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Exploring Changes In Open Defecation Prevalence In Sub-Saharan Africa Based On National Level Indices, Deise I. Galan, Seung-Sup Kim, Jay P. Graham

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

In sub-Saharan Africa, it is estimated that 215 million people continue to engage in open defecation. This practice facilitates the transmission of diarrheal diseases – one of the leading causes of mortality in children under 5 in sub-Saharan Africa. The main purpose of this study is to: estimate changes in open defecation prevalence between 2005 and 2010 across countries in sub-Saharan Africa; examine the association between national level indices and changes in open defecation prevalence; and assess how many countries can achieve ‘open defecation free status’ by 2015.

Methods

After applying selection criteria, this study analyzed country-level data for …

Session 1-4-D: Leading Together: The Evolution Of Responsible Gambling In Canada, Jim Engel, Paul Pellizzari, Paul W. Smith

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

Agenda

Background: Gambling in Canada
Responsible Gambling Framework
The notion of “player sustainability”
Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs)
Internet gambling
Branding RG
Data analytics
Voluntary Self-Exclusion
RG Standards
Leading together: collaboration across jurisdictions

Session 1-3-F: The Alberta Cohorts Of Gambling Behaviors An Update, Nady El-Guebaly, David Casey, David Hodgins, Garry Smith, Don Schopflocher, Shawn Currie, Rob Williams

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

Objectives

1.Experience with recruitment & retention of five cohorts

2.Patterns of continuity & discontinuity in gambling behaviors as well as patterns of recovery from problems?

3. Biopsychosocial variables (risks & resilience) predicting the spectrum of gambling behaviors from responsible to problematic?

The Objectives, Design And Implementation Of The Intergrowth-21st Project, Villar J, Altman D. G, Purwar M, Noble J. A, Knight H. E, Ruyan P, Ismail L. Cheikh, Barros F. C, Lambert A, Papageorghiou A. T, Maria Carvalho, Jaffer Y. A, Bertino E, Gravett M. G, Bhutta Z. A, Kennedy S. H

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

INTERGROWTH-21st is a multicentre, multiethnic, populationbased project, being conducted in eight geographical areas (Brazil, China, India, Italy, Kenya, Oman, UK and USA), with technical support from four global specialised units, to study growth, health and nutrition from early pregnancy to infancy. It aims to produce prescriptive growth standards, which conceptually extend the World Health Organization (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) to cover fetal and newborn life. The new international standards will describe: (1) fetal growth assessed by clinical and ultrasound measures; (2) postnatal growth of term and preterm infants up to 2 years of age; and (3) the relationship …

Homelessness: Relationships Between Program Completion At A Transformational Shelter And Mental Illness, Substance Abuse, And Trauma, Richard T. Mccutcheon

Theses & Dissertations

Each and every evening many people do not have a home to return to. Solving the epidemic problem of homelessness is an ongoing pursuit. Analyzing issues related to homelessness will help solve the problem of homelessness for some individuals and families. Data was gathered, prioritized and analyzed to determine correlations and relationships between completion of a transformational shelter’s program and mental illness, substance abuse, and trauma. Demographic variables were assessed as well. A person is more likely to complete the program if they have a substance abuse issue. Females are more likely than males to complete the program. Program completion …

Landscape Epidemiology And Machine Learning: A Geospatial Approach To Modeling West Nile Virus Risk In The United States, Sean Gregory Young

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The complex interactions between human health and the physical landscape and environment have been recognized, if not fully understood, since the ancient Greeks. Landscape epidemiology, sometimes called spatial epidemiology, is a sub-discipline of medical geography that uses environmental conditions as explanatory variables in the study of disease or other health phenomena. This theory suggests that pathogenic organisms (whether germs or larger vector and host species) are subject to environmental conditions that can be observed on the landscape, and by identifying where such organisms are likely to exist, areas at greatest risk of the disease can be derived. Machine learning is …

Development Of A Predictive Modeling System For Validation Of The Cumulative Mirobial Inactivation Of The Salmonellae In Pepperoni Utilizing A Non-Pathogenic Surrogate Microorganism (Enterococcus Faecalis), Scott Donald Stillwell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salmonellosis is the most frequently occurring bacterial foodborne illness in the United States and the human case rate has not improved for the past two decades. The federal agency responsible for oversight of meat and poultry processors has announced the intent to extend existing pathogen reduction performance standards for Salmonella spp. to cover all classes of products including fermented sausages that are currently produced under HACCP plans that are validated for control of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The proposed regulatory modifications will require processors to revalidate HACCP plan controls to achieve either a 6.5 or a 7.0 log10 inactivation of the …

Public Health Department Perspectives On Cervical And Prostate Cancer Prevention In Southeastern Kentucky., Jordan Danielle Burns

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

This study compared and contrasted the screening and prevention methods and strategies utilized by public health departments in southeastern Kentucky for both cervical and prostate cancer. Special attention was paid to how such efforts have influenced decreases in mortality rates over the past two decades. The study used both geospatial methods, such as Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and spatial autocorrelation, and qualitative methods in form of interviews. The interview data showed that Kentucky public health departments had strong cervical cancer screening and prevention programs, but did not focus on prostate cancer prevention. Successes in cervical cancer screening included the …

Nursing Students’ Cultural Immersion In Kenya: A Case For A Clinical Capstone Site, Nancy C. Wilk

Nursing Faculty/Staff Publications

Awareness of cultural concepts is an important component of nursing education and cultural immersion experiences are invaluable in fostering understanding of them. These types of experiences take students out of their comfort zone and challenge them both personally and professionally.

For several years, students on all levels have been participating in a 10-day trip to Kenya led by nursing faculty. Undergraduate students who go on the trip receive clinical credit for their community health course and are required to journal daily about their experiences while on the trip and write a reflection paper for the course when they return. The …

Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Science In The Nursing Curricula, Jill Deanne Maroo

Dissertations

The nursing profession combines the art of caregiving with scientific concepts. Nursing students need to learn science in order to start in a nursing program. However, previous research showed that students left the nursing program, stating it included too much science (Andrew et al., 2008). Research has shown a correlation between students’ attitudes and their performance in a subject (Osborne, Simon, & Collins, 2003). However, little research exists on the overall attitude of nursing students toward science. At the time of my study there existed no large scale quantitative study on my topic. The purpose of my study was to …

2013 - The Eighteenth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Eighteenth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 25, 2013. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

A Perspective On Multiple Waves Of Influenza Pandemics, Anna Mummert, Howard Weiss, Li-Ping Long, José M. Amigó, Xiu-Feng Wan

CVM Publications

BACKGROUND: A striking characteristic of the past four influenza pandemic outbreaks in the United States has been the multiple waves of infections. However, the mechanisms responsible for the multiple waves of influenza or other acute infectious diseases are uncertain. Understanding these mechanisms could provide knowledge for health authorities to develop and implement prevention and control strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We exhibit five distinct mechanisms, each of which can generate two waves of infections for an acute infectious disease. The first two mechanisms capture changes in virus transmissibility and behavioral changes. The third mechanism involves population heterogeneity (e.g., demography, geography), where …

Attire And Appearance Of Orthodontists: A Survey Of Parent Preferences, Gillian Kelly

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to evaluate parents’ preferences of the appearance and attire of orthodontists. Six subjects were asked to pose for photographs wearing various combinations of attire (casual, scrubs, white coat, formal), hairstyle and nametag. Survey participants were presented with choice sets and asked to select the most and least preferred provider photographs. A total of 77 parents of orthodontic patients participated in the computer-based survey. The results indicated that there were significant differences due to provider sex (P = 0.0013), provider age (P < .0001), dress (P < .0001), nametag (P = 0.0065) and hair (P < .0001). The most preferred providers were the younger female and the older male. Formal attire or scrubs was the most preferred style of dress. There was also a preference for the use of a nametag and for the provider to have his/her hair in a controlled style.

Prevalence Of Pregnancy Folkloric Beliefs Among Nurse-Midwifery Client Populations, Iris Aleece Campbell

Honors Theses

OBJECTIVE: To explore prevalence of pregnancy related folklore beliefs by conducting a survey of CM/CNMs in the United States. Research questions included: What folklore beliefs are most commonly encountered by nurse-midwives? Does the prevalence of folklore beliefs differ by geography? Does the type of folklore beliefs differ by the ethnicity and culture of the nurse-midwifery clientele?

METHODS: After IRB and ACNM approval, a geographically diverse sample of 1,000 active CM/CNM members was sent an invitation email. The survey was developed following a literature review to include 12 pregnancy beliefs. Responders were asked to rate how frequently they heard each (never-I, …

Holobiont Nutrition: Considering The Role Of The Gastrointestinal Microbiota In The Health Benefits Of Whole Grains, Jens Walter, Ines Martinez, Devin J. Rose

Food for Health: Publications

Intake of whole grains and other food products high in dietary fiber have long been linked to the prevention of chronic diseases associated with inflammation. A contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota to these effects has been suggested, but little is known on how whole grains interact with gut bacteria. We have recently published the first human trial that made use of next-generation sequencing to determine the effect of whole grains (whole grain barley, brown rice or a mixture of the two) on fecal microbiota structure and tested for associations between the gut microbiota and blood markers of inflammation, glucose and …

Wright State University Celebration Of Research, Scholarship And Creative Activities Book Of Abstracts Friday, April 12, 2013, Wright State University Office Of Undergraduate Research And Stemm Activities

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

The student abstract booklet is a compilation of abstracts from students' oral and poster presentations at Wright State University's second annual Celebration of Research, Scholarship and Creative Activities on April 12, 2013.

Leadership – Step Up The Consultant In You, Charlene D. Bergstresser Bsn, Rn, Cynthia A. Cappel Msn, Rn-Bc, Ne-Bc

Clinical Staff Development Annual Symposium

No abstract provided.

Using An Equity/Performance Matrix To Address Salary Compression/Inversion And Performance Pay Issues, Peter Richardson, Steven Thomas

Administrative Issues Journal

Pay compression and inversion are significant problems for many organizations and are often severe in schools of business in particular. At the same time, there is more insistence on showing accountability and paying employees based on performance. The authors explain and show a detailed example of how to use a Compensation Equity/ Performance Matrix (CEPM) approach to rationally and fairly address both of these issues simultaneously. The context is discussed along with the use and limitations of this approach. The CEPM approach can be used by any type of organization facing these problems.

Transport And Health: A Look At Three Latin American Cities, Janeth Mosquera Becerra, Rodrigo S. Reis, Lawrence D. Frank, Farah A. Ramirez-Marrero, Benjamin Welle, Eugenio Arriaga Cordero, Fabian Mendez Paz, Carlos J. Crespo, Veronica Dujon, Enrique Jacoby, Jennifer Dill, Lynn Weigand, Carlos M. Padin

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Transport is associated with environmental problems, economic losses, health and social inequalities. A number of European and US cities have implemented initiatives to promote multimodal modes of transport. In Latin America changes are occurring in public transport systems and a number of projects aimed at stimulating non-motorized modes of transport (walking and cycling) have already been implemented. Based on articles from peer-reviewed academic journals, this paper examines experiences in Bogota (Colombia), Curitiba (Brazil), and Santiago (Chile), and identifies how changes to the transport system contribute to encourage active transportation. Bus rapid transit, ciclovias, bike paths/lanes, and car use restriction are …

Factors Influencing Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Vietnamese Seniors In Worcester, Ma, Marianne M. Sarkis, Amelia Angevine, Chantal Begley, Kristina Nguyen, Thuha Le

Local Knowledge: Worcester Area Community-Based Research

What are the effects of diabetes among Vietnamese seniors on themselves and their communities?

This study examines the role of the social and physical environment in influencing type 2 diabetes management among the Vietnamese senior community. The researchers employed a concurrent mixed methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative instruments. Eleven diabetics participated in individual interviews and seven non-diabetic caregivers comprised the focus group. The study results suggest that in the study sample, the most important factors in influencing management include factors in the physical environment, such as safety and location, as well as social factors, including individual and community …

Cultivating Resistance: Food Justice In The Criminal Justice System, Caitlin M. Watkins

Pitzer Senior Theses

This Senior Thesis in Environmental Analysis seeks to explore the ways in which certain food-oriented programs for incarcerated women and women on parole critically resist the Prison Industrial Complex and the Industrial Food System by securing social and ecological equity through the acquisition of food justice. It focuses on three case studies: the Crossroads’ Meatless Mondays program, Fallen Fruit from Rising Women: A Crossroads Social Enterprise, and Cultivating Dreams Prison Garden Project: An Organic Garden for Women in Prison. Each project utilizes food as a tool to build community, provide valuable skill sets of cooking and gardening, and educate women …

Explorers, Detectives, Matchmakers, And Lion Tamers Understanding Jigsaw Puzzlers’ Techniques And Motivations, Angela Garcia

Natural & Applied Sciences Faculty Publications

Why do people enjoy jigsaw puzzles, which—challenging and time-consuming as they are—might be considered more like work than play? The author investigates the motivations, preferences, and satisfactions of individuals working on jigsaw puzzles, and she explores how these elements of play relate to the procedures and strategies puzzlers use to assemble their jigsaws. She identifies four general approaches to completing these puzzles: the Explorer, Detective, Matchmaker, and Lion Tamer. She then describes how those who use these approaches differ in their openness to serendipity and flexibility, their attraction to the aesthetics of the puzzle picture, the degree of difficulty they …

Fertile Lands And Bodies: Connecting The Green Revolution, Pesticides, And Women’S Reproductive Health, Sarah M.K. Cycon

Pitzer Senior Theses

Environmentalists, social scientists, and economists have long critiqued the enduring impacts of the Green Revolution’s diffusion of agricultural technologies throughout the Global South. However, largely missing from the myriad analyses is the relationship between those technologies, namely pesticides, and health outcomes. This thesis explores the social and biological mechanisms through which excessive pesticide use culminated into adverse reproductive health outcomes for rural women in the Global South. Drawing together the history of the Green Revolution’s use of DDT, its social and economic impacts, and the biology of pesticide contamination in women’s bodies exposes how the Green Revolution situated women in …

Explaining The Supreme Court's Interest In Patent Law, Timothy R. Holbrook

IP Theory

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of The Perceptions Of Community Residents And Volunteer Researchers For The Community Health Of The Clarke Square Neighborhood, Meghan Jones, Kelly Dione

Professional Projects

The study explored the similarities and differences in community residents’ perceptions and volunteer researchers’ perceptions of community health indicators in the Clarke Square Neighborhood. The study sought to identify noteworthy differences between community residents’ perceptions and volunteer researchers’ perceptions, indicating the importance of including community members in community health research. In the study, community residents in the Clarke Square Neighborhood conducted a survey that had previously been done by volunteer researchers from the Urban Ecology Center and the Medical College of Wisconsin regarding community health indicators in the Clarke Square Neighborhood. The study also included a focus group, which discussed …

Perception Of Disease Risk And Vulnerability As A Function Of Proximity To National Park Boundaries In East Africa, Irene Bridget Feretti

Honors Theses and Capstones

Studies suggest households closest to parks and protected areas (PAs) are more likely to sustain park-related losses, but the relationship between human sickness and PAs has not been fully explored. Existing literature primarily focuses on human-wildlife conflicts (i.e. crop raiding) and the potential for zoonotic disease spillover and emergence at the human-livestock-wildlife interface at PA boundaries. Understanding local perceptions of disease risk and vulnerability is essential for assessing human health relative to conservation areas. This understanding will promote better-informed consideration of human health impacts in decision making for conservation. Data from surveys taken at 301 households around Kibale National Park …

Loma Linda University Dentistry - Volume 24, Number 1, Loma Linda University School Of Dentistry, Wu Zhang, Yiming Li

Articulator (Dentistry)

Contents:

12 | Changing of the Guard
15 | Ron Forde: New Restoration Chair
16 | Technology Center Opens
18 | Biofilm Contamination
27 | Service is Our Calling
29 | ADA Customizes Workshop
36 | Dr. Lee and IADR Intersect

Prostate Specific Antigen As A Risk Factor For Skeletal Metastases In Black African Men With Prostate Cancer, Ayman Mahmood Qureshi

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the commonest cancers in men worldwide. Several recognised risk factors are associated with this disease, amongst them, race. Despite this, there is a paucity of data in the native African setting. The skeletal system is a common site of metastasis, its incidence increasing with increase in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. Bone scans are used to detect skeletal metastases. Its use in prostate cancer patients with abnormal but low PSA has been subject of debate. Objectives: To test the association of PSA levels with skeletal metastasis in men with histologically proven prostate cancer. Methodology: …

How Do Older People Describe Others With Cognitive Impairment? A Multiethnic Study In The United States, Sarah B. Laditka, James N. Laditka, Rui Liu, Anna E. Price

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

We studied how older people describe others with cognitive impairment. Forty-two focus groups represented African Americans, American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos, Vietnamese Americans, and Whites other than Latinos (Whites) (N = 396, ages 50+), in nine locations in the United States of America. Axial coding connected categories and identified themes. The constant comparison method compared themes across ethnic groups. African Americans, American Indians and Whites emphasised memory loss. African Americans, American Indians, Latinos and Whites stressed withdrawal, isolation and repetitive speech. African Americans, American Indians, Vietnamese Americans and Whites emphasised ‘slow thinking’. Only Whites described mood swings and personality changes. …

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2013), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 Food Focus: SDSU Leading National Effort To Promote Healthy Food Choices
[Page] 3 In Stores Now: “Pick It, Try It, Like It” Fruit & Vegetable Campaign
[Page] 4 Coaching Food Entrepreneurs: SDSU Extension Outreach Includes Entrepreneur Workshops
[Page] 5 From South Dakota to South America: College of Agriculture & Biological Science Students Experience Argentine Agriculture
[Page] 6 Spring College News
[Page] 8 Showcasing Ag’s Evolution: SDSU’s Ag Museum Is More Than Just Tractors [Page] 10 Mastering Marketing: Students Host Bull Sale Through Unique Class [Page] 11 Following Pheasants: SDSU Researchers Analyze Nesting Needs
[Page] 12 Faculty Highlights
[Page] …