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Analysis Of Dietary Intake, Body Composition And Biomarkers In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Prediabetes And Without Diabetes, Sarah Thuytrinh Nguyen

Master's Theses

Our study provided an analysis and comparison of specific blood values, dietary intake, body composition, and inflammatory markers (high sensitivity-C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) between adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes (PDM) to adults without diabetes. A total of 22 participants (PDM/T2DM n=12, controls n=10) in the San Luis Obispo, CA area completed the study prior to our ending recruitment due to Covid-19. Body composition data were collected through DXA scans. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record survey and nutritional analysis conducted using ESHA food processing software. In addition, …

Enhancement Of Dry-Aged Beef Quality By Dietary Supplementation Of High Levels Of Vitamin E, David Manuel Velazco Marroquin

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Crossbred cattle (n = 150; 10/pen) were grain-finished with the dietary addition of 2,200 international units of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) per head per day for 100 days. One low-Choice carcass (n = 12) was selected, and strip loins were collected. Low Choice control carcasses (n = 12) were randomly selected from commercial, fed-cattle production to serve as controls. Strip loins were randomly assigned to wet or dry aging for 42 days. On day 42, control dry-aged and control wet-aged loins had the highest TBARS values and vitamin E wet and dry-aged loins had lower TBARS values ( …

Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (Bblr) Sebagai Determinan Terjadinya Ispa Pada Balita Analisis Data Sdki Tahun 2017, Desinta Ayu Lestari, Asri Adisasmita Prof

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Studi Endemisitas Dan Epidemiologi Deskriptif Malaria Di Kabupaten Purbalingga Tahun 2010-2019, Ghea Efranandhita Sukendar, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan di Jawa Tengah adalah kejadian malaria. Kondisi lingkungan dan perilaku mempunyai peran dalam penyebaran malaria. Gambaran endemisitas dan upaya pengendalian yang diperlukan sebagai dasar perencanaan tindakan pengendalian malaria. Belum ada data yang menyajikan endemisitas malaria dari tahun 2010-2019 di Kabupaten Purbalingga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan endemisitas dan menggambarkan kejadian malaria berdasarkan variabel orang, tempat dan waktu dan upaya pengendalian yang sudah dilakukan periode tahun 2010-2019 di Kabupaten Purbalingga. Jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi yaitu seluruh kasus malaria yang tercatat di dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Purbalingga periode Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2019. Sampel merupakan total …

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Alat Kb Dengan Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Modern Pada Wanita Remaja Kawin Di Pulau Jawa (Analisis Sdki 2017), Priskatindea Priskatindea, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Prevalensi pemakaian metode KB modern pada wanita kawin usia remaja di Pulau Jawa tahun 2017 tergolong masih rendah, yakni 27,8%. Terbatasnya tingkat pengetahuan remaja mengenai pilihan kontrasepsi adalah salah satu hambatan pemakaian kontrasepsi pada remaja. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang alat/cara KB dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi modern pada wanita kawin usia remaja di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan menganalisis hasil dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 2017. Sampel adalah 309 orang wanita berusia 15-19 tahun yang berdomisili di Pulau Jawa dengan status kawin. Pada hasil ditemukan sebanyak 62,4% responden memakai …

Determinan Konsistensi Penggunaan Kondom Pada Laki-Laki Seks Dengan Laki-Laki (Lsl) Non-Pekerja Seks: Studi Potong Lintang, Arum Zulaikhah, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Kasus baru HIV di Indonesia cenderung terus mengalami peningkatan. Sedangkan, tren kasus baru di dunia sudah mengalami penurunan. Laki-laki Seks dengan laki-laki (LSL) merupakan kelompok risiko tinggi HIV. Upaya pencegahan penularan HIV erat kaitannya dengan perilaku seks. Studi ini menggunakan 1.161 sampel Survei Terpadu Biologi dan Perilaku (STBP) 2015 pada kelompok LSL yang termasuk bukan pekerja seks. Studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan perilaku seks konsistensi penggunaan kondom dengan analisis hingga bivariat dengan menggunakan chi-square dan prevalence ratio. Data didapatkan dengan metode respondent driven sampling (RDS) yang kemudian mengeksklusi LSL pekerja seks. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan …

The Shape Of The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test-Glucose Response Curve In Islet Cell Antibody-Positive Vs -Negative Obese Youth Clinically Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes, Joon Young Kim, Hala Tfayli, Fida Bacha, Silva Arslanian

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-glucose response curves (GRCs; incessant increase, monophasic, and biphasic) reflect insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, being worse in the former and superior in the latter. Here, we examined if the OGTT-GRC pattern is worse in obese antibody (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kDa [GAD65] and insulinoma-associated protein-2 [IA-2])-positive (Ab

METHODS: Forty-seven obese youth, 15 Ab

RESULTS: Incessant increase OGTT-GRC is the most frequent curve type and is three-fold higher in Ab

CONCLUSION: Severe insulin deficiency, a characteristic of type 1 diabetes, seems to be related to higher prevalence of incessant increase in Ab

Barbadin Potentiates Long-Term Effects Of Lorcaserin On Pomc Neurons And Weight Loss, Yang He, Hailan Liu, Na Yin, Yongjie Yang, Chunmei Wang, Meng Yu, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Julia Wang, Longlong Tu, Nan Zhang, Lina Wang, Yanlin He, Makoto Fukuda, Qi Wu, Zheng Sun, Qingchun Tong, Yong Xu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Obesity is a serious global health problem because of its increasing prevalence and comorbidities, but its treatments are limited. The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT_2CR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, activates proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH) to reduce appetite and weight gain. However, several 5-HT analogs targeting this receptor, e.g., lorcaserin (Lor), suffer from diminished efficacy to reduce weight after prolonged administration. Here, we show that barbadin (Bar), a novel β-arrestin/β2-adaptin inhibitor, can prevent 5-HT_2CR internalization in cells and potentiate long-term effects of Lor to reduce appetite and body weight in male mice. Mechanistically, …

Hubungan Obesitas Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Posyandu Lansia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pb Selayang Ii Kecamatan Medan Selayang, Medan, Hazella Rissa Valda Asari, Helda Helda

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Populasi individu di seluruh dunia berusia 65 tahun dan lebih tua terus meningkat. Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia adalah 26,5%.Situasi hipertensi terus meningkat seiring dengan epidemiologinya yang meluas, yang berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya beban global penyakit secara keseluruhan. Salah satu faktor hipertensi ialah obesitas. Studi Framingham menunjukkan bahwa baik pria maupun wanita mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah dengan peningkatan kelebihan berat badan. Mengetahui hubungan obesitas dengan hipertensi pada lansia. Desain potong lintang digunakan untuk penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada 9 posyandu lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas PB Selayang II pada bulan Agustus 2017. Populasi penelitian adalah lansia yang mengunjungi ke sembilan posyandu lansia di …

The Influence Of Sport Nutrition Knowledge On Body Composition And Perceptions Of Dietary Requirements In Collegiate Athletes, Andrew R, Jagim, Jennifer B. Fields, Meghan Magee, Chad Kerksick, Joel Luedke, Jacob Erickson, Margaret T. Jones

Faculty Scholarship

Sport nutrition knowledge has been shown to influence dietary habits of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine relationships between sport nutrition knowledge and body composition and examine potential predictors of body weight goals in collegiate athletes. Participants included National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III women (n = 42, height: 169.9 ± 6.9 cm; body mass: 67.1 ± 8.6 kg; fat-free mass: 51.3 ± 6.6 kg; body fat percent: 24.2 ± 5.3%) and men (n = 25, height: 180.8 ± 7.2 cm; body mass: 89.2 ± 20.5 kg; fat-free mass: 75.9 ± 12.2 kg; body fat percent: …

Restoration Of The Molecular Clock Is Tumor Suppressive In Neuroblastoma, Myrthala Moreno-Smith, Giorgio Milazzo, Ling Tao, Baharan Fekry, Bokai Zhu, Mahmoud A Mohammad, Simone Di Giacomo, Roshan Borkar, Karthik Reddy Kami Reddy, Mario Capasso, Sanjeev A Vasudevan, Pavel Sumazin, John Hicks, Nagireddy Putluri, Giovanni Perini, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Thomas P Burris, Eveline Barbieri

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

MYCN activation is a hallmark of advanced neuroblastoma (NB) and a known master regulator of metabolic reprogramming, favoring NB adaptation to its microenvironment. We found that the expression of the main regulators of the molecular clock loops is profoundly disrupted in MYCN-amplified NB patients, and this disruption independently predicts poor clinical outcome. MYCN induces the expression of clock repressors and downregulates the one of clock activators by directly binding to their promoters. Ultimately, MYCN attenuates the molecular clock by suppressing BMAL1 expression and oscillation, thereby promoting cell survival. Reestablishment of the activity of the clock activator RORα via its genetic …

Defining The Relative Role Of Insulin Clearance In Early Dysglycemia In Relation To Insulin Sensitivity And Insulin Secretion: The Microbiome And Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (Miles), Alexis C Wood, Elizabeth T Jensen, Alain G Bertoni, Gautam Ramesh, Stephen S Rich, Jerome I Rotter, Yii-Der I Chen, Mark O Goodarzi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion are well-recognized contributors to type 2 diabetes. A potential role of reduced insulin clearance has been suggested, but few studies have investigated the contribution of insulin clearance while simultaneously examining decreased insulin sensitivity and secretion. The goal of this study was to conduct such an investigation in a cohort of 353 non-Hispanic White and African American individuals recruited in the Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES). Participants underwent oral glucose tolerance tests from which insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, insulin clearance, and disposition index were calculated. Regression models examined the individual and joint contributions …

Dfend Wrap Up, Jamie Baum, Erin Howie

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

This is an overview of DFEND from the beginning and what was learned and shared.

Impact Of Glucosamine Supplementation On Gut Health, Jessica M. Moon, Peter Finnegan, Richard A. Stecker, Hanna Lee, Kayla M. Ratliff, Ralf Jäger, Martin Purpura, Carolyn M. Slupsky, Mario L. Marco, Craig J. Wissent, Jason Theodosakis, Chad Kerksick

Faculty Scholarship

Glucosamine (GLU) is a natural compound found in cartilage, and supplementation with glucosamine has been shown to improve joint heath and has been linked to reduced mortality rates. GLU is poorly absorbed and may exhibit functional properties in the gut. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of glucosamine on gastrointestinal function as well as changes in fecal microbiota and metabolome. Healthy males (n = 6) and females (n = 5) (33.4 ± 7.7 years, 174.1 ± 12.0 cm, 76.5 ± 12.9 kg, 25.2 ± 3.1 kg/m2, n = 11) completed two supplementation protocols that each spanned …

Associations Between Screen-Based Activities, Physical Activity, And Dietary Habits In Mexican Schoolchildren, Erica G Soltero, Alejandra Jáuregui, Edith Hernandez, Simón Barquera, Edtna Jáuregui, Juan Ricardo López-Taylor, Luis Ortiz-Hernández, Lucie Lévesque, Rebecca E Lee

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Screen-based activities are associated with increased risk of obesity and contribute to physical inactivity and poor dietary habits. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among screen-based activities, physical activity, and dietary habits in school-aged children in Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, and Mexico City, Mexico. The secondary aim was to examine these associations across sex. The School Physical Activity and Nutrition survey was used to assess screen-based activities (TV watching, video game use, computer use), physical activity, and dietary habits. Organized activity/sports participation, unhealthy dietary habits, and household income were correlated with screen-based activities. While TV watching …

Carotenoid-Rich Brain Nutrient Pattern Is Positively Correlated With Higher Cognition And Lower Depression In The Oldest Old With No Dementia, Jirayu Tanprasertsuk, Tammy M. Scott, Aron K. Barbey, Kathryn Barger, Xiang-Dong Wang, Mary Ann Johnson, Leonard W. Poon, Rohini Vishwanathan, Nirupa R. Matthan, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Guylaine Ferland, Elizabeth R. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Healthy dietary patterns are related to better cognitive health in aging populations. While levels of individual nutrients in neural tissues are individually associated with cognitive function, the investigation of nutrient patterns in human brain tissue has not been conducted.

Methods: Brain tissues were acquired from frontal and temporal cortices of 47 centenarians from the Georgia Centenarian Study. Fat-soluble nutrients (carotenoids, vitamins A, E, K, and fatty acids [FA]) were measured and averaged from the two brain regions. Nutrient patterns were constructed using principal component analysis. Cognitive composite scores were constructed from cognitive assessment from the time point closest to …

Summer Fun: Maintaining Healthy Behaviors When Schedules Change, Erin Howie, Jamie Baum

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Maintaining healthy behaviors during the summer and how best to take care of yourself in the heat.

Remission Of Type 2 Diabetes With Very Low-Calorie Diets —A Narrative Review, Susan Juray, Kathleen V. Axen, Steven Trasino

Publications and Research

Very low-calorie diets (VLCD) are hypocaloric dietary regimens of approximately 400–800 kcal/day that result in 20–30% reductions in body weight, sometimes in just 12–16 weeks. A body of evidence demonstrates that adherence to VLCD in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can result in marked improvements to glycemic control and even full T2D remission, challenging the convention that T2D is a lifelong disease. Although these data are promising, the majority of VLCD studies have focused on weight loss and not T2D remission as a primary endpoint. Moreover, there is a wide range of VLCD protocols and definitions of T2D remission …

Effect Of The Lysosomotropic Agent Chloroquine On Mtorc1 Activation And Protein Synthesis In Human Skeletal Muscle, Michael S. Borack, Jared M. Dickinson, Christopher S. Fry, Paul T. Reidy, Melissa M. Markofski, Rachel R. Deer, Kristofer Jennings, Elena Volpi, Blake B. Rasmussen

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Background

Previous work in HEK-293 cells demonstrated the importance of amino acid-induced mTORC1 translocation to the lysosomal surface for stimulating mTORC1 kinase activity and protein synthesis. This study tested the conservation of this amino acid sensing mechanism in human skeletal muscle by treating subjects with chloroquine—a lysosomotropic agent that induces in vitro and in vivo lysosome dysfunction.

Methods

mTORC1 signaling and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) were determined in vivo in a randomized controlled trial of 14 subjects (10 M, 4 F; 26 ± 4 year) that ingested 10 g of essential amino acids (EAA) after receiving 750 mg of chloroquine …

What Role Does Stress Play In Overall Health?, Jamie Baum

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

What is Stress?

Alternative names for stress.

Types of stress.

Causes of stress.

Learning to recognize stress.

Farmers Feeding Utah: Increasing Healthy Food Access And Supporting Local Agriculture, Heidi Leblanc, Casey Coombs

Outcomes and Impact Quarterly

The need for food assistance increased by 300% among Utah families as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Farmers and ranchers were also adversely impacted by market losses and processing shortages. In response, Farmers Feeding Utah was developed to facilitate access to fresh agricultural produce for families in need.

Deciphering An Agrp-Serotoninergic Neural Circuit In Distinct Control Of Energy Metabolism From Feeding, Yong Han, Guobin Xia, Dollada Srisai, Fantao Meng, Yanlin He, Yali Ran, Yang He, Monica Farias, Giang Hoang, István Tóth, Marcelo O Dietrich, Miao-Hsueh Chen, Yong Xu, Qi Wu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Contrasting to the established role of the hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in feeding regulation, the neural circuit and signaling mechanisms by which they control energy expenditure remains unclear. Here, we report that energy expenditure is regulated by a subgroup of AgRP neurons that send non-collateral projections to neurons within the dorsal lateral part of dorsal raphe nucleus (dlDRN) expressing the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which in turn innervate nearby serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. Genetic manipulations reveal a bi-directional control of energy expenditure by this circuit without affecting food intake. Fiber photometry and electrophysiological results indicate that the thermo-sensing MC4RdlDRN neurons …

Impact Of Nutrition-Based Interventions On Athletic Performance During Menstrual Cycle Phases: A Review, Macy M. Helm, Graham R. Mcginnis, Arpita Basu

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Despite the steady increase in female participation in sport over the last two decades, comprehensive research on interventions attenuating the influence of female menstrual physiology on performance remains scarce. Studies involving eumenorrheic women often only test in one menstrual phase to limit sex hormone variance, which may restrict the application of these findings to the rest of the menstrual cycle. The impacts of nutrition-based interventions on athletic performance throughout the menstrual cycle have not been fully elucidated. We addressed this gap by conducting a focused critical review of clinical studies that reported athletic outcomes as well as menstrual status for …

The Age Of Artificial Intelligence: Use Of Digital Technology In Clinical Nutrition, Berkeley K. Limketkai, Kasuen Mauldin, Natalie Manitius, Laleh Jalilian, Bradley R. Salonen

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Purpose of review

Computing advances over the decades have catalyzed the pervasive integration of digital technology in the medical industry, now followed by similar applications for clinical nutrition. This review discusses the implementation of such technologies for nutrition, ranging from the use of mobile apps and wearable technologies to the development of decision support tools for parenteral nutrition and use of telehealth for remote assessment of nutrition.

Recent findings

Mobile applications and wearable technologies have provided opportunities for real-time collection of granular nutrition-related data. Machine learning has allowed for more complex analyses of the increasing volume of data collected. The …

Subchronic Tolerance Trials Of Graded Oral Supplementation With Phenylalanine Or Serine In Healthy Adults, Naoki Miura, Hideki Matsumoto, Luc Cynober, Patrick J Stover, Rajavel Elango, Motoni Kadowaki, Dennis M Bier, Miro Smriga

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Phenylalanine and serine are amino acids used in dietary supplements and nutritional products consumed by healthy consumers; however, the safe level of phenylalanine or serine supplementation is unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct two 4-week clinical trials to evaluate the safety and tolerability of graded dosages of oral phenylalanine and oral serine. Healthy male adults (n = 60, 38.2 ± 1.8y) completed graded dosages of either phenylalanine or serine supplement (3, 6, 9 and 12 g/d) for 4 weeks with 2-week wash-out periods in between. Primary outcomes included vitals, a broad spectrum of circulating biochemical analytes, …

Adapting To The Pandemic: Experiences Of Latin American Restaurants During Covid-19 And Potential Implications For Community Health And Food Environments, Elise Harrison, Michelle Rodriguez, Diana Veliz, Rosa Abreu, Melissa Fuster

Publications and Research

Objectives

Assess how Latin American restaurants (LAR) have been adapting in response to COVID-19, and the potential implications of those changes for community food environments.

What Is Self-Efficacy, Why Does It Matter, And How Can We Improve It?, Bryce Daniels

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Self-efficacy defined and examples shared. Self-efficacy shows to directly influence health behavior performance.

Grit defined and examples shared. There are two components to grit: consistency of interest and perseverance of effort.

Palmitoleate Protects Against Zika Virus-Induced Placental Trophoblast Apoptosis, Philma Glora Muthuraj, Aryamav Pattnaik, Prakash K. Sahoo, Md Torikul Islam, Asit K. Pattnaik, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Corrine K. Hanson, Ann Anderson Berry, Stephen D. Kachman, Sathish Kumar Natarajan

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy is associated with the development of microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and ocular damage in the fetus. ZIKV infection of the placenta plays a crucial role in the vertical transmission from the maternal circulation to the fetus. Our previous study suggested that ZIKV induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of placental trophoblasts. Here, we showed that palmitoleate, an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, prevents ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. Human trophoblast cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) and normal immortalized trophoblasts (HTR-8) were used. We observed that ZIKV infection of the trophoblasts resulted …

Gene Expression Analysis Of Environmental Temperature And High-Fat Diet-Induced Changes In Mouse Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue, Yufeng Shi, Honglei Zhai, Sharon John, Yi-Ting Shen, Yali Ran, Giang Hoang, Miao-Hsueh Chen

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Obesity, a dysregulation of adipose tissue, is a major health risk factor associated with many diseases. Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis can potentially regulate energy expenditure, making it an attractive therapeutic target to combat obesity. Here, we characterize the effects of cold exposure, thermoneutrality, and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on mouse supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) morphology and BAT-associated gene expression compared to other adipose depots, including the interscapular BAT (iBAT). scBAT was as sensitive to cold induced thermogenesis as iBAT and showed reduced thermogenic effect under thermoneutrality. While both scBAT and iBAT are sensitive to cold, the expression of genes involved …

An Analysis Of The Impacts Of Climate Change On Food Security In The Albertine Rift Of East Africa, Malcolm Jacob

Sustainability and Social Justice

As one of the most densely populated regions on the continent of Africa, the Albertine Rift (consisting of parts of Rwanda, Uganda, and the eastern DRC) faces ongoing problems providing enough food for its people through crop production, livestock husbandry, and other forms of food production. Even more troubling for the future is that anthropogenic climate change is expected to significantly exacerbate food insecurity. This paper addresses one central question: how will climate change impact food security in the Albertine Rift? Based on an analysis of available data, this paper finds that policymakers should listen closely to local farmers and …