Digital Commons Network^™

Structural Variants Drive Context-Dependent Oncogene Activation In Cancer, Zhichao Xu, Dong-Sung Lee, Sahaana Chandran, Victoria T Le, Rosalind Bump, Jean Yasis, Sofia Dallarda, Samantha Marcotte, Benjamin Clock, Nicholas Haghani, Chae Yun Cho, Kadir C Akdemir, Selene Tyndale, P Andrew Futreal, Graham Mcvicker, Geoffrey M Wahl, Jesse R Dixon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Higher-order chromatin structure is important for the regulation of genes by distal regulatory sequences. Structural variants (SVs) that alter three-dimensional (3D) genome organization can lead to enhancer-promoter rewiring and human disease, particularly in the context of cancer3. However, only a small minority of SVs are associated with altered gene expression4,5, and it remains unclear why certain SVs lead to changes in distal gene expression and others do not. To address these questions, we used a combination of genomic profiling and genome engineering to identify sites of recurrent changes in 3D genome structure in cancer and determine the effects of specific …

Clinical Management Of Supratentorial Non-Skull Case Meningiomas, Adefisayo Adekanmbi, Mark W Youngblood, Constantine L Karras, Ephraim A Oyetunji, John Kalapurakal, Craig M Horbinski, Hinda Najem, Virginia B Hill, James P Chandler, Amy B Heimberger, Stephen T Magill, Rimas V Lukas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Supratentorial non-skull base meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumor subtype. An understanding of their pathophysiology, imaging characteristics, and clinical management options will prove of substantial value to the multi-disciplinary team which may be involved in their care. Extensive review of the broad literature on the topic is conducted. Narrowing the scope to meningiomas located in the supratentorial non-skull base anatomic location highlights nuances specific to this tumor subtype. Advances in our understanding of the natural history of the disease and how findings from both molecular pathology and neuroimaging have impacted our understanding are discussed. Clinical management …

Notch Missense Mutations In Drosophila Reveal Functions Of Specific Egf-Like Repeats In Notch Folding, Trafficking, And Signaling, Hilman Nurmahdi, Mao Hasegawa, Elzava Yuslimatin Mujizah, Takeshi Sasamura, Mikiko Inaki, Shinya Yamamoto, Tomoko Yamakawa, Kenji Matsuno

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Notch signaling plays various roles in cell-fate specification through direct cell–cell interactions. Notch receptors are evolutionarily conserved transmembrane proteins with multiple epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats. Drosophila Notch has 36 EGF-like repeats, and while some play a role in Notch signaling, the specific functions of most remain unclear. To investigate the role of each EGF-like repeat, we used 19 previously identified missense mutations of Notch with unique amino acid substitutions in various EGF-like repeats and a transmembrane domain; 17 of these were identified through a single genetic screen. We assessed these mutants’ phenotypes in the nervous system and hindgut during …

Whole Genome Sequencing Of Moraxella Bovis Strains From North America Reveals Two Genotypes With Different Genetic Determinants, Emily L. Wynn, Matthew M. Hille, John Dustin Loy, Gennie Schuller, Kristen L. Kuhn, Aaron M. Dickey, James L. Bono, Michael L. Clawson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi both associate with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), an economically significant and painful ocular disease that affects cattle worldwide. There are two genotypes of M. bovoculi (genotypes 1 and 2) that differ in their gene content and potential virulence factors, although neither have been experimentally shown to cause IBK. M. bovis is a causative IBK agent, however, not all strains carry a complete assortment of known virulence factors. The goals of this study were to determine the population structure and depth of M. bovis genomic diversity, and to compare core and accessory genes and …

The Immune Signatures Data Resource, A Compendium Of Systems Vaccinology Datasets., Joann Diray-Arce, Helen E R Miller, Evan Henrich, Bram Gerritsen, Matthew P Mulè, Slim Fourati, Jeremy Gygi, Thomas Hagan, Lewis Tomalin, Dmitry Rychkov, Dmitri Kazmin, Daniel G Chawla, Hailong Meng, Patrick Dunn, John Campbell, The Human Immunology Project Consortium (Hipc), Minnie Sarwal, John S Tsang, Ofer Levy, Bali Pulendran, Rafick Sekaly, Aris Floratos, Raphael Gottardo, Steven H Kleinstein, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas

Faculty Research 2022

Vaccines are among the most cost-effective public health interventions for preventing infection-induced morbidity and mortality, yet much remains to be learned regarding the mechanisms by which vaccines protect. Systems immunology combines traditional immunology with modern 'omic profiling techniques and computational modeling to promote rapid and transformative advances in vaccinology and vaccine discovery. The NIH/NIAID Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) has leveraged systems immunology approaches to identify molecular signatures associated with the immunogenicity of many vaccines. However, comparative analyses have been limited by the distributed nature of some data, potential batch effects across studies, and the absence of multiple relevant studies …

Phytochemical Investigation Of Egyptian Spinach Leaves, A Potential Source For Antileukemic Metabolites: In Vitro And In Silico Study, Shimaa M. Abdelgawad, Mona H. Hetta, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Premalatha Balachandran

Faculty and Student Publications

Spinacia oleracea L., Amaranthaceae, leaves cultivated in Egypt demonstrated a potential antileukemic activity against the chronic myeloid leukemia, K562 cell line. Thus, the aim of this study is to carry out a phytochemical investigation of S. oleracea leaves as well as the isolation of its antileukemic phytoconstituents. Phytochemical investigation of S. oleracea leaves resulted in the isolation of seventeen known compounds. The biological study revealed that compounds hexaprenol, phytol, and 18-[(1-oxohexadecyl) oxy]-9-octadecenoic acid exhibited a remarkable antiproliferative activity against K562 cells in vitro. A mechanistic in silico study showed that hexaprenol, phytol, and 18-[(1-oxohexadecyl) oxy]-9-octadecenoic acid exhibited a strong binding …

Changes In The Regulation Of The Unfolded Protein Response During Aging In Peromyscus, Elham Soltanmohammadi

Theses and Dissertations

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to various metabolic pathologies, neurodegeneration, and aging. Although various mechanistic aspects of the resulting unfolded protein response (UPR) have been elucidated, its regulation in genetically diverse populations remains elusive. In the present study we evaluated the expression of chaperones BiP/GRP78, GRP94 and calnexin (CANX) in the lungs, liver, and brain of 7 months old and 2–3 years old outbred deer mice P. maniculatus and P. leucopus. Chaperones’ _expression was highly variable between species, tissues and ages suggesting that levels of expression of individual chaperones do not change consistently during aging. Despite this variation, …

Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Increase Prostate Cancer Cell Apoptosis In 3d Triculture Model Of Reactive Stroma, Lindsey K Sablatura, Tristen V Tellman, Aemin Kim, Mary C Farach-Carson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The bone marrow tumor microenvironment (BMTE) is a complex network of cells, extracellular matrix, and sequestered signaling factors that initially act as a hostile environment for disseminating tumor cells (DTCs) from the cancerous prostate. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems offer an opportunity to better model these complex interactions in reactive stroma, providing contextual behaviors for cancer cells, stromal cells, and endothelial cells. Using a new system designed for the triculture of osteoblastic prostate cancer (PCa) cells, stromal cells, and microvascular endothelial cells, we uncovered a context-specific pro-apoptotic effect of endothelial cells of the bone marrow different from those derived from the …

Cochlear Ribbon Synapse Maturation Requires Nlgn1 And Nlgn3, Miguel A Ramirez, Yuzuru Ninoyu, Cayla Miller, Leonardo R Andrade, Seby Edassery, Ewa Bomba-Warczak, Briana Ortega, Uri Manor, Mark A Rutherford, Rick A Friedman, Jeffrey N Savas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hearing depends on precise synaptic transmission between cochlear inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons through afferent ribbon synapses. Neuroligins (Nlgns) facilitate synapse maturation in the brain, but they have gone unstudied in the cochlea. We report

A Central Alarm System That Gates Multi-Sensory Innate Threat Cues To The Amygdala, Sukjae J Kang, Shijia Liu, Mao Ye, Dong-Il Kim, Gerald M Pao, Bryan A Copits, Benjamin Z Roberts, Kuo-Fen Lee, Michael R Bruchas, Sung Han

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Perception of threats is essential for survival. Previous findings suggest that parallel pathways independently relay innate threat signals from different sensory modalities to multiple brain areas, such as the midbrain and hypothalamus, for immediate avoidance. Yet little is known about whether and how multi-sensory innate threat cues are integrated and conveyed from each sensory modality to the amygdala, a critical brain area for threat perception and learning. Here, we report that neurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the parvocellular subparafascicular nucleus in the thalamus and external lateral parabrachial nucleus in the brainstem respond to multi-sensory threat cues from various …

Advancing The Portability, Field Of View, And Spatiotemporal Resolution Of Multi-Parametric Photoacoustic Microscopy, Fenghe Zhong

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Capable of structural, functional, molecular, and metabolic imaging with high spatial resolution in vivo, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is an emerging tool in biomedical research. Further, recent advances in multi-parametric acquisition and analysis make PAM uniquely capable of simultaneously mapping the total concentration of hemoglobin (CHb), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (sO2), and blood flow speed. However, there are multiple major limitations, including, the large footprint, low imaging speed, limited imaging contrast, and insufficient axial resolution, which impedance its applications in basic and translational research. In this dissertation, I presented potential solutions to overcome the limitations above.In the first part of this …

An Auto-Inhibited State Of Protein Kinase G And Implications For Selective Activation, Rajesh Sharma, Jeong Joo Kim, Liying Qin, Philipp Henning, Madoka Akimoto, Bryan Vanschouwen, Gundeep Kaur, Banumathi Sankaran, Kevin R Mackenzie, Giuseppe Melacini, Darren E Casteel, Friedrich W Herberg, Choel Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs) are key mediators of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway that regulates biological functions as diverse as smooth muscle contraction, cardiac function, and axon guidance. Understanding how cGMP differentially triggers mammalian PKG isoforms could lead to new therapeutics that inhibit or activate PKGs, complementing drugs that target nitric oxide synthases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in this signaling axis. Alternate splicing of PRKG1 transcripts confers distinct leucine zippers, linkers, and auto-inhibitory (AI) pseudo-substrate sequences to PKG Iα and Iβ that result in isoform-specific activation properties, but the mechanism of enzyme auto-inhibition and its alleviation …

Glycan Shield Of The Ebolavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Gp, Weiwei Peng, Vamseedhar Rayaprolu, Amar D Parvate, Matti F Pronker, Sean Hui, Diptiben Parekh, Kelly Shaffer, Xiaoying Yu, Erica O Saphire, Joost Snijder

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The envelope glycoprotein GP of the ebolaviruses is essential for host cell entry and the primary target of the host antibody response. GP is heavily glycosylated with up to 17 N-linked sites, numerous O-linked glycans in its disordered mucin-like domain (MLD), and three predicted C-linked mannosylation sites. Glycosylation is important for host cell attachment, GP stability and fusion activity, and shielding from neutralization by serum antibodies. Here, we use glycoproteomics to profile the site-specific glycosylation patterns of ebolavirus GP. We detect up to 16 unique O-linked glycosylation sites in the MLD, and two O-linked sites in the receptor-binding GP1 subunit. …

Cell Plasticity In Regeneration In The Stomach And Beyond, Mahliyah Adkins-Threats, Jason C Mills

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Recent studies using cell lineage-tracing techniques, organoids, and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses have revealed: 1) adult organs use cell plasticity programs to recruit progenitor cells to regenerate tissues after injury, and 2) plasticity is far more common than previously thought, even in homeostasis. Here, we focus on the complex interplay of normal stem cell differentiation and plasticity in homeostasis and after injury, using the gastric epithelium as a touchstone. We also examine common features of regenerative programs and discuss the evolutionarily conserved, stepwise process of paligenosis which reprograms mature cells into progenitors that can repair damaged tissue. Finally, we discuss …

3d Media Stabilizes Membrane And Prolongs Lifespan Of Defolliculated Xenopus Laevis Oocytes, Nikhil D Aggarwal, Steven L Zeng, Ryan J Lashgari, Leland C Sudlow, Mikhail Y Berezin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Structure-Activity Relationship And Antitumor Activity Of 1,4-Pyrazine-Containing Inhibitors Of Histone Acetyltransferases P300/Cbp, Shenyou Nie, Fangrui Wu, Jingyu Wu, Xin Li, Chao Zhou, Yuan Yao, Yongcheng Song

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Acetylation of histone lysine residues by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 and its paralog CBP play important roles in gene regulation in health and diseases. The HAT domain of p300/CBP has been found to be a potential drug target for cancer. Compound screening followed by structure-activity relationship studies yielded a novel series of 1,4-pyrazine-containing inhibitors of p300/CBP HAT with their IC50s as low as 1.4 μM. Enzyme kinetics and other studies support the most potent compound 29 is a competitive inhibitor of p300 HAT against the substrate histone. It exhibited a high selectivity for p300 and CBP, with negligible activity on …

Natural Products Inhibitors Of Monoamine Oxidases—Potential New Drug Leads For Neuroprotection, Neurological Disorders, And Neuroblastoma, Narayan D. Chaurasiya, Francisco León Ph.D., Ilias Muhammad, Babu L. Tekwani

Faculty Publications

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are an important class of drugs prescribed for treatment of depression and other neurological disorders. Evidence has suggested that patients with atypical depression preferentially respond to natural product MAOIs. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the natural products, predominantly from plant sources, as potential new MAOI drug leads. The psychoactive properties of several traditionally used plants and herbal formulations were attributed to their MAOI constituents. MAO inhibitory constituents may also be responsible for neuroprotective effects of natural products. Different classes of MAOIs were identified from the natural product sources with non-selective as well as selective …

Reshaping The Tumor Microenvironment With Oncolytic Viruses, Positive Regulation Of The Immune Synapse, And Blockade Of The Immunosuppressive Oncometabolic Circuitry, Teresa T Nguyen, Dong Ho Shin, Sagar Sohoni, Sanjay K Singh, Yisel Rivera-Molina, Hong Jiang, Xuejun Fan, Joy Gumin, Frederick F Lang, Christopher Alvarez-Breckenridge, Filipa Godoy-Vitorino, Lisha Zhu, W Jim Zheng, Lijie Zhai, Erik Ladomersky, Kristen L Lauing, Marta M Alonso, Derek A Wainwright, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Juan Fueyo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Oncolytic viruses are considered part of immunotherapy and have shown promise in preclinical experiments and clinical trials. Results from these studies have suggested that tumor microenvironment remodeling is required to achieve an effective response in solid tumors. Here, we assess the extent to which targeting specific mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment optimizes viroimmunotherapy.

Methods: We used RNA-seq analyses to analyze the transcriptome, and validated the results using Q-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Viral activity was analyzed by replication assays and viral titration. Kyn and Trp metabolite levels were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation …

Gain-Of-Signal Assays For Probing Inhibition Of Sars-Cov-2 Mpro/3clpro In Living Cells, Seyed Arad Moghadasi, Morgan A Esler, Yuka Otsuka, Jordan T Becker, Sofia N Moraes, Constance B Anderson, Srinivas Chamakuri, Christopher Belica, Chloe Wick, Daniel A Harki, Damian W Young, Louis Scampavia, Timothy P Spicer, Ke Shi, Hideki Aihara, William L Brown, Reuben S Harris

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The main protease, Mpro, of SARS-CoV-2 is required to cleave the viral polyprotein into precise functional units for virus replication and pathogenesis. Here, we report quantitative reporters for Mpro function in living cells in which protease inhibition by genetic or chemical methods results in robust signal readouts by fluorescence (enhanced green fluorescent protein [eGFP]) or bioluminescence (firefly luciferase). These gain-of-signal systems are scalable to high-throughput platforms for quantitative discrimination between Mpro mutants and/or inhibitor potencies as evidenced by validation of several reported inhibitors. Additional utility is shown by single Mpro amino acid variants and structural information combining to demonstrate that …

Chemotherapy Coupled To Macrophage Inhibition Induces T-Cell And B-Cell Infiltration And Durable Regression In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Swarnima Singh, Nigel Lee, Diego A Pedroza, Igor L Bado, Clark Hamor, Licheng Zhang, Sergio Aguirre, Jingyuan Hu, Yichao Shen, Yitian Xu, Yang Gao, Na Zhao, Shu-Hsia Chen, Ying-Wooi Wan, Zhandong Liu, Jeffrey T Chang, Daniel Hollern, Charles M Perou, Xiang H F Zhang, Jeffrey M Rosen

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Immunosuppressive elements within the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), can present a barrier to successful anti-tumor responses by cytolytic T cells. Here we employed preclinical syngeneic p53 null mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to develop a treatment regimen that harnessed the immunostimulatory effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide coupled with the pharmacologic inhibition of TAMs using either a small molecule CSF1R inhibitor or an anti-CSF1R antibody. This therapeutic combination was effective in treating several highly aggressive TNBC murine mammary tumor and lung metastasis models. Single cell RNA sequencing characterized tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) including helper T cells and antigen-presenting …

Accuracy Of Chest Computed Tomography In Distinguishing Cystic Pleuropulmonary Blastoma From Benign Congenital Lung Malformations In Children, Abigail J Engwall-Gill, Jacqueline M Saito, Rebecca L Hulett Bowling, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: The ability of computed tomography (CT) to distinguish between benign congenital lung malformations and malignant cystic pleuropulmonary blastomas (PPBs) is unclear.

Objective: To assess whether chest CT can detect malignant tumors among postnatally detected lung lesions in children.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective multicenter case-control study used a consortium database of 521 pathologically confirmed primary lung lesions from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2015, to assess diagnostic accuracy. Preoperative CT scans of children with cystic PPB (cases) were selected and age-matched with CT scans from patients with postnatally detected congenital lung malformations (controls). Statistical analysis was performed …

Targeting A Chemo-Induced Adaptive Signaling Circuit Confers Therapeutic Vulnerabilities In Pancreatic Cancer, Xu Feng, Mengfan Tang, Merve Dede, Dan Su, Guangsheng Pei, Dadi Jiang, Chao Wang, Zhen Chen, Mi Li, Litong Nie, Yun Xiong, Siting Li, Jeong-Min Park, Huimin Zhang, Min Huang, Klaudia Szymonowicz, Zhongming Zhao, Traver Hart, Junjie Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Exploiting cancer vulnerabilities is critical for the discovery of anticancer drugs. However, tumor suppressors cannot be directly targeted because of their loss of function. To uncover specific vulnerabilities for cells with deficiency in any given tumor suppressor(s), we performed genome-scale CRISPR loss-of-function screens using a panel of isogenic knockout cells we generated for 12 common tumor suppressors. Here, we provide a comprehensive and comparative dataset for genetic interactions between the whole-genome protein-coding genes and a panel of tumor suppressor genes, which allows us to uncover known and new high-confidence synthetic lethal interactions. Mining this dataset, we uncover essential paralog gene …

Hold That Pose: Capturing Cervical Dystonia's Head Deviation Severity From Video, Zheng Zhang, Joel S Perlmutter, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Deviated head posture is a defining characteristic of cervical dystonia (CD). Head posture severity is typically quantified with clinical rating scales such as the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Because clinical rating scales are inherently subjective, they are susceptible to variability that reduces their sensitivity as outcome measures. The variability could be circumvented with methods to measure CD head posture objectively. However, previously used objective methods require specialized equipment and have been limited to studies with a small number of cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel software system-the Computational Motor Objective Rater …

Computer Simulations And Network-Based Profiling Of Binding And Allosteric Interactions Of Sars-Cov-2 Spike Variant Complexes And The Host Receptor: Dissecting The Mechanistic Effects Of The Delta And Omicron Mutations, Gennady M. Verkhivker, Steve Agajanian, Ryan Kassab, Keerthi Krishnan

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In this study, we combine all-atom MD simulations and comprehensive mutational scanning of S-RBD complexes with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host receptor in the native form as well as the S-RBD Delta and Omicron variants to (a) examine the differences in the dynamic signatures of the S-RBD complexes and (b) identify the critical binding hotspots and sensitivity of the mutational positions. We also examined the differences in allosteric interactions and communications in the S-RBD complexes for the Delta and Omicron variants. Through the perturbation-based scanning of the allosteric propensities of the SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD residues and dynamics-based network centrality and …

Cngpld: Case-Control Copy-Number Analysis Using Gaussian Process Latent Difference, David J H Shih, Ruoxing Li, Peter Müller, W Jim Zheng, Kim-Anh Do, Shiaw-Yih Lin, Scott L Carter

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

MOTIVATION: Cross-sectional analyses of primary cancer genomes have identified regions of recurrent somatic copy-number alteration, many of which result from positive selection during cancer formation and contain driver genes. However, no effective approach exists for identifying genomic loci under significantly different degrees of selection in cancers of different subtypes, anatomic sites or disease stages.

RESULTS: CNGPLD is a new tool for performing case-control somatic copy-number analysis that facilitates the discovery of differentially amplified or deleted copy-number aberrations in a case group of cancer compared with a control group of cancer. This tool uses a Gaussian process statistical framework in order …

Retinal Organoids Derived From Rhesus Macaque Ipscs Undergo Accelerated Differentiation Compared To Human Stem Cells, Antonio Jacobo Lopez, Sangbae Kim, Xinye Qian, Jeffrey Rogers, J Timothy Stout, Sara M Thomasy, Anna La Torre, Rui Chen, Ala Moshiri

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: To compare the timing and efficiency of the development of Macaca mulatta, a nonhuman primate (NHP), induced pluripotent stem cell (rhiPSC) derived retinal organoids to those derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).

RESULTS: Generation of retinal organoids was achieved from both human and several NHP pluripotent stem cell lines. All rhiPSC lines resulted in retinal differentiation with the formation of optic vesicle-like structures similar to what has been observed in hESC retinal organoids. NHP retinal organoids had laminated structure and were composed of mature retinal cell types including cone and rod photoreceptors. Single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted at …

Religiousness And Health Locus Of Control In Polish Physical Education Students, Monika Guszkowska, Anna Kuk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this research was to determine relationships between religious commitment and health locus of control (HLC) for the group of students of the University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland, including gender and study faculty differences. Material/Methods: Full-time students (n = 247) of the Warsaw University of Physical Education were investigated. Religious Commitment Scale (RCS) and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) were used. Results: Few and weak relationships between religious commitment and health locus of control were found; they were stronger within the group of male and physical education students. Cluster analysis by the Ward …

The Diagnostic Value Of Attributes From An Optimum Set Of Variables For Explaining An Outcome In Powerlifting At The Junior Level, Lukasz Plociennik, Igor Rygula, Tomasz Dancewicz, Krzysztof Łukaszuk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The sport of powerlifting has been extensively studied, but there is lack of information on an optimum list of features that explain performance in 19–20-years-old contestants. Therefore, the study aimed at two research objectives: (1) to determine a minimum set of attributes contributing the most information to an outcome; (2) to develop a biometric model describing the sport result. The study group (n = 30) consisted of athletes (aged 19.38 ±0.84) competing in powerlifting. Two methods for collecting information were used: observation and a diagnostic survey. Analytical methods comprised the multiple regression and Hellwig’s method. An analysis revealed that the …

Recommendations For Daytime, Evening, And Nighttime Indoor Light Exposure To Best Support Physiology, Sleep, And Wakefulness In Healthy Adults, Timothy M Brown, George Brainard, Christian Cajochen, Charles A Czeisler, John P Hanifin, Steven W Lockley, Robert J Lucas, Mirjam Münch, John B O'Hagan, Stuart N Peirson, Luke L A Price, Till Roenneberg, Luc J M Schlangen, Debra J Skene, Manuel Spitschan, Céline Vetter, Phyllis C Zee, Kenneth P Wright

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Ocular light exposure has important influences on human health and well-being through modulation of circadian rhythms and sleep, as well as neuroendocrine and cognitive functions. Prevailing patterns of light exposure do not optimally engage these actions for many individuals, but advances in our understanding of the underpinning mechanisms and emerging lighting technologies now present opportunities to adjust lighting to promote optimal physical and mental health and performance. A newly developed, international standard provides a SI-compliant way of quantifying the influence of light on the intrinsically photosensitive, melanopsin-expressing, retinal neurons that mediate these effects. The present report provides recommendations for lighting, …

Astrocyte-Secreted Chordin-Like 1 Regulates Spine Density After Ischemic Injury, Elena Blanco-Suarez, Nicola J Allen

Department of Neuroscience Faculty Papers

Ischemic injury occurs when the brain is deprived of blood flow, preventing cells from receiving essential nutrients. The injury core is the brain region directly deprived and is surrounded by the peri-infarct area, the region with recovery potential. In the peri-infarct area neurons undergo acute loss of dendritic spines, which modifies synaptic plasticity and determines neuronal survival. Astrocytes can be protective or detrimental to the ischemic injury response depending on the specific stage, yet we lack clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Chordin-like 1 (Chrdl1) is an astrocyte-secreted protein that promotes synaptic maturation and limits experience-dependent plasticity in the mouse …