Digital Commons Network^™

Temporal Trends In Mortality Related To Stroke And Atrial Fibrillation In The United States: A 21-Year Retrospective Analysis Of Cdc-Wonder Database, Owais Ahmad, Hanzala Ahmed Farooqi, Isra Ahmed, Adeena Jamil, Rayyan Nabi, Irfan Ullah, Abdul Wali Khan, Raheel Ahmed, Mahboob Alam, Bernardo Cortese, Mamas A Mamas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Aims: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most strongly associated risk factors for stroke. Our study aims to analyze changes in mortality from 1999 to 2020 in patients with AF and stroke.

Methods: Using the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC-WONDER), we retrospectively analyzed annual age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per million from 1999 to 2020 in stroke patients with AF. Temporal trends were analyzed, and Annual Percentage Change (APC) was calculated using the JoinPoint regression model across variations in demographics (sex, race) and regional subgroups.

Results: Around 490 000 deaths were reported …

Medical School Ranking And Provider Outpatient Medicare Part D Claims For Antibiotics Among Older Patients In The Usa, Mayar Al Mohajer, David Slusky, David Nix, Catia Nicodemo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to assess whether there was a relationship between graduating from higher-ranked medical schools and the rate of prescribing antibiotics among Medicare Part D providers in the USA.

METHODS: The study obtained data from the Medicare Part D Prescribers (FY2013-2021) and the Doctor and Clinicians National repositories. A regression model was fitted to assess the relationship between provider medical school ranking and the rate of antibiotic days supplied per 100 beneficiaries at the provider level.

RESULTS: A total of 197 540 providers were included. No association was found between the medical school ranking and the rate of …

Service Provider Perceptions Of Systems Serving Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: A Needs Assessment And Strategic Plan In Johnson City, Tn, Opal Frye-Clark

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This Integrated Learning Experience (ILE) investigates service providers' perceptions of Johnson City, Tennessee's homelessness services, aiming to inform a city-wide strategic plan for reduction. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study gathered qualitative data through in-depth interviews with service providers in 2022 and quantitative data via a 2024 survey. The research focused on those directly involved in serving or significantly influencing the lives of individuals experiencing homelessness (IEH). Three key aims guided the investigation: (1) To analyze provider perspectives to identify community assets, opportunities, barriers, and unmet needs, informing a comprehensive needs assessment; (2) To refine these findings through SWOT analysis …

Covid-19 Risk Assessment Among Vulnerable Small Business Owners In El Paso County, Texas, Sadie H Conway, Denise Vasquez, Kristina D Mena, Louis D Brown, Soyoung Kwon, Janelle Rios

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Our objective was to deliver actionable, worksite-specific COVID-19 risk assessments and mitigation strategies tailored to vulnerable workers in one of the highest-risk areas in the US.

Methods: Four trained, bilingual (English/Spanish) community health workers (CHWs) recruited small businesses (ie, ≤20 employees) across various industries and executed novel on-site infectious disease risk assessment surveys of at least one employer and one employee.

Results: Of 102 participating businesses (95% Hispanic-owned), 96% were characterized as "high risk" or "very high risk" for disease transmission. All businesses reported implementing at least one practice to reduce disease transmission; however, almost half of businesses lacked …

Healthcare Disparities, Screening, And Molecular Testing In The Changing Landscape Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In The United States: A Review, Razelle Kurzrock, Aadel A Chaudhuri, David Feller-Kopman, Narjust Florez, Jed Gorden, Ignacio I Wistuba

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Inequitable access to care continues to hinder improvements in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This review describes healthcare disparities in the changing landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the United States, focusing on racial, ethnic, sex-based, and socioeconomic trends. Furthermore, strategies to address disparities, overcome challenges, and improve patient outcomes are proposed. Barriers exist across lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment regimens, varying by sex, age, race and ethnicity, geography, and socioeconomic status. Incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer are higher among Black men than White men, and incidences in young women are substantially greater than …

Closing Gaps To Address Lifespan Health: Considerations For Developing A Preconception Healthcare Training For Community Health Workers, Jaclyn R. Vancamp

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who are embedded in their own communities and as linkages to care, decreasing health disparities for underserved individuals. The goal of this capstone project was to identify Michigan CHWs' knowledge gaps in the area of preconception healthcare. Through administering a training needs assessment to a sample of community health workers, the goal was to characterize knowledge gaps and make recommendations about what type of training would be most useful to them. The results of this needs assessment showed that the general state of self-reported knowledge about preconcept health among Michigan community …

Locating Health Inequities: Understanding The Dynamic Role Of ‘Place’ In The Social Determinants Of Health And Healthcare Accessibility, Abbie Sudduth Page

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Objective. The social determinants of health (SDH) are various non-medical factors that influence health behaviors and health outcomes, and they are measured in variety of different ways. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the relationship SDH items that may group to form a new domain and may be associated with outcomes of health care accessibility. This dissertation seeks to explain a novel understanding of social determinants of health and healthcare accessibility through the lens of the socioecological model and place-based SDH items.
Methodology. This retrospective study design utilized data from the baseline survey and year-22 wave of the …

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Diet And Excersize Education To Improve Adult Obesity, David Elyas, Dhwani Krishnan, Joseph Overway, Melissa Connop, Swathi Srikantan, Zahira Malik

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

The Lived Experience Of Older Adults Using Telemedicine Services, Cathy Anne Cahill

Theses & Dissertations

The coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the subsequent pandemic transformed the healthcare delivery system in the U.S. Telemedicine became an essential mode of healthcare, and its usage increased significantly during the public health emergency. Telemedicine improved access to care, especially for vulnerable patient populations and those with chronic medical conditions. There were many other benefits, including convenience, cost savings, and reduced coronavirus transmission. It also reduced the strain on healthcare facilities and overburdened healthcare providers. A qualitative, Heideggerian phenomenological method of inquiry was conducted to understand the experience of the older adult population utilizing telemedicine services. These methods included a description …

Excellent Registry: A Prospective, Multicenter, Global Registry Of Endovascular Stroke Treatment With The Embotrap Device., Raul G Nogueira, Tommy Andersson, Diogo C Haussen, Albert J Yoo, Ricardo A Hanel, Osama O Zaidat, Werner Hacke, Tudor G Jovin, Jens Fiehler, Simon F De Meyer, Waleed Brinjikji, Karen M Doyle, David F Kallmes, David S Liebeskind, Renu Virmani, Malgosia A Kokoszka, Violiza Inoa, William Humphries, Keith B Woodward, Pascal M Jabbour, Olivier François, Elad I Levy, Hormozd Bozorgchami, Stephan Boor, Jose E Cohen, Shervin R Dashti, Muhammad A Taqi, Ronald F Budzik, Clemens M Schirmer, M Shazam Hussain, Laurent Estrade, Reade A De Leacy, Ajit S Puri, Rohan V Chitale, Caspar Brekenfeld, Adnan H Siddiqui

Neuroscience Articles

BACKGROUND: The EXCELLENT registry aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMBOTRAP Revascularization Device in an all-comer population in a real-world setting, with a focus on the composition of retrieved clots.

METHODS: EXCELLENT is a prospective, global registry of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with EMBOTRAP as the first-line mechanical thrombectomy device conducted at 34 sites (25 sites contributing clot) from September 2018 to March 2021, utilizing core imaging and central histology laboratories blinded to clinical data, independent 90-day modified Rankin Scale assessment and Clinical Events Committee.

RESULTS: After screening 3799 patients, a total of 997 subjects (mean age, …

Examining The Impact Of Eds And Meds Anchor Institutions On Local Communities: A Mixed Methods Case Study On University Medical Center New Orleans, Samuel P. Firmin

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine how the University Medical Center New Orleans (UMCNO), a major Eds and Meds anchor institution, has contributed to the well-being outcomes of surrounding communities within the New Orleans BioDistrict since its opening in 2015. Eds and Meds institutions often have mixed impacts on their local communities, and little research has focused on their effects in the Deep South, particularly in New Orleans, a region with pronounced socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to address this research gap by investigating the following question: to what extent does UMCNO's Community Health Needs Assessments align with …

The Internist's Post V.1 N.10, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley. School Of Medicine, Eunbee Cho, Osiris Fernandez, Hector D. Preciado, Sobia Memon, Diana Acosta Pozo, Corey Haines, Roque Mifuji Lira, Martha Solis, Cesar Gutierrez

School of Medicine Publications

No abstract provided.

10 Practical Priorities To Prevent And Manage Serious Allergic Reactions: Ga2len Anacare And Efa Anaphylaxis Manifesto, Antonella Muraro, Debra De Silva, Marcia Podesta, Aikaterini Anagnostou, Victoria Cardona, Susanne Halken, Pete Smith, Luciana Kase Tanno, Paul Turner, Margitta Worm, Montserrat Alvaro-Lozano, Stefania Arasi, Anna Asarnoj, Simona Barni, Kirsten Beyer, Lucy A Bilaver, Andrew Bird, Roberta Bonaguro, Helen A Brough, R Sharon Chinthrajah, Emma E Cook, Céline Demoulin, Antoine Deschildre, Timothy E Dribin, Motohiro Ebisawa, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Alessandro Fiocchi, David M Fleischer, Eleanor Garrow, Jennifer Gerdts, Mattia Giovannini, Kirsi M Järvinen, Mary Kelly, Edward F Knol, Gideon Lack, Francesca Lazzarotto, Thuy-My Le, Stephanie Leonard, Jay Lieberman, Michael Makris, Lianne Mandelbaum, Mary Jane Marchisotto, Gustavo Andres Marino, Francesca Mori, Caroline Nilsson, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, Mikaela Odemyr, H N G Oude Elberink, Kati Palosuo, Nandinee Patel, Jennifer Pier, Sung Poblete, Rima Rachid, Pablo Rodríguez Del Río, Maria Said, Hugh A Sampson, Angel Sánchez Sanz, Sabine Schnadt, Fallon Schultz, Alice Toniolo, Julia E M Upton, Carina Venter, Brian P Vickery, Berber Vlieg-Boerstra, Julie Wang, Graham Roberts, Torsten Zuberbier, Ga2len Anacare Centres And Efa

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This Anaphylaxis Manifesto calls on communities to prioritise 10 practical actions to improve the lives of people at risk of serious allergic reactions. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network and the European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA) compiled patient-centric priorities. We used qualitative consensus methods, research evidence and feedback from over 200 patient groups, stakeholder organisations and healthcare professionals. We encourage healthcare, education and food organisations to collaborate with people at risk of serious allergic reactions to tackle safety, anxiety and financial burdens for individuals and societies. Key priorities for prevention include awareness-raising campaigns for …

Families’ Experiences Accessing Care After Genomic Sequencing In The Pediatric Cancer Context: “It’S Just Been A Big Juggle”, Blake Vuocolo, Amanda M Gutierrez, Jill O Robinson, Alva M Recinos, Lauren R Desrosiers, Mary A Majumder, Juan Carlos Bernini, Jonathan Gill, Timothy Griffin, Gail E Tomlinson, Kelly Vallance, Amy L Mcguire, D Williams Parsons, Sharon E Plon, Sarah Scollon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Access to genomic sequencing (GS) and resulting recommendations have not been well described in pediatric oncology. GS results may provide a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) diagnosis that warrants screening and specialist visits beyond cancer treatment, including testing or surveillance for family members. The Texas KidsCanSeq (KCS) Study evaluated implementation of GS in a diverse pediatric oncology population. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 20) to explore experiences of KCS patients' families around learning about a CPS diagnosis and following up on recommended care. We used qualitative content analysis to develop themes and subthemes across families' descriptions of their experiences accessing …

Healthcare Disparities, Screening, And Molecular Testing In The Changing Landscape Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In The United States: A Review, Razelle Kurzrock, Aadel A Chaudhuri, David Feller-Kopman, Narjust Florez, Jed Gorden, Ignacio I Wistuba

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Inequitable access to care continues to hinder improvements in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This review describes healthcare disparities in the changing landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the United States, focusing on racial, ethnic, sex-based, and socioeconomic trends. Furthermore, strategies to address disparities, overcome challenges, and improve patient outcomes are proposed. Barriers exist across lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment regimens, varying by sex, age, race and ethnicity, geography, and socioeconomic status. Incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer are higher among Black men than White men, and incidences in young women are substantially greater than …

Home Births Among Ethnic Minority Communities In Bokeo Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Jukkrit Wungrath, Rungrasami Sriwongphan, Krissana Kapheak, Wanchalerm Ritthimon

Kesmas

Home births among ethnic minorities in developing countries pose significant risks to maternal and neonatal health. In Lao PDR, the government has taken steps to manage home births through training traditional birth attendants, improving transportation, and establishing referral systems. However, high home birth rates in regions like Bokeo remain concerning. This review emphasized the need for more skilled birth attendants and better access to emergency obstetric care in rural, ethnic minority areas. This review used 40 articles published between 2000 and 2023 and highlighted gaps in research regarding healthcare access, cultural practices, socioeconomic barriers, and the role of traditional birth …

Social Determinants Of Neonatal Health Outcomes In Indonesia: A Multilevel Regression Analysis, Rooswanti Soeharno, Amal Chalik Sjaaf

Kesmas

Indonesia’s neonatal mortality rate remains alarmingly high. This study addressed the determinants of neonatal outcomes in Indonesia, including the effects of a decentralized health system, socioeconomic disparities, and geographic variations. The analysis used 2018 national survey data across 34 provinces, 513 cities/districts, and 300,000 households, with a sample of 73,864 women aged 10-54 years who have given birth in the preceding five years. The multilevel regression was used to assess the impact of social determinants and systemic inequalities on neonatal health. Key findings revealed a neonatal mortality rate that, despite being preventable in many cases, remained high with significant disparities. …

The Meatpacking Industry Needs Stronger Worker Protections And Enhanced Oversight, India Luxton, Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern

Center for Policy Research

Meatpacking plants are hazardous workplaces with high injury rates and poor working conditions, negatively impacting the health of the industry’s predominately immigrant and refugee workforce. The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated ongoing concerns in the industry, including the problems associated with consolidation and concentration, worker safety, and poor public health outcomes. This brief summarizes findings from a study that used data from 39 interviews with local, state, and federal officials and bureaucrats, worker advocates, and workers to analyze meatpacking policymaking and oversight during COVID-19. The authors find that a lack of industry oversight and decreased regulation contribute to unsafe environments, and injustices …

Creating A Sense Of Place When Implementing A New Emergency Department In Denmark: A Qualitative Study, Jeanette Wassar Kirk, Per Nilsen, Ove Andersen, Nina Thórný Stefánsdóttir, Mette Bendtz Lindstrøm, Byron J Powell, Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Physical locations play an essential yet often overlooked role in healthcare implementation processes. Implementation Science frameworks such as the Theoretical Domains Framework, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and the Implementation in Context framework acknowledge the importance of the physical environment, but they often treat it as a passive backdrop for change. However, from a cultural geographic perspective, spaces and places are dynamic, influencing behavior, social structures, and the acceptance of new practices. This study aims to explore how managers and emloyees develop a sense of place in a new emergency department (ED) and how these spatial dynamics influence …

Dobbs And Sterilization Decision-Making: Understanding The Coercive Spillover Effects In Reproductive Choice, Thomas Wilson Williams

Pace Law Review

The Supreme Court majority in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization argued their decision would have limited impact beyond abortion rights. This Article examines how Dobbs and subsequent state abortion restrictions are likely to increase women’s reliance on permanent sterilization procedures, particularly among already marginalized populations. Drawing on emerging data and historical context, I argue that some post-Dobbs sterilizations should be understood as effectively coerced by state policies, implicating reproductive justice concerns and potentially undermining fundamental rights established in Skinner v. Oklahoma. Then, I demonstrate how interdisciplinary bioethics frameworks and methodologies can help courts better understand the full …

Lengthening Atlantic Hurricane Seasons With Earlier Storm Formation Dates Including Implications From 2020, Barry D. Keim, L. C. Hamilton, V. M. Brown, P. J. Klotzbach, A. B. Lewis, D. T. Thompson

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

This paper analyzes the formation dates of the nth storm in a sequence for all named North Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) and assesses whether the intraseasonal length of the Atlantic hurricane season has changed temporally. The record-breaking 2020 season, with 30 named storms, set records for the earliest third TC formation (Cristobal) and from the sixth TC (Fay) onward. Analysis of season length from 1851 to 2022 identifies only one statistically significant breakpoint detected in the early 1970s, roughly coinciding with the introduction of satellite observations. Since 1970, we also find a trend toward longer North Atlantic hurricane seasons. The …

Jaha At Scientific Sessions 2023: Moving Toward Social Justice In Cardiovascular Health In The United States, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Salina P. Waddy, Sara Hassani, Mahasin Mujahid, Tochi Okwuosa, Emmanuel Peprah, Bernadette Boden-Albala

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Attention to social justice is essential to improving cardiovascular health outcomes. In the absence of social justice, equitable cardiovascular health is impossible. This viewpoint provides a brief synopsis of the 2023 Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA)–sponsored session titled “Moving Towards Social Justice in Cardiovascular Health.” We define social justice and summarize the burden of cardiovascular disease inequity in the United States. We also highlight strategies for achieving social justice, including addressing workforce diversity, integrating social determinants into cardiovascular research, designing cardiovascular interventions to close the equity gap, and improving inclusivity in cardiovascular disease trials.

Global, Regional, And National Stillbirths At 20 Weeks' Gestation Or Longer In 204 Countries And Territories, 1990–2021: Findings From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021, Gbd 2021 Global Stillbirths Collaborators, Veincent Christian Pepito

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Stillbirth is a devastating and often avoidable adverse pregnancy outcome. Monitoring stillbirth levels and trends—in a comprehensive manner that leaves no one uncounted—is imperative for continuing progress in pregnancy loss reduction. This analysis, completed as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, methodically accounted for different stillbirth definitions with the aim of comprehensively estimating all stillbirths at 20 weeks or longer for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

We extracted data on stillbirths from 11 412 sources across 185 of 204 countries and territories, including 234 surveys, 231 published …

Who Cares For The Caregiver? Exploring Extension’S Role In Informal Caregiving Support, Mckenzie R. Tuttle, Erin L. Martinez, Aimee Fox

Journal of Extension

Family caregivers provide invaluable service by taking on the responsibility of caring for older adults in the United States. With a growing aging population, the need for family caregivers and demands on their time and resources will continue to increase. Although a variety of caregiving resources and support services exist, family caregivers often lack the awareness, time, transportation, or financial resources to connect to services. There is a critical need to address the barriers that prevent caregivers from accessing services. In this commentary, we highlight barriers and make recommendations for improving conversations, research, and practice to meet this growing problem.

Long-Term Follow-Up Of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device For Atypical Hyperplasia And Early Endometrial Cancer Reveals Relapse Characterized By Immune Exhaustion, Mikayla B Bowen, Brenda Melendez, Qian Zhang, Richard K Yang, Bryan M Fellman, Barrett C Lawson, Naomi N Adjei, Joseph Celestino, Khalida M Wani, Bhavana Singh, Diana L Urbauer, Alexander J Lazar, Karen H Lu, Jennifer A Wargo, Shannon N Westin, Melinda S Yates

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Nonsurgical treatment options are increasingly needed for endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH) and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC). Despite promising initial response rates, prospective long-term data and determinants for relapse are limited.

Materials and methods: Follow-up data from patients in our prospective phase II trial of levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LIUD) for AH/G1EEC were collected from medical records. Spatial transcriptomics (Nanostring GeoMX digital spatial profiling) with in silico cell type deconvolution and pathway analyses were employed on longitudinal biopsy samples from five patients across pre-treatment, on-treatment, and relapse.

Results: Of 43 participants exhibiting initial response to LIUD, 41 had follow-up data. Sixteen …

Post-Pandemic Needs Of Unpaid Family And Friend Caregivers To Effectively Continue Caregiving Duties In One Northern Ontario Health Authority, Jodi Webber, Erin Mulroney, Mark Tatasciore, Brianna Smith, Patti-Jo Duggan, Louis Ferron, Hannah Albani, Bianca Feitelberg, Laura Tenhagen, Sophia Myles

Patient Experience Journal

The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the support networks for older adults and caregivers as health and social care systems were forced to dramatically change the ways patients and clients interacted with providers, services, and programs. In Northern Ontario, caregivers are older, caring in more intense situations, more likely to be caring for multiple care recipients simultaneously and less likely to be in contact with health professionals. This research sought to explore the post-pandemic needs of caregivers in a Northern Ontario health catchment to better understand the needed supports. Using a collaborative and co-design approach with caregiver advisors …

Convergence Of Alcohol Consumption And Dietary Quality In Us Adults Who Currently Drink Alcohol: An Analysis Of Two Core Risk Factors Of Liver Disease, Peng-Sheng Ting, Wei-Ting Lin, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Madeline Novack, Chiung-Kuei Huang, Hui-Yi Lin, Tung-Sung Tseng, Po-Hung Chen

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Alcohol consumption and poor dietary habits are on the rise in the United States, posing significant challenges to public health due to their contribution to chronic diseases such as liver failure. While associations between alcohol consumption patterns and diet quality have been explored, the relationship between specific alcoholic beverage types and diet quality remains underexamined. This study aims to compare diet quality among consumers of different alcoholic beverage types. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1917 current alcohol drinkers from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who completed a 24 h dietary recall survey. Diet quality …

The Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis And Hyperglycemia, Michelle Byers, Elizabeth Guy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hyperglycemia and tuberculosis are dual global pandemics. Each has a propulsive and amplifying effect on the other, and, because of this, we must consider hyperglycemia and tuberculosis together. Hyperglycemia is immunosuppressive and increases the risk of tuberculosis by threefold. It also leads to a more advanced presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis, thus increasing the likelihood of being smear positive and having cavitating lesions, and it impacts the duration and outcomes of treatment, with an increased one year mortality seen in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes. Additionally, any degree of hyperglycemia can have an impact on susceptibility to tuberculosis, and this effect …

State Capacity And Covid-19 Responses: Comparing The Us States, Kiran Auerbach, Joshua Y. Lerner, Hannah M. Ridge

Political Science Faculty Articles and Research

This article addresses the interstate differences in outcomes from the coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on state capacity. State capacity refers to states’ ability to create and implement policy. We posit that states want to limit death and destruction within their borders. COVID-19 created an instance in which states had a shared, preferred outcome but had very different levels of success. Using a novel measure of state capacity that allows for subnational comparisons – and is independent of ideological political will – we show that states with greater capacity experienced fewer excess deaths during 2020 and more successfully distributed …

Shifting Employment And Perceptions Of Household Responsibilities During Early Stages Of The Covid-19 Pandemic In Nevada, Usa, Courtney Coughenour, Lung-Chang Chien, Brian Labus, Maxim Gakh, Pashtana Usufzy

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background: Employment and household responsibility are critical health determinants. The COVID-19 pandemic altered the work and social landscapes in Nevada, USA through closures of workplaces and schools/childcare centers, changing patterns of employment, and household responsibilities. This study aimed to measure changes in employment status and perceived housework responsibilities among Nevada adults in December 2020, before widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines in a pandemic-affected economy.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional telephone survey of 1,000 Nevada adults, this study compared respondent experiences and perceptions of employment and time spent on housework in December 2020 to pre-pandemic using multinominal logistic, proportional odds, and logistic …