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Time Course Of Changes In Neuromuscular Responses At 30% Versus 70% 1 Repetition Maximum During Dynamic Constant External Resistance Leg Extensions To Failure, Cory M. Smith, Terry J. Housh, Ethan C. Hill, Richard J. Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The purpose of the current study was to examine the time course of changes in neuromuscular responses from the vastus medialis (VM) during low versus high intensity dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) leg extension muscle actions to failure. Thirteen men performed DCER leg extensions to failure at 30% and 70% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) as well as 1-RM measurements pretest and posttest. Electromyogaphy and mechanomyographic signals were measured from the VM. There were no differences in neuromuscular responses pretest versus posttest 1-RM. There were timedependent differences between the 30% and 70% 1-RM protocols. The initial phase of the 30% 1- RM …

Hepatocyte Abca1 Deletion Impairs Liver Insulin Signaling And Lipogenesis, Chia-Chi C. Key, Mingxia Liu, C. Lisa Kurtz, Soonkyu Chung, Elena Boudyguina, Timothy A. Dinh, Alexander Bashore, Peter E. Phelan, Barry I. Freedman, Timothy F. Osborne, Xuewei Zhu, Lijun Ma, Praveen Sethupathy, Sudha B. Biddinger, John S. Parks

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Plasma membrane (PM) free cholesterol (FC) is emerging as an important modulator of signal transduction. Here, we show that hepatocyte-specific knockout (HSKO) of the cellular FC exporter, ATPbinding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), leads to decreased PM FC content and defective trafficking of lysosomal FC to the PM. Compared with controls, chow-fed HSKO mice had reduced hepatic (1) insulin- stimulated Akt phosphorylation, (2) activation of the lipogenic transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP)-1c, and (3) lipogenic gene expression. Consequently, Westerntype diet-fed HSKO mice were protected from steatosis. Surprisingly, HSKO mice had intact glucose metabolism; they showed normal gluconeogenic gene …

Greater Neural Adaptations Following High- Vs. Low-Load Resistance Training, Nathaniel D. M. Jenkins, Amelia A. Miramonti, Ethan C. Hill, Cory M. Smith, Kristen C. Cochrane-Snyman, Terry J. Housh, Joel T. Cramer

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

We examined the neuromuscular adaptations following 3 and 6 weeks of 80 vs. 30%one repetition maximum (1RM) resistance training to failure in the leg extensors. Twenty-six men (age = 23.1 ± 4.7 years) were randomly assigned to a high- (80% 1RM; n = 13) or low-load (30% 1RM; n = 13) resistance training group and completed leg extension resistance training to failure 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Testing was completed at baseline, 3, and 6 weeks of training. During each testing session, ultrasound muscle thickness and echo intensity, 1RM strength, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength, and contractile …

Efficacy Of Nutritional Interventions To Lower Circulating Ceramides In Young Adults: Fruvedomic Pilot Study, Alice T. Matthews, Oluremi A. Famodu, Melissa D. Olfert, Pamela J. Murray, Christopher F. Cuff, Marianne T. Downes, Norman J. Haughey, Sarah E. Colby, Paul D. Chantler, I. Mark Olfert, Joseph W. Mcfadden

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends a diet largely composed of fruit and vegetables. Consuming a diet high in fruit and vegetables and low in refined carbohydrates and saturated fat may reduce an individual’s risk for type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, low-grade chronic inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several recent studies have implicated the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide as an associative and causative biomarker for the development of these conditions. Considering that the intake of fruit and vegetables is frequently inadequate in young adults, we performed a pilot investigation to assess the efficacy of a free-living …

Effect Of Body Image Awareness Program On Weight Satisfaction In Ncaa Division I Female Athletes, Derionne Brooks

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The International Scientific Association For Probiotics And Prebiotics (Isapp) Consensus Statement On The Definition And Scope Of Prebiotics, Glenn R. Gibson, Robert W. Hutkins, Mary Ellen Sanders, Susan L. Prescott, Raylene A. Reimer, Seppo J. Salminen, Karen Scott, Catherine Stanton, Kelly S. Swanson, Patrice D. Cani, Kristin Verbeke, Gregor Reid

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In December 2016, a panel of experts in microbiology, nutrition and clinical research was convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics to review the definition and scope of prebiotics. Consistent with the original embodiment of prebiotics, but aware of the latest scientific and clinical developments, the panel updated the definition of a prebiotic: a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. This definition expands the concept of prebiotics to possibly include non-carbohydrate substances, applications to body sites other than the gastrointestinal tract, and diverse categories other than food. The requirement for selective …

Association Between Energy Balance And Metabolic Hormone Suppression During Ultra-Endurance Exercise, Bjoern Geesmann, Jenna C. Gibbs, Joachim Mester, Karsten Koehler

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Ultra-endurance athletes often accumulate an energy deficit when engaging in ultra-endurance exercise, and upon completion of the exercise, they exhibit endocrine changes that are reminiscent of starvation. However, it remains unclear whether these endocrine changes are a result of the exercise per se or secondary to the energy deficit, and more importantly, whether these changes can be attenuated by increased dietary intake. Our goal was to assess the relationship between changes in key metabolic hormones following ultra-endurance exercise and measures of energy balance. Metabolic hormones as well as energy intake and expenditure were assessed in 14 well-trained male cyclists who …

Less-Than-Expected Weight Loss In Normal-Weight Women Undergoing Caloric Restriction And Exercise Is Accompanied By Preservation Of Fat-Free Mass And Metabolic Adaptations, Karsten Koehler, M. J. De Souza, N. I. Williams

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Normal-weight women frequently restrict their caloric intake and exercise, but little is known about the effects on body weight, body composition and metabolic adaptations in this population.

Subjects/Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in sedentary normal-weight women. Women were assigned to a severe energy deficit (SEV: –1062 ± 80 kcal per day; n = 9), a moderate energy deficit (MOD: –633 ± 71 kcal per day; n = 7) or energy balance (BAL; n = 9) while exercising five times per week for 3 months. Outcome variables included changes in body weight, …

Web-Based Interventions Alone Or Supplemented With Peer-Led Support Or Professional Email Counseling For Weight Loss And Weight Maintenance In Women From Rural Communities: Results Of A Clinical Trial, Patricia A. Hageman, Carol H. Pullen, Melody Hertzog, Bunny J. Pozehl, Christine Eisenhauer, Linda S. Boeckner

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective. This trial compared the effectiveness of a web-based only (WO) intervention with web-based supplemented by peer-led discussion (WD) or professional email counseling (WE) across 3 phases to achieve weight loss and weight maintenance in women from underserved rural communities.

Methods. 301 women (BMI of 28–45 kg/m²) randomly assigned to groups participated in guided weight loss (baseline to 6 months), guided weight loss and maintenance (6 to 18 months), and self-managed weight maintenance (18 to 30 months).

Results. Retention was 88.7%, 76.5%, and 71.8% at 6, 18, and 30 months, respectively. Intent-to-treat analyses demonstrated no group …

Nonprofit Pay In A Competitive Market: Wage Penalty Or Premium?, Christian King, Gregory B. Lewis

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Two competing theories argue that the nonprofit sector pays differently: Nonprofit employees may accept lower pay to be able to do meaningful work for a good cause, or they may earn higher pay due to nonprofit organizations’ tax exemptions and weaker incentives to hold down wages. To test these opposing expectations, we use the 2005-2013 American Community Surveys to examine pay differences among registered nurses working for nonprofit, for-profit, and public hospitals. We also test hypotheses that public and nonprofit hospitals have smaller pay disparities by gender, race, and relationship status. We find that pay is highest in nonprofit hospitals, …

Milk Exosomes: Beyond Dietary Micrornas, Janos Zempleni

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Extracellular vesicles deliver a variety of cargos to recipient cells, including the delivery of cargos in dietary vesicles from bovine milk to non-bovine species. The rate of discovery in this important line of research is slowed by a controversy whether the delivery and bioactivity of a single class of vesicle cargos, microRNAs, are real or not. This opinion paper argues that the evidence in support of the bioavailability of microRNAs encapsulated in dietary exosomes outweighs the evidence produced by scholars doubting that phenomenon is real. Importantly, this paper posits that the time is ripe to look beyond microRNA cargos and …

Role Of Oxygen Free Radicals, Nitric Oxide And Mitochondria In Mediating Cardiac Alterations During Liver Cirrhosis Induced By Thioacetamide, G. Jayakumar Amirtharaj, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Anna Pulimood, K. A. Balasubramanian, Aparna Venkatraman, Anup Ramachandran

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Thioacetamide (TAA) administration is widely used for induction of liver cirrhosis in rats, where reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) participate in development of liver damage. Cardiac dysfunction is an important complication of liver cirrhosis, but the role of ROS or NO in cardiac abnormalities during liver cirrhosis is not well understood. This was investigated in animals after TAA-induced liver cirrhosis and temporal changes in oxidative stress, NO and mitochondrial function in the heart evaluated. TAA induced elevation in cardiac levels of nitrate before development of frank liver cirrhosis, without gross histological alterations. This was accompanied by an …

Healthy Eating: How Do We Define It And Measure It? What’S The Evidence?, Christy C. Tangney, Beth A. Staffileno, Heather Rasmussen

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

A healthy diet can be defined in many ways, including defining one’s food intake by a dietary pattern. As described in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Committee report, there are several defined dietary patterns associated with lower rates of chronic diseases. These include the Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, and those based on the Mediterranean diet. This review will focus on guiding health care professionals, including nurse practitioners, how a healthy diet pattern is defined, how it is measured, and a summary of recent evidence supporting the healthfulness of these dietary patterns.

Prebiotics And Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Heather Rasmussen, Bruce R. Hamaker

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Inflammatory bowel disease risk factors include poor diet, and corresponding low intake of dietary fiber, specifically prebiotics, which is fermented by the gut microbiota. Dietary fibers, many of which are potential prebiotics, have hundreds to thousands of unique chemical structures that may promote bacteria or bacterial groups to provide beneficial health effects. In vitro and in vivo animal models provide some support for the use of prebiotics for inflammatory bowel disease through inflammation reduction. Studies using prebiotics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are limited and focus on only a select few prebiotic substances.

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis, …

Evaluation Of A Dietary Screener: The Mediterranean Eating Pattern For Americans Tool, L. A. Cerwinske, Heather Rasmussen, S. Lipson, A. S. Volgman, Christy C. Tangney

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Evidence exists for an association between accordance with a Mediterranean diet pattern and slower rates of cognitive decline. However, an ‘Americanized’ version of the Mediterranean diet screener is needed to assess accordance in the USA. Thus, the Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans (MEPA) tool was developed to assess accordance with a Mediterranean-like food pattern when time is limited. The present study aimed to determine whether the MEPA screener captured the key elements of the Mediterranean diet compared to the more comprehensive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Methods: The study comprised a cross-sectional study in which 70 women completed both the …

Impact Of Staff Education On Geriatric Polypharmacy, Valerie Ikemefuna

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Polypharmacy, the simultaneous use of multiple drugs to treat a single ailment or condition, is a

major health problem among the elderly population that contributes to adverse drug side events,

health risks, hospital readmissions, morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, a staff education

program geared toward reduction of such adverse drug events was implemented at a single site.

The purpose of the project was to determine if the staff education program would increase

knowledge of adverse drug events due to geriatric polypharmacy. The Orem theory provided the

theoretical support for the project, and the Iowa model guided the evidence-based practice

change process. …

Mechanisms Of Phytochemicals From Murraya Koenigii And Stevia Rebuadiana In Cell Model Of Diabetes, Hepatocellular Carcinoma And Cholangiocarcinoma Under Hyperglycemic Conditions, Nattakarn Nooron

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders in which high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period, caused by deficiency of insulin production from the pancreas, or by the insulin resistance. Several epidemiological studies suggest that diabetic population is not only at increased risk of cardiovascular complications, but also at substantially higher risk of many types of malignancies. Hyperglycemia induced free radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is a major cause of cell injury and organ damage, especially affects pancreatic beta cells. Whereas insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissue and adipocyte are the major sites of postprandial …

The Prevalence Of Food Insecurity Within The University Of Mississippi Community And Knowledge Of And Opinions About The University Of Mississippi Food Bank, Megan Marie Eubanks

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of food insecurity within the University of Mississippi community. The project also investigated whether the University of Mississippi (UM) community supports and/ or knows about the UM Food Bank. A survey to determine perceived levels of food insecurity and knowledge of and opinions about the UM Food Bank was dispersed through Qualtrics Survey Software via University email to one-third of the UM faculty, staff, graduate students (including Pharmacy and Law), and undergraduate students. The final survey response count was 356 (response rate: 6.48%). Data collected for questions pertaining to food …

Evaluation Of A Farmers' Market Intervention On Food Insecurity, Health, And Diet Of Individuals Living In Rural, Appalachian Mississippi, Heather A. Poole

Honors Theses

Objective: This study examined: 1) the impact of a farmers' market nutrition education and incentive intervention on household adult food security status, produce intake, perceived diet quality, and perceived health of individuals living in rural, Appalachian Mississippi; and 2) the relationship of household adult food security status to produce intake, perceived diet quality, and perceived health at baseline. Methods: Participants were recruited for a 12-week farmers' market nutrition education and incentive ($3.00/week) intervention at two rural farmers' markets in an economically distressed, Appalachian Mississippi county and completed pre- and post-intervention surveys. Results: The mean age of participants (n=60) was 57 …

Evaluation Of A Nutrition Education Program Targeting Home-Based Child Care Centers, Cassandra Nicole Urrutia

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background: The development of a highly obesogenic culture promoting sedentary behavior and the consumption of calorie-dense foods has led to increased levels of overweight and obesity globally. While children and adults are both at increased risk of developing obesity, the risk is even higher in minority and low socioeconomic populations. Changes in familial structure and an increase in mothers of younger children (below the age of 6) entering the workforce have created a new demand for child care services. Although some studies have researched the effectiveness of nutrition programs to increase healthy eating within the child care setting, few have …

A Potential Tool For Clinicians; Evaluating A Computer-Led Dietary Assessment Method In Overweight And Obese Women During Weight Loss, Adrianne Widaman, Nancy Keim, Dustin Burnett, Beverly Miller, Megan Witbracht, Keith Widaman, Kevin Laugero

Faculty Publications

Many Americans are attempting to lose weight with the help of healthcare professionals. Clinicians can improve weight loss results by using technology. Accurate dietary assessment is crucial to effective weight loss. The aim of this study was to validate a computer-led dietary assessment method in overweight/obese women. Known dietary intake was compared to Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall (ASA24) reported intake in women (n = 45), 19–50 years, with body mass index of 27–39.9 kg/m2. Participants received nutrition education and reduced body weight by 4%–10%. Participants completed one unannounced dietary recall and their responses were compared to actual intake. Accuracy of …

Mechanisms Of Thai Medicinal Plant Extracts On The Attenuation Of Glutamate-Mediated Neurotoxicity, Anchalee Prasansuklab

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

As the world population ages, neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease, are becoming a major public health concern with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide while no cure currently exists. To challenge this situation, herbal medicine may provide a potential alternative treatment as use of natural-derived substances has been proven to be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of several diseases. During the past decades, increasing evidence has implicated excessive glutamate levels in the pathway of neuronal cell death. Thailand is a place known for cultivating a variety of tropical plants and herbs, so far many of them have never been examined …

Effects Of Plant Extracts On Melanin Biosynthesis And Melanogenetic Gene Expression In B16f10 Melanoma Cells, Moragot Chatatikun

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight is a significant environmental factor in skin damage and can induce hyperpigmentation disorder and aesthetic problem. Development of novel whitening phytochemical compounds from natural products has been become trends recently. The purpose of this study was to find some plant extracts that reduce melanin synthesis and melanogenetic gene expression in alpha-MSH-induced B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. To screen total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and anti-mushroom tyrosinase activity, we used 13 plants which were extracted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethanol solvents, subsequently. We found that total phenolic content of 13 plants extracts was found in the …

Role Of Progesterone Receptor A And B Isoforms In Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors, Teeranut Asavasupreechar

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) incidences are increasing in recent years. Women with lung NETs have significantly better survival rates as compared to men suggesting the involvement of sex steroids and their receptors in the progression of lung NETs. Recent data suggested that progesterone receptor (PR) may play a role in the survival of lung NET patients. PR exists as two major isoforms, PRA and PRB. How expression of PR isoforms affects proliferation of lung NETs and patient's survival is not known. To determine the role of PR isoforms in lung NETs, we constructed H727 lung NET cell models expressing PRB …

Bioactive Clitoria Ternatea L. Flower Extract For The Glycemic Control To Carbohydrate Foods And Sugary Beverages, Charoonsri Chusak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Clitoria ternatea L. flower, an edible plant containing anthocyanins, has been currently used as the source of natural colorant in foods, beverages and desserts worldwide. The previous report demonstrated its biological properties including antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity. However, the various concentrations of Clitoria ternatea were used in food and beverages but the effective concentration of Clitoria ternatea on the digestibility of starch and glycemic response remains unknown. In this study, the effects of foods and beverage containing Clitoria ternatea L. flower extract (CTE) on starch digestibility in vitro, postprandial glycemic response and antioxidant capacity in human as well as sensory …

The Effect Of Nutrition Education Intervention On The Amount Of School Lunch Consumption In Children Aged 3-5 Years: Case Study In Bangkok, Thailand, Hathaichanok Tirapongporn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Low vegetable and fruit intake and micronutrient deficiency has been reported for Thai children aged three to five years. Many nutrition education programs have been recommended to solve these problems, especially for preschool children. This study aims to investigate the effect of the novel nutrition education program on the amount of vegetables, fruit, energy and nutrients consumption in school lunches of children aged three to five years. United for Healthier Kids is a nutrition education program that desires to motivate healthy eating via a set of nutrition education tools by encouraging variety in the types of food consumed, increase vegetables …

Effect Of Different Cooking Methods On The Bioaccessibility Of Polyphenols And Antioxidant Capacities Of Pakwan Ban (Sauropus Androgynus), Imas Arumsari

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study was aimed to assess the effect of different cooking methods on the amounts of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacities of sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus) before and during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The optimum cooking time of each cooking method was prior selected according to the total phenolic compounds, the ferric-reductase antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, the color characteristics, the hardness, and the texture preference of cooked sweet leaf samples. Consequently, the sweet leaf samples cooked by boiling for 5 mins or microwaving at 800 watts for 90 sec were compared with raw sweet leaf. The results showed that …

The Inhibitory Effect Of Anthocyanins-Rich Thai Berries Extracts On Lipid Digestion And Absorption, Netima Chamnansilpa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factor that contributes to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetic mellitus. Anthocyanin-rich Thai berries have been documented to have hypolipidemic activity. However, no scientific data is available regarding the mechanism of lipid lowering property. Thus, the objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of Thai berries including Prunus domestica L., Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Syzygium nervosum A. Cunn. Ex DC, and Muntingia calabura L. on a reduction of lipid digestion and absorption in vitro. Phytochemical compounds of Thai berries, including total phenolic (TP), …

Preparation And Antimicrobial Activity Of Olive Oil Nanoemulsions, Kusuma Jaemsak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Due to their health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and also antimicrobial activities, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has received much attention in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Nanoemulsions (NEs) solubilize and increase absorption and bioavailability of lipophilic substances (i.e. olive oil). However, there is insufficient data in the formation of olive oil NEs. This study aimed to investigate the formation of oil-in-water NEs containing EVOO using low-energy approach and high-energy approach. NEs were characterized for size, polydispersity and zeta potential after storage at different conditions for up to 180 days. They were determined for antimicrobial susceptibility. From the result, NEs …

Relationship Between Depression And Metabolic Syndrome In Working Age Population In Bangkok, Matthawan Sujinnapram

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objectives of this observational descriptive cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalences of depression and metabolic syndrome and to examine the relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome and dietary pattern in working age people in Bangkok. The samples were 446 participants (123 males and 323 females) aged 20 and over who received an annual health examination 2017. The metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP ATP III criteria. The data on waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, depression score, and dietary pattern were collected. The relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns were …