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The Auxiliary System Of Typically Developing Children Acquiring African American English, Brandi Lynette Newkirk

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study’s purpose was to examine the acquisition and use of BE, DO, and modal auxiliaries by African American English (AAE)-speaking children. The impetus for this work was the lack of information regarding the developmental trajectory of these auxiliary types and their use, in AAE relative to what is known about auxiliary acquisition and use in Mainstream American English (MAE). The study used two datasets of language samples: one that contained 48 language samples from 3 ½-year-old children and one that contained 36 longitudinal language samples of five children who were between 18 and 51 months of age. Results from …

Behaviors And Beliefs Of African American Caregivers As Related To Their Children's Language-Literacy Development, Lekeitha Renee' Morris

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study examined African American (AA) caregivers’ beliefs about their children’s language-literacy development and their book reading behaviors with their children as a function of socioeconomic status (SES). Caregivers’ behaviors were examined before, during, and after a three-day caregiver training program that targeted four behaviors (i.e., tracking print, reference to print, text to life, and interpretations). Participants were 20 caregiver-child dyads classified as Low-SES (LSES) or Middle-SES (MSES) based on the caregivers’ level of education. Children were typically developing girls between the ages of four and five years. At pre-test, the two groups of caregivers differed in some of their …

Investigation Of Speech Samples From Typically Developing Preschool Age Children: A Comparison Of Single Words And Imitated Sentences Elicited With The Paba-E, Matthew William Olsen

Dissertations and Theses

Assessment of speech sound production in young children provides the basis for diagnosis and treatment of speech sound disorders. Standardized single-word articulation tests are typically used for identification of speech sound errors because they can provide an efficient means of obtaining a speech sample for analysis and comparison to same-age peers. A major criticism of single-word articulation tests is that they may not accurately reflect speech sound production abilities in conversation. Comparison of performance in single-word and conversational contexts has produced conflicting results in the available research.

The purpose of the present study was to compare speech samples obtained using …

The Experience Of Retirement For Individuals With An Intellectual Disability, Megan Flowers

Theses : Honours

Retirement is a significant life transition that affects all workers; it is therefore important that individuals in the workforce are aware of the issues that can occur during the retirement years. The retirement experience has been researched in depth, however studies into the experience of retirement for individuals with an intellectual disability is severely lacking. Robert Atchley researched the factors that facilitate successful retirement adjustment for individuals in the normative population; this narrative review discusses these factors in relation to the barriers that individuals with an intellectual disability face in achieving a smooth retirement adjustment. The results found that: individuals …

Coherence In Stories Told By Adults With Aphasia, Heather Harris Wright, Anthony Koutsoftas, Gerasimos Fergadiotis, Gilson Capilouto

Speech and Hearing Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Discourse coherence is the conceptual organization of discourse and it can be subdivided into two types: global and local. Of interest for the current study is global coherence; that is, how the discourse relates to the overall topic (Glosser & Deser, 1990). Coherence has been measured in persons with aphasia (PWA) using different elicitation tasks (e.g., recounts, story retelling, event-casts) and different scoring methods (ie., rating scales, coherence, violations, total counts) and results have varied across studies (Christianson, 1995; Coelho & Flewellyn, 2003; Glosser & Deser, 1990; Ulatowska, et al., 2004). These differences may reflect differences in how coherence is …

Discrimination Of Tone Contrasts In Mandarin Disyllables By Naïve American English Listeners, Shari Salzhauer Berkowitz

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The present study examined the perception of Mandarin disyllabic tones by inexperienced American English speakers. Participants heard two naturally-produced Mandarin disyllables, and indicated if the two were the same or different. A small native Mandarin-speaking control group participated as well. All 21 possible Mandarin contrasts where the initial syllable varied but the final syllable stayed the same were tested. Acoustic analysis was performed on the stimuli under study. Mandarin subjects scored at ceiling on all contrasts. American English subjects performed poorly on contrasts where the difference in mean F0 was small, or where the difference in the offset F0 of …

Target Enzyme Mutations Are The Molecular Basis For Resistance Towards Pharmacological Inhibition Of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase, Uffe H. Olesen, Jakob G. Petersen, Antje Garten, Wieland Kiess, Jun Yoshino, Shin-Ichiro Imai, Mette K. Christensen, Peter Fristrup, Annemette V. Thougaard, Fredrik Björkling, Peter B. Jensen, Søren J. Nielsen, Maxwell Sehested

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Child Acquisition Of Referring Expressions, Carlton M. Downey

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Children, like adults, use referring expressions to refer to specific objects, events, or people. Research has provided insights into how children use referring expressions and the appearance of forms developmentally (Radford, 1990; Abu-Akel, et al., 2004; Pine & Lieven, 1997). This study examined how three, four, and five year-old children use referring expressions across increasingly more decontextualized tasks as defined by the Situational-Discourse-Semantic (SDS) Model (Norris & Hoffman, 1993, 2002) . The participants included 4 three-year-old, 12 four-year-old, and 20 five-year-old children. Language samples were elicited using seven tasks of increasing difficulty. The referring expressions produced for each task were …

The Effect Of Nonlinear Frequency Compression And Linear Frequency Transposition On Speech Perception In School-Aged Children, Kelly L. Helm

Independent Studies and Capstones

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether nonlinear frequency compression and linear transposition algorithms provide speech perception benefit in school-aged children.

Implications For Early Interventionists: Cross-Cultural And Low-Income Family Differences, Karen Elizabeth Kruse

Independent Studies and Capstones

This study examined the existing literature on current early intervention processes for children who are deaf or hard of hearing who are from low-income or minority families. The review of literature includes a framework of understanding the dynamics of low-income households and cultural differences among African Americans, Latin Americans, and American Indians.

The Utility Of Social Behavior Rating Scales For Children Who Are Deaf And Hard Of Hearing, Francina Marie Silvey

Independent Studies and Capstones

This independent study provides an overview of the social-emotional and theory of mind development of children birth through high school and evaluates the utility of social-emotional rating scales in the classroom for children who are deaf and hard of hearing.

Representation Of Cued Speech In Teacher Of The Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Preparation Programs, Aaron Rose

Independent Studies and Capstones

This descriptive study investigates the representation of Cued Speech in teacher of the deaf preparation programs as well as attitudes towards inclusion of Cued Speech in those programs in the context of the 2004 reauthorization of IDEA. The issue of Cued Speech is discussed as a communication modality and implications for deaf education are presented.

Dialogue Journals: A Non-Threatening Way To Correct Written Language Errors, Sara Brooke Morrell

Independent Studies and Capstones

The goals of the present study are: to determine if dialogue journals are an effective activity within a balanced literacy program to improve on written language errors in students who are deaf and hard of hearing.

Temporal Processing In Listeners With Unilateral Hearing Loss, Deborah K. Miller

Independent Studies and Capstones

Temporal processing is examined for sounds delivered to the intact ear of individuals with unilateral hearing, and delivered to one ear of individuals with normal, bilateral hearing. Two temporal processing skills are assessed: 1) the ability to detect sinusoidal amplitude modulation of a wide-band noise, for various modulation frequencies, and 2) the just-noticeable-difference for temporal complexity of random-spectrogram-sounds.

Culturally Appropriate Activities For Spanish Speaking Families And Educators Of Children Who Are Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing, Caroline C. Manning

Independent Studies and Capstones

A look at teaching language to a child who is deaf or hard of hearing from a Spanish speaking home. A guide, including songs, activities and wordlists for families and teachers of the deaf.

The Effect Of Talker Age And Gender On Speech Perception Of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users, Jillian B. Levine

Independent Studies and Capstones

Most clinically-employed speech materials for testing hearing impaired individuals are recordings made by adult male talkers. The author examined the possible effect of talker age and gender on the speech perception of children through the use of 1) two speech perception tests, each with four talker types (adult males, adult females, 10-12 year olds, 5-7 year olds), and 2) two groups of pediatric listeners: normal-hearing (NH) and cochlear implant users (CI).

Bidirectional Interference Between Speech And Postural Stability In Individuals With Parkinson's Disease, Christopher Dromey, Eon Jarvis, Stuart Sondrup, Shawn Nissen, K. Bo Foreman, Leland E. Dibble

Faculty Publications

Because people frequently talk while engaged in other activities, and because Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to diminish multi-tasking performance, we examined dual task interference between speaking and postural stability in 9 individuals with PD, 7 age-matched and 10 healthy young controls. Participants repeated a target utterance and performed a rise to toes task in both single and dual task conditions. Diphthong transitions were measured from audio recordings and postural variables reflecting planning, coordination, and stability were derived from a multi-camera motion capture system and force plate recordings. Thus, sensitive measures of both control groups for the isolated postural task, …

Assessing Impact Of Affect Recognition On Therapeutic Relationship, Julianne V. Sutter

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Therapeutic alliance and its relationship to client nonverbal behavior, specifically facial expressions, were examined. Therapist interpretation of the client nonverbal behavior, or affect, influences the therapeutic alliance and process. Based on a sample of clients from a graduate school therapy training facility, results suggest therapist training in facial expressions, and how they relate to client emotion, improve the therapeutic alliance between therapist and client. After a micro-expression training for therapists, clients reported higher life functioning on the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and an improved therapeutic alliance on the Session Rating Scale (SRS). Overall, these findings support the benefit of incorporating …

Injury-Induced Hand Dominance Transfer, Kathleen E. Yancosek

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Hand dominance is the preferential use of one hand over the other for motor tasks. 90% of people are right-hand dominant, and the majority of injuries (acute and cumulative trauma) occur to the dominant limb, creating a double-impact injury whereby a person is left in a functional state of single-handedness and must rely on the less-dexterous, non-dominant hand. When loss of dominant hand function is permanent, a forced shift of dominance is termed injury-induced hand dominance transfer (I-IHDT).

Military service members injured in combat operation may face I-IHDT following mutilating injuries (crush, avulsion, burn and blast wounds) that result in …

The Effect Of Encounters Between Medical Gatekeepers And Patients On The Doctor-Patient Relationship, Linda Pilzer Erlich

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research currently indicates patient perceptions of the doctor-patient relationship are central to health outcomes. Theoretically, the current study is grounded in two literatures: the placebo effect and the broader literature examining empirically tested predictors of the doctor-patient relationship. Two factors not yet studied relative to patient perceptions of the doctor-patient relationship include the direct effect of medical gatekeeper characteristics along with the interaction between gatekeeper characteristics and existing healthcare attitudes/behaviors. This quantitative archival study utilized a MultiCare Survey dataset of 10, 579 participants who were general practitioner patients in northwestern United States. This study first examined the individual impact of …

Social Capital Variables As Predictors Of Hiv Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Sub-Saharan African Immigrants In The United States, Gbadebo Ogundiran Ogungbade

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Vulnerable populations, including immigrants, are often at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because of their risk-taking behaviors. This study investigated risk-taking behavior for HIV infection among Sub-Saharan African (SSA) immigrants in United States. Using social capital as a theoretical foundation, the study aimed to address the question, is there any association between social capital assets of educational opportunity, employment, and eligibility for social assistance and HIV risk-taking behavior, defined as condom use before sex (CUBS) among SSA immigrant in the U.S? Potential participants were recruited through religious and social organizations in a southwestern US state. The survey generated …

The Effect Of Direct Contact On Public Attitudes Towards People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Aids) In Zimbabweans, Mavis Mashingaidze

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Stigma surrounding HIV and AIDS poses a significant threat to the curtailing of the epidemic by acting as a barrier to HIV testing and disclosure of serostatus. Previous research in the United States found personal knowledge of someone with HIV/AIDS to be a predictor of lower levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigma. However, no study to date has examined this relationship in Zimbabweans. Allport's contact hypothesis was hypothesis was the theoretical frame used to assess the effect of direct contact on public attitudes towards people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Zimbabweans with the …

Aphasia In A Congenital Deaf Man: A Casereport, Shu-Yi Wang, Jin-Cherng Chen, Huei-Ting Chen

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Congenitally deaf persons don't have the ability to communicate verbally due to profound hearing impairment. Thus, they rely on words and sign language to communicate with others. Physicians tend to pay less attention to people who can't communicate verbally. We report the case of a 45-year-old congenitally deaf man who developed a left frontotemporal brain tumor. He was right-handed. As a result of the tumor, he lost both the ability to form words and the sign language he had relied upon to communicate with others. He recovered some ability to communicate 6 months after surgery. He was able to use …

Effect Of The Interactive Computerized Information For Surrogates Icu Program In Increasing The Understanding Of Informed Consent And The Knowledge Of Genetic And Genomics Research, Ann Kathleen Shelton

Dissertations

Background: A significant and growing number of clinical research studies conducted in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) today have some genetic and genomics component. Surrogates approached to authorize participation in clinical research for a loved-one in the ICU may not be prepared to make informed decisions. A model of stewardship of genetic and genomics research was used as a framework for this study. Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of an educational program, the Interactive Computerized Information for Surrogates (ICIS) ICU Education Program in assisting surrogates to (1) increase their understanding of the process of informed …

The P600 Event-Related Potential Across Ages And Ear Conditions, Kyla Lewis Tree

Theses and Dissertations

Studying language development through event-related potentials provides specific information regarding how the brain processes specific aspects of language over time. In this study, the P600 component, a positive wave occurring approximately 600 ms post-stimulus and known for detecting syntactic errors, was specifically analyzed. Thirty children between the ages of 5 and 12 years listened to linguistically correct, syntactically incorrect, and semantically incorrect sentences in three ear conditions: monaurally to the right ear, monaurally to the left ear, and binaurally. The participants were instructed to judge the sentences to be correct or incorrect. Comparisons were then made of the latency and …

Priming Deficiency In Male Subjects At Risk For Alcoholism: The N4 During A Lexical Decision Task, Lance O. Bauer

UCHC Articles - Research

Abstract

Background

While there is extensive literature on the relationship between the P3 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) and risk for alcoholism, there are few published studies regarding other potentially important ERP components. One important candidate is the N4(00) component in the context of semantic processing, as abnormalities in this component have been reported for adult alcoholics.

Method

A semantic priming task was administered to non-alcohol dependent male offspring (18 to 25 years) of alcoholic fathers [high risk (HR) n=23] and non-alcoholic fathers [low risk (LR) n=28], to study whether the two groups differ in terms of the N4 component. …

A Toddler's Development: Analyzing "One Who Walks Unsteadily", Valerie Sharie Davis

XULAneXUS

On April 19, 2009, for exactly two hours, I observed a twenty-four month old toddler at her home, with parents' consent, to fulfill an assignment for a Normal Language Development course. The assignment was to observe a child ranging between the infancy stages to three years old. After observing the child, students were instructed to complete a language analysis sample on every word or phrase that the child produced. This sample was conducted by writing down what the child said and comparing it to what linguistic and motor development researchers expected from a child at the approximate age level observed. …

Mental Health Provision To Hispanics In Idaho: Findings From A Provider Survey, Nicole Stickney

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Currently, Idaho’s mental health resources for Hispanics are not designed to meet their mental health needs. According to Jose Valle, the Chief of Children’s Mental Health at the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare Region III, there are no available data regarding prevalence rates for mental disorders among Hispanics in Idaho (personal communication, September 18, 2007), and little is known about what interventions work best among Hispanics (Gonzalez, 2006). As a first step in addressing the mental health needs of Hispanics in Idaho, information on the capacity of local providers to deliver culturally appropriate care is needed. The Idaho Partnership …

Teaching A School-Based Aac Team To Support The Communication Skills Of A Student Who Requires Aac, Amy Thatcher

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Many children of all ages are in need of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Adult communication partners in the school setting typically interact differently with children who use AAC than they do with others. In prior studies, an eight-step instructional program designed to teach adult communication partners to facilitate the communication skills of students who use AAC has been used within an individual instructional format. The eight-step instructional model used to teach these adults has been shown to be effective; however, research is required to establish the efficacy of this program when providing instruction to adult communication partners within group …

Fall 09 Prescriptions For Excellence Download Full Pdf

Prescriptions for Excellence in Health Care Newsletter Supplement

No abstract provided.