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Site-Specific (Local) Delivery Of Antibiotics From Biodegradable Gms Based Implants For The Prevention Of Post-Operative Wound Infections, Saleh Allababidi

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Systemic administration of prophylactic antibiotics has been reported to significantly decrease, but not eliminate postoperative infections mainly due to the failure in achieving adequate levels of antibiotics at the surgical wound. The local administration guarantees the delivery of adequate levels of antibiotics and is therefore advantageous as a prophylactic measure. Hence, the overall objective of this study was to develop a glyceryl monostearate (GMS) based biocompatible, bioerodible system to provide short term (1-3 days) local delivery of antibiotics. GMS based matrices were prepared by direct compression. Erosion enhancers were incorporated into the GMS matrix to facilitate the bioerosion and bioabsorption …

Synapsis: Philadelphia Campus (1996), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

The 1996 Synapsis includes Yearbook Staff, Holidays, Founders' Day Follies, Follies, Pennsylvania Osteopathic Medical Association, POMA, Student Council, Class Officers, Student Osteopathic Medical Association, SOMA, SOMA Officer Party, Volleyball, Show, Rugby, Haley's Fund Raising Campaign, Dance, Evans Hall Ground Crew, Osteopathic Medical Association, Basketball.

Communities Of Cloacal Bacteria In Tree Swallow Families, Michael P. Lombardo, Patrick A. Thorpe, R. Cichewicz, M. Henshaw, C. Millard, C. Steen, T. K. Zeller

Peer Reviewed Publications

Our aim in this study was to survey the communities of bacteria found in the cloacae of adult and nestling Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), determine if there were familial patterns of prevalence, and determine if there were relationships between bacteria loads and nestling size when 12 days old and fledging success.

An Evaluation Of Needleless Intravenous Therapy Devices, Tina Jones

Theses

As the number of persons infected with bloodborne diseases continues to increase, it is paramount that all health care workers exhibit behaviors reflecting unerring compliance with universal precaution.

The majority of occupational exposures to potentially infectious blood and body fluids occur via needlestick injury. The morbidity and mortality from these exposures is significant. A review of research examining work practices mandated by the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard challenges their effectiveness. Principles identified provide insight into why work practice may not prevent needlesticks.

Several industries are developing new products to address this situation, but there are few data on how well these …

American Longevity: Past, Present, And Future, Samuel H. Preston

Center for Policy Research

How long we live, and how long members of our families and social groups live, is extraordinarily important to us. It's not a subject of daily discussion, but it would be if we were threatened with a return to earlier conditions. Unfortunately, the subject of longevity falls between the cracks of academe and has received far less attention than it warrants. We are all aware, at least dimly, that people are living longer than they used to. The numbers are impressive: at the turn of the century, life expectancy at birth in the United States was 48 years; it's now …

Mission Impossible? International Law And Infectious Diseases, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Globalization, International Law, And Emerging Infectious Diseases, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

The global nature of the threat posed by new and reemerging infectious diseases will require international cooperation in identifying, controlling, and preventing these diseases. Because of this need for international cooperation, international law will certainly play a role in the global strategy for the control of emerging diseases. Recognizing this fact, the World Health Organization has already proposed revising the International Health Regulations. This article examines some basic problems that the global campaign against emerging infectious diseases might face in applying international law to facilitate international cooperation. The international legal component of the global control strategy for these diseases needs …

Strategies For Prevention Of Varicella Pneumonia: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis., G A Macones, S Ewing, N S Silverman

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of 3 strategies of serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and post-exposure varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) prophylaxis for the prevention of maternal varicella pneumonia during pregnancy in patients with negative or uncertain histories of varicella infection.

METHODS: A decision tree was constructed to compare the following strategies: 1) routine serologic testing for varicella immunity followed by targeted post-exposure VZIG prophylaxis, 2) post-exposure serologic testing followed by targeted VZIG prophylaxis, and 3) untargeted post-exposure VZIG administration. The probabilities for the model were obtained from the medical literature and supplemented …

Faculty Publications 1995, Lsu Health Sciences Center New Orleans

Historical Faculty Publications

This Faculty bibliography contains 703 publications.

Bovine Cell Line Resistant To In Vtro Infection By Bovine Viral Darrheavirus And All Other Known Pestiviruses, Ruben O. Donis, Eduardo F. Flores

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine cell line resistant to infection by the pestiviruses Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) and all progeny and mutants thereof. A bovine cell line (CRIB) that is resistant to infection by cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV and by other Pestiviruses due to a stable, recessive genetic defect which blocks infection at the level of viral entry.

Microevolutionary Patterns And Molecular Markers: The Genetics Of Geographic Variation In Ascaris Suum, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Molecular markers have been used only rarely to characterize the population genetic structure of nematodes. Published studies have suggested that different taxa may show distinct genetic architectures. Isoenzyme and RAPD markers have been used to investigate geographic variation of Ascaris suum at the level of infrapopulations (nematodes within individual hosts), within localities, and among geographic regions. Independent estimates of genetic differentiation among population samples based on isoenzyme and RAPD data showed similar patterns and substantial correlation. Heterozygote deficiencies within infrapopulations and large values for inbreeding coefficients among infrapopulations suggested that the composition of these populations was not consistent with a …

Analytical Perspectives On A Protohistoric Cache Of Ceramic Jars From The Lower Colorado Desert, James M. Bayman, Richard H. Hevly, Boma Johnson, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard Ryan

Karl Reinhard Publications

A cache of hermetically sealed ceramic jars found in the Lower Colorado Desert was examined using chronometric dating, pollen and macrofossil extraction, design analysis, and water retention experimentation. The cache apparently dates to the protohistoricfifteenth through seventeenth centuries. Findings from these studies contribute to knowledge in four problem areas: (1) ceramic jar function and use-history; (2) storage technology and caching behavior; (3) ceramic dating and chronology; and (4) symbolic iconography. Biotic remains from inside the jars document their use for transporting a variety of riverine and desert plants, before they were finally filled with flowers and seeds, and placed in …

The Role Of Social Support Networks In The Independent Functioning Of Elderly Persons, Maree Gabbedy

Theses : Honours

There is conclusive evidence which highlights the importance of physical and mental health in the ability of elderly persons to function within society, and elderly persons who require services to maintain their independence, are assumed to have lower levels of functioning than persons who do not apply for, or require assistance. Individuals, however, are rarely totally independent, as most people are involved in social networks, where the reciprocal exchange of money, emotional support, goods and services are exchanged with friends family and neighbours. This study, examined the role of social support networks in the independent functioning of the elderly, in …

The Lived Experiences Of People Living With Hiv Infection, Nongluck Suwisith

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This phenomenological study was undertaken to describe the meaning of living with HIV infection. Descriptive phenomenology was utilised to investigate the lived experiences of persons who had human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV/ AIDS), describe common elements, themes or patterns of lived experiences of persons with HIV / AIDS, and analyse the meaning of lived experiences of persons with HIV/ AIDS. Twelve Australians, experiencing HIV infection and participating in the community support groups in Perth, volunteered as participants. Two participated in the pilot study. The other ten participants were interviewed individually for the main study. Intensive open-end questions pertaining to the …

Use Of Alternative Approaches By Physical Therapists In Michigan, Karen E. Huber, Brian W. Scherff

Masters Theses

The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of use of alternative treatments by physical therapists in Michigan, what approaches are used most often and if use of alternative techniques is associated with practice characteristics. A questionnaire listing 20 treatment techniques which met the operational definition of alternative was mailed to a random sample of 300 licensed physical therapists in Michigan. Number of modalities used, frequency of use for each alternative treatment, average caseload treated, and relationships between modality use and characteristic of practitioners were determined. Results showed 83% of respondents use one or more alternative modalities; 39% …

Learning How To Heal: An Analysis Of The History, Policy, And Framework Of Indian Health Care, Betty Pfefferbaum, Rennard J. Strickland, Everett R. Rhoades, Rose L. Pfefferbaum

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.

What's Happening: December 27, 1995, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Jefferson Alumni Bulletin – Volume Xlv, Number 1, December 1995

The Bulletin (formerly the Jefferson Medical College Alumni Bulletin)

Jefferson Alumni Bulletin – Volume XLV, Number 1, December 1995

We will fight cancer with molecular therapeutics and prediagnostics, page 4

Behavior and economics will challenge prevention, page 6

From genetic understanding to cure, page 9

Computer-based teaching reshapes how students learn, page 12

Will tomorrow’s journals be electronic? Page 14

Jefferson health system upgrades its information technology, page 17

Molecule essential for cell growth and division is discovered at Jeff, page 19

Host Restriction Phenotypes Of Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Gallinarum, Lisa Pascopella, Bärbel Raupach, Nafisa Ghori, Denise Monack, Stanley Falkow, P. L. C. Small

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Salmonella typhi and Salmonella gallinarum phenotypes correlated with mouse host restriction have been identified by using in vitro and in vivo systems. S. typhi is capable of entering the murine intestinal epithelium via M cells, as is Salmonella typhimurium, which causes systemic infection in the mouse. But, unlike S. typhimurium, S. typhi does not destroy the epithelium and is cleared from the Peyer’s patches soon after M-cell entry. S. gallinarum appears to be incapable of entering the murine Peyer’s patch epithelium. Our in vitro evidence suggests that S. gallinarum is taken up in murine phagocytic cells by a mechanism different …

Survival Of Immunoglobulin G-Opsonized Toxoplasma Gondii In Nonadherent Human Monocytes., Camilo E. Fadul, Jacqueline Y. Channon, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is able to penetrate human monocytes by either passive uptake during phagocytosis or active penetration. It is expected that immunoglobulin G (IgG) opsonization will target the parasite to macrophage Fc gamma receptors for phagocytic processing and subsequent degradation. Antibody-opsonized T. gondii tachyzoites were used to infect nonadherent and adherent human monocytes obtained from the peripheral blood of seronegative individuals. The infected monocytes were evaluated for the presence of intracellular parasites and the degree of parasiticidal activity. A marked difference in both the numbers of infected macrophages and numbers of parasites per 100 macrophages …

Selective Increases In Antibody Isotypes And Immunoglobulin G Subclass Responses To Secreted Antigens In Tuberculosis Patients And Healthy Household Contacts Of The Patients, R Hussain, G Dawood, N Abrar, Z Toossi, A Minai, M Dojki, J J. Ellner

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies (immunoglobulin M [IgM], IgE, IgG, and IgG subclasses) were determined in 164 tuberculosis patients (pulmonary involvement, n = 135; lymph node involvement, n = 29), 59 healthy household contacts (HC), and 51 healthy endemic donors (EC) by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for reactivity with culture filtrate. Among the isotypes, significant differences between tuberculosis patient groups with either pulmonary or lymph node involvement and healthy control groups (HC and EC) were detected only for IgG (P < 0.001) and IgG1 (P < 0.001) antibodies. Pulmonary patients also showed a significant difference with IgM (P < 0.01) and IgE (P < 0.05) antibodies. HC showed elevation of only IgM antibodies compared with EC, indicating that IgM antibodies may be an indicator of recent infection with M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that the switching of IgM antibody response to IgG1 is a critical event in disease progression. Polyclonal IgG1, IgG3, and IgE antibodies also showed significant elevation (P < 0.05) in patients compared with EC. A strong correlation (rho = 0.254; P < 0.003) was observed between M. tuberculosis-specific IgG1 and polyclonal IgG1 in patients, suggesting that activations of antigen-specific and polyclonal antibodies are related events. No correlation was found between IgG1 antibodies and purified protein derivative skin test results. Since IgG1 antibody responses to culture filtrate are present only after disease establishment, IgG1 responses could provide a useful diagnostic marker of disease.

Polyamine-Polyamine And Polyamine-Protein Transport Inhibitor Conjugates And Their Use As Pharmaceuticals And In Research Relating To Polyamine Transport, Shewan M. Aziz, Mark N. Gillespie

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Novel classes of inhibitors which selectively inhibit the cellular transport of normally transported substances, specifically polyamines are taught which comprise (i) polymers of the transported substance or (ii) protein or polypeptide conjugates of the transported substance. These inhibitors may be used in vitro to assess the effect of the transported substance on cellular functions and in vivo for treating disease conditions involving transport of the particular substance, e.g., a polyamine.

Phage Infection, Transfection And Transformation Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ellen M. Foley-Thomas, Diane L. Whipple, Luiz M. Bermudez, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium avium complex strains and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis are closely related intracellular pathogens affecting humans and animals. M. avium complex infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, and M. paratuberculosis is the agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. Genetic manipulation of these micro-organisms would facilitate the understanding of their pathogenesis, the construction of attenuated vaccine strains and the development of new drugs and treatment methods. This paper describes the replication of mycobacterial shuttle phasmids and plasmids, and the expression of the firefly luciferase reporter gene in M. avium complex and M. paratuberculosis. The mycobacteriophage TM4 …

The Chironian Vol. 112 Fall/Winter 1995, New York Medical College

The Chironian

No abstract provided.

Rationing Health Care And The Need For Credible Scarcity: Why American's Can't Say No, Wendy K. Mariner

Faculty Scholarship

With adequate cost containment unlikely in the foreseeable future, health care use will have to be curtailed, ideally with open and explicit criteria for equitably allocating resources or rationing. Yet, consensus on any such criteria appears remote because Americans cannot say no to health care. Americans may refuse to accept rationing for two reasons. The absence of any global limitation on health care resources may encourage patients to believe that health care resources are not scarce and do not need to be rationed. A belief in vitalism--that everyone is morally entitled to unlimited longevity and good health--may discourage setting limits …

EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia Coli O157:H7 Requires Intimin To Colonize The Gnotobiotic Pig Intestine And To Adhere To Hep-2 Cells, Marian L. Mckee, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Alison D. O'Brien

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In a previous study, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 with a deletion and insertion in the eaeA gene encoding intimin was used to establish that intimin is required for the organism to attach to and efface microvilli in the piglet intestine (M. S. Donnenberg, S. Tzipori, M. L. McKee, A. D. O’Brien, J. Alroy, and J. B. Kaper, J. Clin. Invest. 92:1418–1424, 1993). However, in the same investigation, a role for intimin in EHEC adherence to HEp-2 cells could not be definitively demonstrated. To analyze the basis for this discrepancy, we constructed an in-frame deletion of eaeA and compared the …

Health Locus Of Control And Health Behaviors In Hiv/Aids Individuals, Brian W. Higgerson

MSN Research Projects

Since the early 1980s AIDS has become a major pandemic. Health care practices and the motivational factors influencing these behaviors have become essential elements for health care providers to implement individualized care for persons with HIV or AIDS. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to determine the relationship between health care behaviors and the Health Locus of Control in HIV/AIDS individuals. The Health Belief Model was used as the theoretical framework. The hypothesis stated that there would be no correlation between health care behaviors and the health locus of control in HIV/AIDS individuals. A convenience sample of HIV/AIDS …

Perception Of Emergency Department Registered Nurses Concerning The Role Of The Emergency Department Nurse Practitioner, Aarthur F. Rogers

MSN Research Projects

Emergency departments have become primary care sites for a substantial portion of the population. However, few emergency departments were designed to provide primary care to families or individuals. Implementation of the emergency department nurse practitioner (NP) has been proposed as a solution to providing comprehensive care and follow-up for non-urgent clients. Since emergency department NPs function in collaborative roles with other nurses, the perception of the emergency department registered nurses (RNs) needs to be delineated to verify acceptance and perceptions of this new expanded nursing role. The purpose of this study was to describe these acceptance and perceptual levels. King's …

Perception Of Emergency Department Registered Nurses Concerning The Role Of The Emergency Department Nurse Practitioner, Aarthur F. Rogers

MSN Research Projects

The purpose of this study is to describe the acceptance and perceptual levels of the role on RN's in emergency departments.

Ph And Calcium Dependence Of Hemolysis Due To Rickettsia Prowazekii: Comparison With Phospholipase Activity, David M. Ojcius, M. Thibon, C. Mounier, Alice Dautry-Varsat

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Rickettsia prowazekii invades nucleated cells through phagocytosis and subsequently proliferates in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Hemolysis and a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity at neutral pHs have previously been reported; even though the phagosomal environment is most likely acidic. We here show that R. prowazekii and R. typhi also lyse erythrocytes at mildly acidic pHs, compatible with an early phagosomal compartment. For R. prowazekii, hemolysis at an acidic pH but not a neutral pH is enhanced by Ca2+, raising the possibility that more than one membranolytic factor may be produced by the rickettsiae. The rickettsiae alone display PLA2 activity, …