Digital Commons Network^™

Involving Men In Maternity Care In India, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anurag Mishra, Anjana Das, Emma Ottolenghi, Dale Huntington, Susan E. Adamchak, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan

Reproductive Health

The Men in Maternity study investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of a new, more comprehensive model of maternity care that encouraged husbands’ participation in their wives’ antenatal and postpartum care. The study was conducted in India, in collaboration with the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), Delhi Directorate at their primary health facilities called dispensaries. The study found that men accompanied their wives to the clinics and participated actively in the intervention. There were significant changes in family planning knowledge and behaviors of both men and women; although there was little acknowledgement of STI risk, knowledge and use of dual …

Including Married Adolescents In Adolescent Reproductive Health And Hiv/Aids Policy, Judith Bruce, Shelley Clark

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The majority of sexually active girls aged 15–19 in developing countries are married, and married adolescent girls tend to have higher rates of HIV infection than their sexually active, unmarried peers. Married adolescent girls represent a sizable fraction of adolescents at risk and experience some of the highest rates of HIV prevalence of any group. Nonetheless, married adolescents have been marginal in adolescent HIV/AIDS policies and programs and have not been the central subjects for programs aimed at adult married women. This paper offers a partial explanation for why married adolescents have so often been overlooked, the reasons why marriage …

Married Adolescents: A Review Of Programmes, Auralice Graft, Nicole Haberland, Rachel E. Goldberg

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Historically, major adolescent and reproductive health initiatives have failed to explicitly consider the needs of married adolescents. This paper provides insight into what is being done—or not being done—to support married adolescent girls and boys, how these populations’ needs are being conceptualized, and the extent to which social context is factored into program design. Some early work with adolescent mothers (married and unmarried) is considered. The degree to which selected adolescent programs have been able to reach married girls with their activities is briefly examined. A few basic parameters of potential interventions for married adolescents are presented, including an inventory …

The Experience Of Adolescence In Rural Amhara Region, Ethiopia, Annabel Erulkar, Tekle-Ab Mekbib, Negussie Simie, Tsehai Gulema

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This study aims to broaden the understanding of young lives in rural Ethiopia, specifically, Amhara Region. It finds that over half of the adolescents in the sample had never been to school. The most common reason for boys and girls not attending school was poverty, followed by early marriage for girls, and too many work responsibilities for boys. It finds that over half of the adolescents interviewed were illiterate. The study offers suggestions to address the programmatic needs of rural youth as well as neglected subgroups of adolescents.

Popular Perceptions Of Emerging Influences On Mortality And Longevity In Bangladesh And West Bengal, Sajeda Amin, Alaka Malwade Basu

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Although new environmental and pathological threats to human survival and longevity have been documented, relatively little is known about how these threats are perceived in the popular imagination. During fieldwork in rural Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, researching the changing costs of and motivations for reproduction, the authors included survey questions on respondents’ perceptions of changing mortality. Child-mortality levels were perceived to have fallen drastically in recent times, but for the middle-aged and the elderly, the past was seen as a better time in terms of health and survival. The decline in adult health is attributed to environmental deterioration and …

Long-Range Trends In Adult Mortality: Models And Projection Methods, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper has two objectives: (1) to test a new version of the logistic model for the pattern of change over time in age-specific adult mortality rates, and (2) to develop a new method for projecting future trends in adult mortality. A test of the goodness-of-fit of the logistic model for the force of mortality indicates that its slope parameter is nearly constant over time. This finding suggests a variant of the model that is called the shifting logistic model. A new projection method based on the shifting mortality model is proposed and compared with the widely …

The Effect Of A Livelihoods Intervention In An Urban Slum In India: Do Vocational Counseling And Training Alter The Attitudes And Behavior Of Adolescent Girls?, Barbara Mensch, Monica J. Grant, Mary Philip Sebastian, Paul C. Hewett, Dale Huntington

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper examines whether an experimental intervention for girls aged 14–19 that provided reproductive health information, vocational counseling and training, and assistance with opening savings accounts in slum areas of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh, India had an effect on their attitudes and behaviors. Although the livelihoods program was acceptable to parents and feasible to implement, the project had only a minimal impact on the behavior and attitudes of adolescent girls in the experimental slums. The greatest changes between the baseline and the endline surveys were found in those outcomes that most closely reflected the content of the …

Half A Century Of Dna, Di̇cle Güç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Melatonin On 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase: An In Vitro And In Vivo Study, İlhami̇ Gülçi̇n, Şükrü Beydemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Melatonin is known to influence a variety of biological processes including circadian rhythms, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular and immune functions as well as thermoregulation. Melatonin is the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, although it is also produced in other organs. In this study, in vitro effects of melatonin on 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes and in vivo effects of melatonin on 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from rat (Sprague-Dawley) erythrocytes were studied. Human erythrocyte 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was purified in 3 steps, namely haemolysate preparation, ammonium sulphate fractionation (35-65%) and 2´,5´-ADP Sepharose-4B affinity gel chromatography. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was purified with a recovery rate …

Apert Syndrome, İlknur Kiliç, Yildirim Baykara, C. Nur Semerci̇, Hacer Ergi̇n, N. Lale Şatiroğlu Tufan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

ILIÇ^1, Yıldırım BAYKARA^1, C. Nur SEMERCİ^2, Hacer ERGİN^1, N. Lale ŞATIROĞLU TUFAN^2 ^1 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli - Turkey ^2 Department of Medical Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli - Turkey

Reproductive Biology In A Native European Catfish, Silurus Glanis L., 1758, Population In Menzelet Reservoir, Ahmet Alp, Cemi̇l Kara, Hakan Murat Büyükçapar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The reproductive activities of Silurus glanis were investigated over 12 months in Menzelet Reservoir, in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey. Total length of the examined 245 S. glanis varied from 33.4 cm (220 g) to 195.0 cm (48,000 g), and age distribution ranged between 1 and 14. Observations on the seasonal distribution of the maturity stages and variations in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) confirmed that Silurus glanis has a prolonged spawning period extending from the beginning of June to August. The males mature earlier than the females, at a minimum size of 78.82 cm in total length and at …

Can We Use Vitamin E As An Anti-Tumoral Agent For The Treatment Of Tumors In Fish?, Olcay Hi̇sar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Gnrh Administration On Plasma Progesterone And Reproductive Performance In Ewes, Mehmet Aki̇f Çam, Mehmet Kuran, Erdoğan Selçuk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of GnRH administration at mating and on day 12 post-mating on the reproductive performance of Karayaka and Sakız x Karayaka (F_2) crossbred sheep. In the first experiment, ewes were allocated into a control group (K, n = 27), and groups administered 4 µg GnRH at mating (A, n = 27), on day 12 post-mating (AS, n = 30) and both at mating and on day 12 post-mating (AAS, n = 30). GnRH administration in the A and AS groups increased plasma progesterone concentrations (P < 0.01). The pregnancy rate at first mating in the AS group (86.7%) was higher than those in the ASS (66.7%), A (51.9%) and K (51.9%) groups (P < 0.01). There was no difference between the treatment groups in terms of litter sizes (1.31, 1.21, 1.21 and 1.20 for AS, K, A and ASS, respectively). In the second experiment, ewes were allocated into 2 groups, a control group (K, n = 70) and a group administered 4 µg GnRH on day 12 post-mating (AS, n = 73). The pregnancy rate at first mating was 71.4% and 80.8% (P > 0.05) and litter size was 1.24 and …

Introducing A New Approach To Estimating Red Meat Production In Turkey, Fahri̇ Yavuz, Carl R. Zulauf

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A common concern with official estimates of red meat production in Turkey is that they underestimate the level of production. One of the frequently cited reasons is that unregulated slaughter is undercounted. This study uses an estimation method based on the biology of red meat production to examine the potential impact of this undercounting. The production estimates obtained for 1991-1998 using this biological-based method exceed the numbers estimated by official organizations, but fall within the range of estimates obtained from other proposed approaches to estimating red meat production.

The Reproduction Biology Of Chub (Leuciscus Cephalus L. 1758) In Topçam Dam Lake (Aydın, Turkey), Hüseyi̇n Şaşi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the reproduction biology of 332 chub (Leuciscus cephalus L. 1758) was studied from June, 1999, to June, 2000, on a monthly basis in Topçam Dam Lake. Egg numbers were estimated in 65 females caught just prior to spawning. The sex and age compositions of chub were determined. The specimens were composed of 27.11% males and 72.89% females. Male and female chub become sexually mature in the second year of their life spans. Spawning is in March and April. The fecundity of chub varies from 2100-66,400 per female. The average egg diameter was between 0.391 and 0.744 mm …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2004), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2004 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates
• 5 Point Plan
• In Memoriam Albert F. D’Alonzo, DO ’56
• Stem Cell Research
• The O. J. Snyder Memorial Medal Recipient
• Mason W. Pressly Memorial Medal Recipient
• The Closing of Parkview Hospital
• Cover Story: It’s our Move: Creating Training Opportunities in a Shrinking Health Care Delivery System
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• PCOM Alumni Weekend 2004
• PCOM Events

Patterns Of Variations In Escherichia Coli Strains That Produce Cytolethal Distending Toxin, Carol L. Pickett, Robert B. Lee, Aysegul Eyigor, Ben Elitzur, Emily M. Fox, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

A collection of 20 Escherichia coli strains that produce cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) were analyzed for their virulence-associated genes. All of these strains were serotyped, and multiplex PCR analysis was used to ascertain the presence of genes encoding other virulence factors, including Shiga toxin, intimin, enterohemolysin, cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) and CNF2, heat-stable toxin, and heat-labile toxin. These CDT-producing strains possessed various combinations of known virulence genes, some of which have not been noted before. Partial cdtB sequences were obtained from 10 of these strains, and their predicted CdtB sequences were compared to known E. coli CdtB sequences; …

Evaluation Of An In Vitro Blood-Based Assay To Detect Production Of Interferon-Γ By Mycobacterium Bovis–Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters, Diana L. Whipple, Ralph E. Slaughter, Stephen L. Jones

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in captive Cervidae was identified as an important disease in the United States in 1990 and prompted the addition of captive Cervidae to the USDA Uniform Methods and Rules for eradication of bovine tuberculosis. As well, M. bovis infection was identified in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northeast Michigan in 1995. Tuberculosis in both captive and free-ranging Cervidae represents a serious challenge to the eradication of M. bovis infection from the United States. Currently, the only approved antemortem tests for tuberculosis in Cervidae are the intradermal tuberculin skin test and the blood tuberculosis test (BTB). At …

Yeast Genome-Wide Drug-Induced Haploinsufficiency Screen To Determine Drug Mode Of Action, Kristin Baetz, Lianne Mchardy, Ken Gable, Tamsin Tarling, Delphine Rebérioux, Jenny Bryan, Raymond J. Andersen, Teresa Dunn, Phil Hieter, Michel Roberge

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Published in PNAS (2004) 101(13): pp. 4525-4530; doi:10.1073/pnas.0307122101

Amelioration Of Proteolipid Protein 139–151-Induced Encephalomyelitis In Sjl Mice By Modified Amino Acid Copolymers And Their Mechanisms, Joel N.H. Stern, Zsolt Illés, Jay Reddy, Derin B. Keskin, Eric Sheu, Masha Fridkis-Hareli, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Celia F. Brosnan, Laura Santambrogio, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Jack L. Strominger

Jay Reddy Publications

Copolymer 1 [Cop1, glatiramer acetate, Copaxone, poly(Y,E,A,K)n] is widely used in the treatment of relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis in which it reduces the frequency of relapses by ≈30%. In the present study, copolymers with modified amino acid compositions (based on the binding motif of myelin basic protein 85–99 to HLA-DR2) have been developed with the aim of suppressing multiple sclerosis more effectively. The enhanced efficacy of these copolymers in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in SJL/J mice with proteolipid protein 139–151 was demonstrated by using three protocols: (i) simultaneous administration of autoantigen and copolymer (termed prevention), (ii) …

Incremental Genetic K-Means Algorithm And Its Application In Gene Expression Data Analysis, Yi Lu, Shiyong Lu, Farshad Fotouhi, Youping Deng, Susan J. Brown

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

In recent years, clustering algorithms have been effectively applied in molecular biology for gene expression data analysis. With the help of clustering algorithms such as K-means, hierarchical clustering, SOM, etc, genes are partitioned into groups based on the similarity between their expression profiles. In this way, functionally related genes are identified. As the amount of laboratory data in molecular biology grows exponentially each year due to advanced technologies such as Microarray, new efficient and effective methods for clustering must be developed to process this growing amount of biological data.

Results

In this paper, we propose a new clustering …

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Administration Is Associated With High Pregnancy Rates During Ovarian Stimulation And Timed Intercourse Or Intrauterine Insemination, Mohamed F. Mitwally, Sonya Abdel-Razeq, Robert F. Casper

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

There are different factors that influence treatment outcome after ovarian stimulation and timed-intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI). After patient age, it has been suggested that timing of insemination in relation to ovulation is probably the most important variable affecting the success of treatment. The objective of this study is to study the value of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and occurrence of luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in timing insemination on the treatment outcome after follicular monitoring with timed-intercourse or intrauterine insemination, with or without ovarian stimulation.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 2000 consecutive completed treatment cycles (637 timed-intercourse and …

Low Dose Intravenous Minocycline Is Neuroprotective After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Reperfusion In Rats, Lin Xu, Susan C. Fagan, Jennifer L. Waller, David Edwards, Cesar V. Borlongan, Jianqing Zheng, William D. Hill, Giora Feuerstein, David C. Hess

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, is an effective neuroprotective agent in animal models of cerebral ischemia when given in high doses intraperitoneally. The aim of this study was to determine if minocycline was effective at reducing infarct size in a Temporary Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion model (TMCAO) when given at lower intravenous (IV) doses that correspond to human clinical exposure regimens.

Methods

Rats underwent 90 minutes of TMCAO. Minocycline or saline placebo was administered IV starting at 4, 5, or 6 hours post TMCAO. Infarct volume and neurofunctional tests were carried out at 24 hr after TMCAO using …

Interdisciplinary Research And Publication Opportunites In Information Systems And Health Care, E. Vance Wilson, Nancy K. Lankton

Accounting Faculty Research

Healthcare is a large and growing industry that is experiencing major transformation in its information technology base. IS confronted similar transformations in other industries and developed theories and methods that should prove useful in healthcare applications. In turn, IS may benefit from incorporating knowledge from health informatics, a discipline that studies IT within medical and healthcare contexts. Despite the benefits, it is often a struggle for interdisciplinary researchers in IS and healthcare to publish their work, especially in journals directed toward IS audiences. In this paper, we outline strategies and resources to help ease this publication bottleneck. As a part …

University Of Texas At Tyler Catalog, 2004-2006, University Of Texas At Tyler

Catalogs

Archives Space instance: https://archivesspace.uttyler.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/22360

Did A Rising Tide Lift All Boats? The Nih Budget And Pediatric Research Portfolio, Daniel P. Gitterman, Robert S. Greenwood, Keith C. Kocis, Rick Mayes, Aaron N. Mckethan

Political Science Faculty Publications

This paper examines National Institutes of Health (NIH) pediatric research spending in absolute terms and relative to the doubling of the NIH overall budget between fiscal years 1998 and 2003. Pediatric spending increased by an average annual rate of 12.8 percent during the doubling period (almost on par with the NIH average annual growth rate of 14.7 percent). However, the proportion of the total NIH budget devoted to the pediatric portfolio declined from 12.3 to 11.3 percent. We offer recommendations for implementing existing commitments to strengthen the pediatric research portfolio and to protect the gains of the doubling period.

Cognitive Impact Of Interactive Multimedia, Yanko F. Michea,

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Technology has been gradually introduced in heath education. One of the most attractive features of this technology-based education is the use of multimedia. In this article we explore the research evidence about the role that multimedia is playing in education. From that analysis we describe the most relevant features of this technology to prepare a common ground of discussion about the evaluation of its impact on educational outcomes. As part of this analysis, we organize current research evidence on the use of technology in medical education, distinguishing diverse variables involved in the process, like knowledge (declarative, procedural), learner characteristics, curricular …

Drive, Incentive, And Reinforcement: The Antecedents And Consequences Of Motivation, Roy Wise

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The aim of scientific explanation is to characterize the important antecedents of observable (or at least objectively confirmable) events. Explanations of behavior in terms of motivational states are appeals to unobservable, internal events for interpretations of behavior that is variable under apparently constant external stimulus conditions (see, e.g., Brown, 1953; Hinde, 1960). To be identified as the cause of a behavior, the unobservable event or condition must preexist the behavioral event to be explained. A behavior cannot be explained by its consequences, though it may be explained as a consequence of similar events in the animal's history. Scientific explanation involves …

Why Be Nice? Psychological Constraints On The Evolution Of Cooperation, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Animals often aid others without gaining any immediate benefits. Although these acts seem to reduce the donor’s fitness, they are only apparently altruistic. Donors typically help because they or their kin receive future benefits or avoid costly punishment. Reciprocal altruism— alternating the roles of donor and recipient—has been a well-studied form of cooperation among non-kin because of its intuitive appeal in explaining human cooperation. Despite immense theoretical interest, little empirical evidence substantiates the biological importance of reciprocal altruism in non-human animals. We propose that this is because psychological mechanisms constrain its application in cooperative contexts. In particular, we contend that …

Relationship Between Extent Of Extracurricular Participation, Employment, And Substance Use Among Middle And High School Students, Lynn Hunt Long

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the relationship between student use of substances and extent of participation in school and/or community sponsored sport or nonsport activity. The study also examined student substance use and extent of participation in sport or nonsport activity together with extent of employment.

Data were provided by 24,699 public school youths who attended grades 6 through 12 and completed the 2001-2002 Duval Secondary Substance Use and Violence Survey: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors. Frequency tables, crosstabulation, chi-square tests, and loglinear analysis were used to analyze the data.

The study found: (a) a higher percentage of respondents who participated in 11 …