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Incarceration And Suicide: Do The Risk Factors Differ For Civilians And Veterans?, Rheannon Gail Ramsey

Dissertations and Theses

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in United States jails and prisons. Many researchers have looked at suicides in prisons and what can potentially cause suicidal ideation but there are conflicting findings among civilian incarcerated populations and United States military veteran incarcerated populations.

The intent of this study is to examine which risk factors are most prevalent among adults in custody, with a focus on mental health and substance use or abuse and how these risk factors differ between incarcerated civilians and incarcerated veterans. Using survey data from the 2002 Survey of Inmates in Local Jails conducted …

The Intersection Of Hiv, Covid-19 And Systemic Racism, Gary F. Spinner

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic has taken the greatest toll on racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Blacks and Latinxs suffer greater disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality from HIV as compared with Whites. Similarly, the Covid-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has disproportionately affected Blacks, Latinxs, and Native Americans causing higher rates of infection, more severe disease, and higher rates of mortality as compared with Whites. The pandemic of racism is as ubiquitous as the pandemics of HIV and Covid-19. Its sustaining forces drive wealth inequality, poverty, racially segregated and overcrowded housing, unequal employment opportunities, unequal …

Health Disparities And Covid-19 Pandemic: Increasing Clinical Research Participation Among African Americans, Kashica J. Webber-Ritchey, Abbi D. Lane-Cordova

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Health disparities in African Americans is a persistent issue. Higher rates and severity of the novel coronavirus-19 [COVID-19] among African Americans only widens health disparities. Effective COVID-19 treatment options are imperative, requiring representation of African Americans in clinical research. However, low participation and under-representation of African Americans is complex in nature. This article describes health disparities, the impact of COVID-19, and participation in clinical research among African Americans. We offer strategies for researchers to enhance the inclusion of African Americans. We also offer strategies in conducting clinical research during COVID-19.

Lessons From The Health Care Innovation Awards: Productively Engaging Vulnerable Populations To Address Social Determinants Of Health, Maysoun Freij, Megan Skillman, Caitlin Cross-Barnet, Rachel Friedman Singer, Christina Rotondo, Michelle Dougherty, Sarah Ruiz, Adil Moiduddin, Lynne Page Snyder

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objectives: This paper examines productive interactions—a cornerstone of the Chronic Care Model—between health care providers and vulnerable populations with chronic illnesses and/or disabilities. Methods: We conducted qualitative analysis of 16 focus groups and 29 interviews with patients and/or caregivers and 195 interviews with program leadership and providers across 15 Health Care Innovation Awards that targeted vulnerable populations. We analyzed how awardees addressed health concerns and social determinants of health (SDOH), and identified key components of productive interactions. Results: Providers achieved productive interactions through four primary strategies: establishing trust and showing respect; solving problems; building accuracy in health …

Child-Centered Play Therapy’S Impact On Externalized Behaviors Of Children Who Have Experienced Trauma: A Single-Case Research Design, Timothy "T.J." Schoonover

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are defined as exposure to emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, loss of a parent, domestic violence, family member with addiction, family member with depression or mental illness, and family member incarcerated (Felitti et al., 1998). ACEs have been studied for many years and have shown to have long term negative health and social-emotional outcomes and costs the world over $1 trillion a year (Bellis et al., 2019; Felitti et al., 1998; Hughes et al., 2017). Due to the emotional, physical, and dollar amount cost to not addressing the impact of ACEs …

The Effects Of Mental Illness On Capital Sentencing In The State Of Oregon, Mirtill E. Csikos

University Honors Theses

There is emerging awareness on the potential arbitrariness and unconstitutionality of executing persons with mental illness. Most states with current death penalty laws have little to no protection for severely mentally ill defendants during capital trials. The present paper looked at the effectiveness of sentencing statutes serving the purpose of protecting defendants with severe mental illness in the state of Oregon. Through a careful meta-analysis this research focused on determining how mental illness plays into death penalty decisions and if Oregon’s Guilty Except for Insanity defense provides sufficient protection. Furthermore, the question of mental illness as a mitigating factor was …

The Psychedelic Renaissance: A Convergence Of Indigenous Knowledge And Science, Ronan K. Peck

University Honors Theses

In recent times, psychedelics have come back into the public eye, mostly through scientific intrigue about their healing potential. In the past decade, hundreds of studies have been conducted to explore the possible benefits, or risks, that these substances could bring to people – and there is great potential being found. This is the psychedelic renaissance, and with this phenomenon in full swing, it is important to take a step back and look at the full picture of our history with these substances. By doing so, it starts to become clear that psychedelics have guided human perception and understanding of …

An Investigation Of Occupational Therapy Utilizing Sensory Modulation To Manage Co-Morbid Chronic Pain And Substance Use In Order To Promote Occupational Performance And Recovery, Claire Ruth

Student Capstone Papers

Background: Those with chronic pain have worse drug and alcohol treatment outcomes and higher rates of relapse compared to those without pain or with reduced pain (Ilgen et al., 2020).

Methods: A descriptive study was employed with the aim of determining what are the sensory processing pattens of those with co-morbid chronic pain and in recovery for substance use. All participants completed the Adolescent and Adult Sensory Profile, the Brief Pain Inventory, and the Personal Recovery Outcome Measure (PROM).

Results: From the preliminary findings, individuals with co-morbid chronic pain and substance use may have atypical sensory processing …

Comprehensive And Compassionate Responses For Opioid Use Disorder Among Pregnant And Parenting Women., Dennis J. Hand, Alice C. Fischer, Meghan L. Gannon, Kimberly A. Mclaughlin, Vanessa L. Short, Diane J. Abatemarco

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder face multiple challenges to recovery. Trauma histories, poverty, stigma and discrimination, and lack of access to treatment intersect to marginalise this population. It is important that pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder receive comprehensive care to improve their health, the health of their child(ren), and prevent the intergenerational transmission of opioid and other substance use disorders. For nearly 50 years the Maternal Addiction Treatment, Education, and Research program has provided an evolving and expanding range of comprehensive services for treating opioid and other substance use disorders in this population. In …

Social Determinants Of Health And Care Outcomes Among People With Hiv In The United States, Timothy W. Menza, Lindsay K. Hixson, Lauren E. Lipira, Linda Drach

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

Fewer than 70% of people with HIV (PWH) in the United States have achieved durable viral suppression. To end the HIV epidemic in the United States, clinicians, researchers, and public health practitioners must devise ways to remove barriers to effective HIV treatment. To identify PWH who experience challenges to accessing health care, we created a simple assessment of social determinants of health (SDOH) among PWH and examined the impact of cumulative social and economic disadvantage on key HIV care outcomes.

Understanding The Stigma And Feasibility Of Opening A Safe Injection Facility In Baltimore City: A Qualitative Case Study, Timothy Dupree, Caroline I. Wood, Andrea M. Brace

The Qualitative Report

Supervised injection facilities (SIFs) are medically supervised facilities designed to provide a hygienic environment in which drug users can consume illicit drugs intravenously. SIFs can be cost saving, help to reduce transmission of disease, and decrease drug overdoses. There are no SIFs in the United States. In this study we used a multiple case study design to understand the stigma surrounding the use of a SIF and the feasibility of implementing the drug prevention strategy in Baltimore City by comparing experiences with opening a SIF in Sydney, Australia. We interviewed one healthcare worker at the Sydney SIF and ten community …

A Systematic Review Of Mental Illness, Criminogenic Risk, And The U.S. Prison System, Eliza Esquibel

Student Works

The incarceration rates in the United States are the highest in the world. Within the U.S. prison population, mental illness is overrepresented as compared to the general population. The present study examined existing literature that researched the connection between the prison system and mental illness, and the potential solutions to this crisis. The studies looked at focused on psychiatric disorders, substance disorders, and trauma. They also focused on the intersection between race, mental illness, and the prison system, and the intersection between mental illness, gender, and the prison system. These studies revealed a high prevalence of untreated mental illness in …

Life Skill Development And Its Impact On Perceived Stress, Employment And Education Pursuits: A Study Of Young Adults With A History Of Homelessness And Trauma, Josephine Beker, Tina M. Deangelis

Student Journal of Occupational Therapy

An occupational therapy educational training group for young adults in permanent supported housing was developed, implemented and evaluated with pre-post outcome measures including Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). The study explored stress levels and employment-related goals of individuals who have aged out of the foster care system and may also have had a history of chronic homelessness and trauma. Results demonstrated a trend towards significance in perceived stress 9Z=1.689, p=0.91) with 7 of 8 participants surpassing the expected outcome according to GAS. Limitations included a small convenience sample (n=8), inconsistent attendance and use of self-report …

An Occupation-Based Program To Promote Mental Health Of At-Risk Youth In An After-Care Setting, Alexa Smith

Student Capstone Papers

The disproportionate tendency for young adults from disadvantaged backgrounds to shift from schools to the juvenile justice system is referred to as the “school to prison pipeline”. Treating and preventing mental health difficulties is within the scope of occupational therapy, and while the school system assists in mental health treatment, there is a lack of mental health supporting services in after-care settings. The purpose of the program development project is to increase the supportive mental health services provided to at-risk youth in the after-care setting. The project ran mental health group sessions using Cole’s Seven Step Model with participant groups …

American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma Prevention Committee Review: Family Justice Centers-A Not-So-Novel, But Unknown Gem, Thomas K. Duncan, Ronald Stewart, Kimberly Joseph, Deborah A. Kuhls, Tracey Dechert, Sharven Taghavi, Stephanie Bonne, Kazuhide Matsushima

School of Medicine Faculty Research

The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma requires that trauma centers demonstrate adequate financial support for an injury prevention program as part of the verification process. With the ongoing challenges that arise with important social determinants of health, trauma centers have the important task of navigating a patient through the complex process of obtaining services and tools for success. This summary from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Prevention Committee focuses on a model that has been present for several years, but has not been brought to full awareness in the trauma world. It highlights the importance …

Developing A Diagnostic Tool Of A Community’S Health, Ruth Kurtycz

Dissertations

Where we live can affect nearly every aspect of our lives, including how long those lives will be. Previous studies have demonstrated large health disparities between communities in the United States; since the health of a community can significantly impact its residents, evaluating and predicting community health is of interest to many people. Currently the Federal government collects and publishes data on community-level demographics, housing, crime rates, and disease. State-level and non-governmental agencies track and share community housing prices, school performance, neighborhood safety, and other characteristics. In short, there is a wealth of information but the work being done around …

Management Of Intimate Partner Violence In Health Care Settings: A Training Manual For Health Care Providers, Division Of Reproductive And Maternal Health

Reproductive Health

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is any behavior by an intimate partner that causes physical, sexual, or psychological harm. In healthcare settings where providers are well trained, caring, and sensitive, most survivors respond positively to being asked about their exposure to violence. Healthcare providers are in a unique position to identify survivors and offer appropriate management and referrals. The World Health organization developed clinical guidelines to provide evidence-based guidance to healthcare providers on the identification and appropriate response to IPV and sexual violence. Based on this guidance, the Ministry of Health developed a comprehensive training manual to empower healthcare providers with …

Criminal Thinking Styles And Criminal Social Identity Among Juvenile Delinquents: Moderating Role Of Parenting Styles, Fatima Sana, Muhammad Rafiq, Muhammad Nasar Iqbal

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Parenting is considered imperative in the development of juvenile's cognitions, and beliefs. The parent-child relationship might significantly influence juvenile’s thought patterns and social communications. Different parenting styles perhaps indicate criminal involvement of juveniles, resultantly turns them into delinquent. The present study was done to discover whether parental authority styles moderate the path that links criminal thinking styles to criminal social identity amongst juvenile delinquents. Participants of the study were 211 juvenile delinquents who responded on Juvenile Criminal Thinking Styles’ Inventory (Sana & Rafiq, 2019), Measure of Criminal Social Identity (Boduszek, et al., 2012), Parental Authority Questionnaire (Babree, 1997) and approached …

Medicate And Segregate: How Due Process Fails To Protect Mentally Ill Inmates From Medically Inappropriate Confinement And Restraint, Peter J. Teravskis

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Use Of The Prescription Drug Monitoring Program For Substance Abuse Monitoring And Pain Management, Crystal P. Beddard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

The United States is in an opioid epidemic. The comitant use of opiates and benzodiazepines can ultimately result in death. This project consisted of a quality improvement approach addressing the continued need to educate prescribers on coprescribing benzodiazepines and opioids to the adult population. A qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis was utilized for data collection. The results will assist in determining if accessing the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) and utilizing evidence-based guidelines before prescribing treatment compared to the nonutilization of the PDMP and evidence-based guidelines aid in the reduction of mortality and overdose rates within a three-month period. …

Identifying The Cost Of Preventable Chronic Disease In Prison: Can Illness Prevention Of Adults In Custody Save Money?, Molly Bineham

Dissertations and Theses

This study investigates the cost of preventable health problems and ailments when compared to other costs of incarceration. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of imprisonment on the costliest chronic illness. The health of adults in custody related to the general population and the overall fiscal cost of the deadliest chronic illness among incarcerated adults is discussed. Linear regression is used to analyze the occurrence of heart disease and diabetes among adults in custody while controlling for other factors. The results of this analysis provide insight that chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes should be …

Review Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (Fasd) Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Sharynne Hamilton, Michael Doyle, Carol Bower

Australian Indigenous HealthBulletin

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a preventable, lifelong disability that disproportionately affects Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the available information on FASD among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, with reference to the limitations on population-based data and evaluated programs. The review outlines; the harms of alcohol use in the context of colonisation, cultural perspectives on assessment and diagnosis, effective prevention programs and a summary of state and national policies. Health impacts, educational outcomes and the effects of FASD on vulnerable populations such as children in protection and young people in …

Development Of An Ehealth Harm Reduction Resource To Address Opioid Use Among Youth In Rural Northern California, Carolyn Perrotti Lake

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Problem: Opioid use and misuse is a leading cause of injury and death among adolescents and young adults in the United States, with a three-fold increase in opioid overdoses since 2000 (Carney et al., 2018; Hudgins et al., 2019). Opioid misuse correlates with misuse of other substances, which exponentially increases health risks over time. The most effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) among adolescence is through effective prevention interventions that either prevent the development of the OUD or enable timely diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent poor health outcomes.

Context: The use of eHealth technology, which has …

The Impact Of Human Trafficking Training On Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge And Attitudes, Hayoung Lee, Julia Geynisman-Tan, Sarah Hofer, Emily Anderson, Sahar Caravan, Kanani Titchen

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate a CME-accredited human trafficking didactic and discussion-based training for healthcare professionals by comparing participant knowledge and attitudes on human trafficking before and after attending the training. Methods: A novel 18-item survey was developed to test the knowledge of and attitudes towards human trafficking. Participants of 17 standardized trainings delivered by 4 physician-trainers over a two-year period were invited to take a pre-test and 2 post-tests at 1-week and 6-months post training. Surveys were anonymously collected and linked to each participant with a de-identified number. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with …

Exploring The Role Of Core Positive Selves With Men Convicted Of Child Sexual Offenses: A Character Strengths Initiative, Tiffany A. Miner

Individual, Family, and Community Education ETDs

The aim of this study was to help men convicted of child sexual offenses learn to recognize and engage their character strengths over 12 months. Participants were six men convicted of contact and noncontact (internet) child sexual offenses. All participants were members of a community-based reintegration group for registered citizens. In the first weeks of the study, participants received the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths survey. The survey, containing 240 questions—10 items for each of the 24 character strengths outlined—helped participants identify their top character strengths. The study explored (a) how the men could use their character strengths to …

Age At First Alcohol Use And Weapon Carrying Among Adolescents: Findings From The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Philip Baiden, Nusrat Jahan, Henry K. Onyeaka, Shawndaya Thrasher, Savarra Tadeo, Erin Findley

Social Work Graduate Research

Background
Although studies have investigated the association between alcohol use and violent behaviors such as weapon carrying, few studies have examined the association between age at first alcohol use and weapon-carrying among adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between age at first alcohol use and weapon carrying among adolescents.

Methods
Data for this study came from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 13,442 adolescents aged 14–18 years old (51% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated in this study was weapon carrying during the past 30 days, …

The Canine-Campus Connection, Mary Renck Jalongo

New Directions in the Human-Animal Bond

A primary mission of universities is promoting student success and well-being. Many college and university personnel have implemented initiatives that offer students the documented benefits of positive human-animal interaction (HAI). Accumulating evidence suggests that assistance dogs, therapy dogs, and shelter dogs can support student wellness and learning. The best programs balance the welfare of humans and canines while assessing students’ needs and complying with all laws and regulations. Contributors to this edited volume have drawn upon research across many disciplines as well as their extensive practical experiences to produce a timely and valuable resource—for administrators and students. Whether readers are …

Education For Healthcare Providers, Nurses, And The Public On Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia, Jenny Greene

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Project

This project evaluated the knowledge of the public, healthcare providers, and nurses regarding opioid induced hyperalgesia (OIH). OIH is an elevated pain response because of high dosage or chronic use of opioids. Opioids are a problem not only in the United States but throughout the world; addiction, constipation, and overdose are the most frequently mentioned consequences of opioids. Little is known about other consequences to the body caused by chronic or high dose opioid usage, such as OIH. This project sought to increase awareness and caution against the utilization of opioids by patients and their healthcare providers and nurses practice. …

Increasing Patient Access To Medication-Assisted Treatment Programs For Opioid Use Disorder, Matthew J. Bednarchik

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

The project sought to explore the perceived need for Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder among primary care providers in a rural central Illinois county. This project’s primary goal was to measure the prevalence of OUD in the community and the likelihood of primary care providers referring to an outpatient MAT program. A secondary objective was to utilize the survey results as a tool for the development of a MAT program. A cohort of twenty-five primary care providers were invited to participate in a survey to assess the perceived prevalence of OUD as well as the need for increased …

Physical Well-Being And Healthy Lifestyle Options, Michael Perkins

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Background

The AANA has identified stress management or wellness as a priority for all CRNA programs. The Health and Wellness Initiative put in place by the AANA in 2004 is a model designed for all SRNA programs and intended to address students’ participation in wellness events in order to combat stressors.

The primary purpose of this project was to gain information about the stress faced by SRNAs enrolled at a Midwestern University and to evaluate strategies that could help students properly deal with stress.

Methods and Evaluation

Fifty-five students participated in the survey, data were compared by year in the …