Digital Commons Network^™

Retinal Artery Occlusion Mimicking Giant Cell Arteritis: A Case Report, Zain Ismail, Amaan Ismail, Chris Luz

Research Day

Acute monocular vision loss is a medical emergency that requires prompt work-up to identify the cause. The etiologies of vision loss are broad including vascular, inflammatory, thromboembolic, and neural pathologies. Here we present the curious case of a 57-year-old male with a history of HTN, CAD, prior CVA and T2DM who was admitted to the medicine floor for a recurrent transient vision loss in his right eye for the past 18-months. Based on the patients PMH, an immediate differential diagnosis included: Central Retinal Artery Occlusion, Giant Cell Arteritis, Amaurosis Fugax secondary to carotid embolism, and Optic Neuropathy secondary to Diabetic …

From Data To Action: Addressing Maternal Mortality Disparities Among Black Women In Georgia, Celeste Pak, Chloe Pak, Vanshika Singisetti, Audrey Arona

Research Day

Introduction: Maternal mortality in Georgia remains one of the highest in the United States and is driven by persistent racial disparities, difficulty gaining access to prenatal care, and gaps in healthcare infrastructure which limits timely clinical intervention. While Georgia has implemented some measures to combat this crisis, they have not yet fully addressed the complex social, geographic, and medical determinants of maternal health. Furthermore, Black women in Georgia specifically bear a disproportionate burden of preventable morbidity and death.

Objective: This literature-based review aims to analyze the current trends and underlying factors driving the maternal mortality crisis in Georgia. Additionally, we …

Herbal Medicine Interference With Continuous Glucose Monitoring System In Diabetes Management: A Case Report, Julia Lees, Haley Johnson, Kuntal Patel, Erik Polan, Deniz Karaca, Tamaya Merrell, Atefeh Bagherpanah, Timbreia Brown

Research Day

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have transformed diabetes management through improved glycemic control, leading to decreased adverse events such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. However, there are documented, known interactions with several commonly used substances that are available over the counter, such as acetaminophen, aspirin, and Vitamin C, that affect the accuracy of CGM glucose readings. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released an alert November 2025 regarding incorrect low glucose readings associated with the Freestyle Libre CGM system after the manufacturer received 736 severe adverse events and seven deaths related to this issue. The FDA warns that …

Side Effects Of Antibiotics: Beta Lactams And Tetracyclines, Jalen Love, Airam Viennelu Aliwalas, Zuhal Saadat, Jeffery Mccanless, Phuongloan Hoang,, Julie Lu-Duong, Essie Samuel

Research Day

Background

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) prescribing reports for 2024, an estimated 255.9 million oral antibiotics were prescribed in the outpatient setting, corresponding to a rate of 752 prescriptions per 1,000 persons. This volume of prescribing reflects the effectiveness of antibiotics in reducing infection-related morbidity and mortality. However, no pharmacologic therapy is without risk. Beta-lactams and tetracyclines remain among the most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes in the United States. The purpose of this study is to conduct a narrative literature review examining the reported side effects associated with these and discuss their clinical significance.

Methods …

Off-Label Clinical Applications Of Lefamulin For Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis And Sexually Transmitted Infections, Kerel Morris, Sukaina Momin, Vicky Mody, Shashidharamurthy Taval

Research Day

Lefamulin is a newer pleuromutilin antibiotic approved by the FDA (2019) for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CAP). In addition, recent studies have shown the off-label use of Lefamulin to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by Mycoplasma genitalium. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a literature review evaluating the potential off-label applications of lefamulin. Treatment of MDR-TB is typically complex because of the increased resistance to the standard first-line therapy. In addition, the entry of antibiotics into macrophages is limited by hypoxia, granulomas, and necrosis caused by MDR-TB. Studies have shown that Lefamulin exhibits …

Bezlotoxumab: Targeted Toxin-B Neutralization Strategy To Reduce Recurrence Of Clostridioides Difficile Infection, Beverly Djan, Vicky Mody, Shashidharamurthy Taval

Research Day

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a major healthcare-associated infection with substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Recurrence occurs in roughly 25% of patients after initial antibiotic treatment and increases with each subsequent episode. Notably, recurrence is driven not by persistent C. difficile infection but by ongoing toxin-mediated mucosal injury. This understanding highlights the need for preventive strategies that extend beyond traditional antimicrobial therapy. Bezlotoxumab (Bmab), a fully humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG1) approved by the FDA in 2016, was developed to neutralize toxin B (TcdB), the principal virulence factor responsible for colonic damage in CDI. Under normal circumstances, toxin B binds …

Cresomycin By-Passes The Erm Genes To Exhibit Anti-Bacterial Activity Against Multiantibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Olivia Wilcock, Jamie Smith, Kaylan Bowman, Allyson Welch, Bridgeth Flores, Vicky Mody, Shashidharamurthy Taval

Research Day

Multi-antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MARSA) develops resistance against several antibiotics because of erm (erythromycin ribosome methylase) gene, which encodes rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase (RAMT). Dimethylation to the nucleotide A2058 of the 23S rRNA within the 50S ribosomal subunit by RAMT. The methylation of A2058 prevents the antibiotics binding to 23S subunit of the bacterial ribosomes allowing bacterial protein synthesis thereby promoting anti-bacterial resistance. We have performed a recent literature review to identify the potential drugs/drug-like candidates that overcome the anti-bacterial resistance caused by erm gene against MARSA. Recent studies suggest that Cresomycin is a novel synthetic lincosamide antibiotic developed to address …

Vaping-Associated Lung Injury In A 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Of Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure And Eosinophilic Pneumonitis, Estefani Baez, Linda Akbarshahi

Research Day

BACKGROUND: Vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) has become a significant health issue, particularly among young adults who frequently use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Initially, VALI was associated with acute pulmonary symptoms following vaping. However, further studies have revealed a range of clinical manifestations, from mild respiratory distress to severe respiratory failure.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old male with no significant past medical history who developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure following heavy vaping exposure. The patient presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath, productive cough, and chest tightness, along with eosinophilia and patchy ground-glass opacities on chest imaging. His symptoms were initially …

From Icu To Home: Mobility-Based Recovery And Discharge Planning After Postpartum Venous Thromboembolism, Anvitha Kaguturu, Oluwaseun Cole

Research Day

Introduction

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 9-10% of maternal deaths in the United States. Risk is highest in the early postpartum period due to physiologic hypercoagulability, venous stasis, endothelial injury, and reduced mobility. Postpartum patients with severe VTE requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission represent a particularly vulnerable population, as critical illness-associated immobility, mechanical ventilation, and invasive monitoring contribute to functional decline and long-term disability. This review aimed to evaluate mobility-based functional recovery and structured discharge planning strategies for postpartum ICU patients with VTE to identify evidence-informed approaches that optimize …

Proximal Origin And Accessory Uterine Artery In A Fibroid Uterus: Implications For Uterine Artery Embolization, Akash Kumar Sinha, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction

Anatomic variation of the uterine artery has important implications for interventional procedures such as uterine artery embolization (UAE). The uterine artery classically arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery; however, variant origins and accessory uterine arteries have been described. Failure to recognize such variations may contribute to incomplete embolization and persistent symptoms. This report describes a cadaveric case demonstrating a proximally arising uterine artery with an accessory uterine artery in the setting of a fibroid uterus.

Methods

Routine pelvic dissection was performed on a female cadaver during anatomical study. The pelvic vasculature was exposed using standard …

Incidental Identification Of A Femoral Arterial Stent And Vascular Closure Devices Within The Common Femoral Arteries: A Cadaveric Case Report, Danait W. Gebreselassie, Nathan Sagasser, Misha Ul-Islam, Jada Daniel, Abeeha Choudhary, Christian Butler, Abigail Blank, Sofia Garcia

Research Day

Introduction: The common femoral artery (CFA) is the most frequently accessed vessel for diagnostic angiography and endovascular interventions due to its superficial location, large caliber, and reliable anatomic landmarks. Ultrasound‑guided access has reduced complication rates, while vascular closure devices (VCDs) are routinely used to achieve hemostasis following catheterization to optimize recovery and allow early patient mobilization. Intraluminal stents and VCDs are both generally safe although they can alter local vascular anatomy. Cadaveric dissection provides a unique opportunity to identify these devices and assess their anatomic impact. During routine dissection of a 68‑year‑old White male donor, bilateral metallic structures were unexpectedly …

Severe Exertional Rhabdomyolysis And Compartment Syndrome Associated With Sickle Cell Trait Following Heat Injury, Lily Dwyer, Cameron Vicknair, Dennis Rossi, Nilam Vaughan

Research Day

Introduction

Exertional heat injury and rhabdomyolysis are recognized complications of intense physical activity, particularly in environments with elevated temperature and physical stress. Severe skeletal muscle breakdown may result in electrolyte abnormalities, acute kidney injury (AKI), and occasionally compartment syndrome requiring urgent intervention. Although sickle cell trait (SCT) has been considered a benign carrier state, increasing evidence suggests an association with exertional collapse, rhabdomyolysis, and heat-related illness in physically active populations, including military [1,4]. Physiologic stressors such as dehydration, hypoxia, hyperthermia, and metabolic acidosis may promote erythrocyte sickling in individuals with SCT, leading to microvascular obstruction and skeletal muscle ischemia [2]. …

A Literary Analysis And Cadaveric Evaluation Of The Medtronic Intellis™ Adaptivestim Spinal Cord Stimulator: Anatomical Correlates And Clinical Implications, Nicholas Auge-Dario, Olivia Peoples, Alexa Staudt, Anika Mittal, Shamar Palmer, Neel Patel, Syed Khalid, Emranul Huq

Research Day

Background/Objectives:

The clinical efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic neuropathic pain depends on precise epidural lead placement to appropriately target the dorsal columns specific to patient cases. However, anatomical variability within the thoracic spinal canal, such as discrepancies between vertebral levels and spinal cord segments, differences in epidural fat distribution, ligamentum flavum thickness, and spinal cord dimension, may alter the spatial relationship between implanted leads and neural targets. These variations may contribute to inconsistent stimulation coverage and clinical outcomes due to alterations that can be avoided for better patient satisfaction.

Methods:

A focused anatomical and literature-based evaluation, along …

The Effect Of Left Sided Heart Dominant Circulation On Athletic Performance, Reginald D. Dixon, Blessing A. Adeyemo, Paul M. Catalano, Chloe A. Davis, Micheal G. Elkomos, Rachel E. Lippincott, George M. Zakour, Sebastian Egberts

Research Day

Background

Coronary artery dominance is defined as the coronary artery that gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA), which supplies the inferior wall of the heart and portions of the interventricular septum. In the majority of individuals, the PDA originates from the right coronary artery, resulting in right coronary dominance. Left coronary dominance, in which the PDA arises from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, occurs less frequently and may influence myocardial perfusion patterns and clinical outcomes during coronary artery disease.

Objective

The objective of this report is to describe a case of left coronary artery dominance …

Emergency Department Utilization And Mortality Rates Among Hispanic Residents In Rural Vs Suburban Vs Urban Settings: A Comparison Of Colquitt County, Gwinnett County, Fulton County, And Georgia Overall (2020–2024), Selena Meza, Thomas Last

Research Day

Background:

Geographic disparities in healthcare access and outcomes may exist within Hispanic populations in Georgia, particularly across rural, suburban, and urban settings. Rural communities often face provider shortages, higher poverty rates, and limited access to preventive services, which may influence emergency department (ED) utilization and mortality outcomes.

Objective:

To describe differences in emergency department utilization and age-adjusted mortality among Hispanic residents across selected rural, suburban, and urban counties in Georgia from 2020–2024.

Methods:

A retrospective ecological analysis was conducted using Georgia Department of Public Health OASIS data (2020–2024). Hispanic ER visit rates and age-adjusted death rates were compared across Colquitt …

A Cadaveric Analysis Of Chronic Kidney Disease With Preserved Left Ventricular Morphology, Hania Hashmi, Alex Fishel, Justin Laplace, Skylar Keating, Christen York, Dev Desai, Doan Nguyen, Misha Ul-Islam, Rasheed Agboola, Shiv Dhiman

Research Day

Introduction:

A well-established link exists between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reduced kidney function triggers a cascade of hemodynamic changes, including systemic hypertension and inflammatory responses, leading to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In advanced stages of CKD, uremic cardiomyopathy (UC) is implicated in the progression of CKD and LVH. While the progression of CKD to LVH has been investigated, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the mechanisms underlying the preservation of left ventricular architecture and function in the pathogenesis of CKD. This study presents a post-mortem histological analysis of an 82-year-old African American male cadaver …

Concurrent Meckel Diverticulum And Horseshoe Kidney In A Cadaver: Insights Into Developmental Field Effects, Kezia Itua, Nadine Belony, Josh Searles, Sophia Guo, Carl Yem, Jorgo Zi, Kavitha Vudatha, Shiv Dhiman, Rasheed Agboola

Research Day

Introduction: Meckel diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract and results from incomplete regression of the omphalomesenteric duct during early embryogenesis. Horseshoe kidney arises from abnormal fusion and arrested ascent of the metanephric kidneys during weeks 6–9 of development. Although both anomalies occur during overlapping gestational windows, their coexistence is rarely described. Recognition of such co-occurrence may provide insight into patterns of congenital variation and early developmental susceptibility.

Methods: During routine cadaveric dissection of a 74-year-old male donor, the abdominal cavity, small intestine, and retroperitoneum were systematically examined. A Meckel diverticulum was identified, measured (~60 cm …

Determinants Of Mortality In Patients With Extremely Severe Burns: Analysis Of Patients With Baux Scores Greater Than 100, Kensley Philemond, Shihab Chowdhury, Jodeci Mitchell, Mark Shearer, Bounthavy Homsombath, Martin Hardy, Zaheed Hassan, Shawn Fagan, Tayseer Chowdhry, Rajiv Sood

Research Day

Background:

The revised Baux (rBaux) score integrates age, percent total body surface area burned (TBSA), and inhalation injury to estimate mortality following burn injury. While the model yields outstanding performance in general burn populations, the factors influencing mortality among patients with extremely severe burns (Baux >100) remain uncertain. In this group, it is uncertain whether demographic characteristics or injury severity play a greater role in determining survival.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of adult burn patients with Baux scores greater than 100 treated between 2020 and 2024. Demographic variables (age, sex, and race) and injury characteristics (TBSA and …

Splenomegaly And Abnormal Bone Remodeling With Pancytopenia And Myelodysplastic Anemia: A Cadaveric Case Study, Mika Matteo

Research Day

 Introduction: Pancytopenia is a severe reduction in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, often resulting in anemia and increased susceptibility to infection, and is closely associated with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a group of bone marrow disorders with ineffective hematopoiesis.

The spleen, an important part of the lymphatic and immune systems, filters circulating blood, removes senescent erythrocytes, and supports immune function. Splenomegaly, pathological enlargement of the spleen, can exacerbate pancytopenia by sequestering and prematurely destroying blood cells.

This study examines the relationship between marrow dysfunction, splenic enlargement, and skeletal remodeling observed during cadaveric dissection to better understand the systemic effects of MDS.

Methods: …

Incidental Right Atrial Thrombus In A Patient With Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor And Secondary Erythrocytosis, Bryan C. Hernandez, Mauricio Soto, Umer Khan, Macy Rowan, Clifton Thomas

Research Day

Introduction Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare neoplasms arising from the endocrine cells of the pancreas and represent a small subset of pancreatic malignancies. Although they often follow an indolent clinical course, pNETs have a known propensity for metastatic spread, most commonly to the liver. Vascular invasion and tumor thrombus formation are uncommon but clinically significant complications that may result in life-threatening cardiopulmonary sequelae. We present a case of a 60-year-old male with a history of pancreatic tail neuroendocrine tumor status post distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, complicated by hepatic metastases and an incidental large right atrial thrombus identified on transthoracic …

Understanding Doxycycline-Induced Phototoxicity, Setareh Khani, Sydnee Jackson, Darya Khani, Rekha Yesudas

Research Day

Introduction: Doxycycline is a tetracycline-class antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30s ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing bacterial growth. It has a broad spectrum of clinical indications including treatment of Chlamydia infections, Lyme disease, Anthrax, Rickettsia, Atypical pneumonia, Staph aureus, Cholera, Acne vulgaris, and Traveler’s diarrhea, as well as malarial prophylaxis. Although generally well tolerated, effective and affordable, doxycycline is associated with several mild adverse effects like gastrointestinal distress and photosensitivity. One clinically significant adverse reaction is phototoxicity which occurs following exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In doxycycline-induced phototoxicity, the drug absorbs UV light and generates reactive oxygen …

Integration Of Artificial Intelligence Into Medical Student Learning: A Cross-Campus Analysis Of Student Use And Perceived Educational Impact, Cameron Vicknair, Joshua Owolabi, Jennifer H. Shaw

Research Day

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly integrated into medical education, yet limited data exists to describe how osteopathic medical students use AI and perceive its educational value. This study evaluated the prevalence, frequency, platforms, and educational applications of AI among osteopathic medical students, as well as perceived benefits and understanding of AI functionality.

A cross-sectional survey was distributed to first- and second-year osteopathic medical students across three campuses of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM). Descriptive statistics summarized AI use patterns, and inferential analyses compared outcomes across campuses and class years.

Among 160 respondents, 90.6% of students reported using …

The Comparative Efficacy Of Mediterranean And Dash Dietary Patterns In Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The Role Of Intensive Behavioral Counseling, Angel Edwards, Jennifer H. Shaw

Research Day

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of global mortality, and poor dietary patterns represent a major modifiable risk factor. The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets are evidence-based nutritional strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction; however, long-term effectiveness is often limited by suboptimal adherence when interventions rely solely on passive education rather than structured behavioral support.

Objective: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of the Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns in CVD prevention and to examine the impact of intensive behavioral counseling on adherence and long-term clinical outcomes.

Methods: A structured PubMed search was conducted for English-language, …

Socioeconomic Determinants Of Hypertension And Complications In Georgia: Age-Stratified Analysis Of The All Of Us Cohort, Daniel Chanelo, Marisela Benitez, Thomas Last

Research Day

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) contributes disproportionately to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Georgia. While demographic disparities in prevalence are well characterized, less is understood about how socioeconomic conditions shape both hypertension risk and downstream complication burden. We examined two questions: Question A - what factors are associated with hypertension presence compared to controls, and Question B - among hypertensive patients, what factors predict complications, with particular interest in whether associations varied by age stratum.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using the All of Us Controlled Tier dataset. Hypertension required ≥2 diagnostic codes. Participants were restricted to Georgia ZIP3 prefixes (300–319, 398), yielding …

Pain Management For Iud Insertion In Urban And Rural Areas, Hannah Da Cruz Smith, Emily Kate Reagin, Alize K. Berrios, Thomas Last

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: The Committee on Clinical Consensus-Gynecology made an announcement establishing a standard of care for managing pain during in-office cervical and uterine procedures, which led to varying practices in management for patients.

OBJECTIVES: Determine if pain management strategies significantly different in rural versus urban areas.

METHODS: Data were obtained from the NIH All of Us Research Program Controlled Tier database, including de-identified health records, surveys, demographics, procedures, and medication data. The cohort included patients assigned female at birth who underwent intrauterine device (IUD) insertion, using the first recorded procedure date. Pain medications analyzed included NSAIDs, acetaminophen, opioids, local anesthetics, benzodiazepines, …

Geographic Disparities In County-Level Access To Ecmo Centers Across The Southeastern United States, Daniel Chanelo, Thomas Last

Research Day

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a potentially lifesaving intervention for patients in refractory cardiac or respiratory failure, but getting patients to an ECMO-capable center quickly is as important as the technology itself. While prior national analyses have demonstrated geospatial disparities in ECMO access broadly, regional heterogeneity within the Southeastern United States remains incompletely characterized at the county level. This region is home to large rural populations distributed across health systems of markedly varying capacity, raising important questions about who can realistically reach an ECMO-capable center in time. We set out to map and quantify those gaps across six Southeastern …

Association Between Pm₂.₅ Air Pollution Exposure And County Level Psoriasis Prevalence: A Nationwide Ecological Study, Shihab Chowdhury, Thomas Last

Research Day

Introduction

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting approximately 3% of U.S. adults. While environmental exposures such as fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) have been implicated in systemic inflammation, their association with psoriasis at the population level remains unclear. This study modeled county level psoriasis prevalence across the United States and evaluated its ecological association with long term PM₂.₅ exposure from 2011 to 2014.

Methods

We used NHANES 2011-2014 data to fit a survey-weighted logistic regression model predicting psoriasis diagnosis based on sex, age group, race/ethnicity, education, and poverty level. These demographic coefficients were applied to U.S. Census-derived county populations …

Reducing Pain And Opioids In Hip Fracture Patients: The Role Of Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliaca Block In The Emergency Department, Lily Dwyer, Sydnee Jackson, Kaitlyn Baldwin, Setareh Khani, Nilam Vaughan

Research Day

Introduction

Hip fractures are a common and serious injury in the aging population and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, resulting from falls and age-related bone degeneration. As life expectancy increases, the number of new hip fractures worldwide is expected to exceed 6 million by 2050. Severe pain following a hip fracture is strongly associated with increased morbidity, delayed recovery, and prolonged hospitalizations, demonstrating the need for early and effective pain management strategies.

Traditionally, systemic opioids have been the primary treatment for acute hip fracture pain. However, opioid therapy is associated with several adverse effects, therefore, recent interest has …

Literature Review: Long-Term Effects Of Circumcised Neonates Vs Uncircumcised Neonates, Jada M. Glenn, Daphne Mlachila

Research Day

INTRODUCTION:

Circumcision is a widely practiced procedure, but as research has progressed, its value beyond a purely cosmetic or cultural purpose has come into question. Outside  of a religious context, circumcision has been popularized by the belief that it has significant medical benefits that justify the permanent removal of the foreskin in a neonate. These benefits include, but are not limited to, a reduction in urinary tract infections, transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, and penile cancer. However, recent studies have shown that these reductions are minimal, especially in countries where AIDS is no longer an epidemic. Other studies have also …

Implications Of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia And Undiagnosed Seminal Vesiculitis: A Literature Review, Lauren A. Labib, Azmeer Imran, Michael Elkomos, Emranul Huq

Research Day

Introduction

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly prevalent condition among aging men and a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). While BPH is extensively studied, inflammatory conditions of adjacent structures, particularly seminal vesiculitis, remain underrecognized. Undiagnosed seminal vesiculitis in patients with BPH may contribute to persistent urogenital symptoms, recurrent infections, fertility impairment, and post-procedural complications. The overlapping symptoms and shared inflammatory pathways between these conditions complicate diagnosis and management. This review evaluates the clinical implications of coexisting BPH and undiagnosed seminal vesiculitis.

Methods

A narrative review of the literature was conducted focusing on studies addressing BPH, seminal …