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Youth At The Nexus: Ideology In Hiv Prevention In Nairobi, Kenya, Zohra Ahmed

Scholarly Works

In the fight against HIV/AIDS, the Behavior Change Communication (BCC) model stands as international best practice in preventive education. Ideally, a BCC intervention aims to changes behaviors and attitudes by facilitating group negotiation and introspection, with a resultant improvement in health. However, introducing this best practice model to a group of youth in Nairobi resulted in suboptimal outcomes: they were unaccustomed to expressing themselves in the ways prescribed by the class. To explain this failure, I examine how local discourses produced by parents and teachers communicate agency, sexuality and health, and highlight the diverging practices invoked at home, school and …

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) In Urban India, Heidi A. Manlove

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This thesis research focuses on urban women in India diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a complex metabolic, endocrine and reproductive disorder affecting approximately 5-10% of the female population in developed countries. The prevalence of PCOS is on the rise in developing nations like India, which are undergoing rapid nutritional transitions due to Westernized diets and lifestyle. However, less appreciated in the literature are the developmental psychosocial impacts for women diagnosed with PCOS, especially in developing countries. Thus, the goal of my thesis research was to contribute to the small but growing literature by investigating psychosocial dimensions of …

2011 - The Sixteenth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Sixteenth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 26, 2011. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

An Exploration Of Pharmacognosy And Its Potential In The Multi-Faceted Solution Required To Address Hiv/Aids In Sub-Saharan Africa, Alexandra Sassi

Pell Scholars and Senior Theses

This work has both both biological and anthropoligcal foci. It addresses research done on the medicinal properties of plants and how this research could make positive contributions to the current social and biological issues surrounding the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.

Fracture In Teeth—A Diagnostic For Inferring Bite Force And Tooth Function, Paul J. Constantino, Brian R. Lawn, James J.-W. Lee, Peter W. Lucas

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Teeth are brittle and highly susceptible to cracking. We propose that observations of such cracking can be used as a diagnostic tool for predicting bite force and inferring tooth function in living and fossil mammals. Laboratory tests on model tooth structures and extracted human teeth in simulated biting identify the principal fracture modes in enamel. Examination of museum specimens reveals the presence of similar fractures in a wide range of vertebrates, suggesting that cracks extended during ingestion or mastication. The use of ‘fracture mechanics’ from materials engineering provides elegant relations for quantifying critical bite forces in terms of characteristic tooth …

Wright State University Celebration Of Research, Scholarship And Creative Activities Book Of Abstracts Friday, April 8, 2011, Wright State University Office Of Undergraduate Research And Stemm Activities

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

The student abstract booklet is a compilation of abstracts from students' oral and poster presentations at Wright State University's second annual Celebration of Research, Scholarship and Creative Activities on April 8, 2011.

Tyrie, Betsy (Fa 22), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 22.  "The Life of Dr. C. C. Howard," an oral history project conducted by Betsy Tyrie about Dr. Carl Clifford Howard, the outstanding Glasgow, Kentucky, physician who was instrumental in the fight against tuberculosis and in founding hospitals in Glasgow.  Project contains interviews with Dr. Howard's family, friends, and colleagues as well as archived autobiographical information about Howard.

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - April 3, 2011, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the April 3, 2011 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler

Contents Include

• Noted Author, Orthopaedic Surgeon To Visit USA College of Medicine

• Next Week's DSS - Dr. Lawrence Mandarino

• Cardiology, Pulmonary/Critical Care Fellowship Programs Receive Accreditation Renewal from ACGME

• USA Biomedical Library's Community Day Event To Feature Meteorologist Alan Sealls

• Dr. John E. Oakes Retirement Reception

Soul Medicine: The Role Of Traditional Senegalese Music In A Therapeutic Context, Alexa K. Dorris

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The purpose of this study was to discover the role of traditional Senegalese music used in therapeutic contexts. Specifically, I sought to discover its uses and understand the ideologies and cultural significance behind its usage. I collected data using participant observation, interviewing, and archival research in Dakar and Ngoundiame, a Serrere village, Senegal. I found that music was used for cathartic and healing purposes in two primary schools in Dakar and in the traditional ndepp ceremony, respectively. These usages of music reflected larger themes in Senegalese culture. In conclusion, I recommended that music be integrated into mental health treatment through …

Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School Of Medicine, Professional Enhancement Newsletter, Spring 2011, Darshana Shah

Professional Enhancement News (PEN)

Spring 2011, Volume 3, Number 1

Vulnerability, Risk Perception, And Health Profile Of Marginalized People Exposed To Multiple Built-Environment Stressors In Worcester, Massachusetts: A Pilot Project, Timothy Downs, Laurie Ross, Robert Goble, Rajendra Subedi, Sara Greenberg, Octavia Taylor

Sustainability and Social Justice

Millions of low-income people of diverse ethnicities inhabit stressful old urban industrial neighborhoods. Yet we know little about the health impacts of built-environment stressors and risk perceptions in such settings; we lack even basic health profiles. Difficult access is one reason (it took us 30 months to survey 80 households); the lack of multifaceted survey tools is another. We designed and implemented a pilot vulnerability assessment tool in Worcester, Massachusetts. We answer: (1) How can we assess vulnerability to multiple stressors? (2) What is the nature of complex vulnerability-including risk perceptions and health profiles? (3) How can findings be used …

An Analysis Of How Self-Efficacy Relates To The Driver’S Of The Active Sport Tourist, Debey Grimes

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The active sport tourist is a subset within the tourism industry that can be further analyzed to understand this type of traveler. The driver’s of such a tourist include Risk Theory, Individual’s view, Geographical Approach, Role Theory, Consumer Behavior and Group Based Nostalgia. These drivers are compared and analyzed to self-efficacy and how a sport decision or destination relates to self-efficacy. The sources of self-efficacy are defined and an analysis of the active sport tourist’s relationship through the cognitive, motivational, affective and selection processes are explored.

Marginal Ridge Thickness (Mrt) Of Maxillary Incisors, Mark Foster

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Aim: To determine the marginal ridge thickness (MRT) of maxillary incisors in orthodontic patients and the possible correlation between MRT and Bolton Index.

Methods: 120 pre<–>orthodontic treatment dental casts were collected, following the inclusion criteria: Quality pretreatment upper and lower casts, age 10<–>16, full permanent dentition (except 2nd and 3rd molars), no obvious wear/attrition/abrasion, no proximal restorations or crowns. For each cast, the mesio (M<–>D)distal (M<–>D) widths of the upper and lower teeth from left 1st molar to right 1st molar were measured to calculate Bolton Index. The MRTs of the maxillary incisors were measured in …

Creative And Stylistic Devices Employed By Children During A Storybook Narrative Task: A Cross-Cultural Study, Brenda K. Gorman, Christine Fiestas, Elizabeth Peña, Maya Reynolds Clark

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of culture on the creative and stylistic features children employ when producing narratives based on wordless picture books.

Method: Participants included 60 first- and second-grade African American, Latino American, and Caucasian children. A subset of narratives based on wordless picture books collected as part of a larger study was coded and analyzed for the following creative and stylistic conventions: organizational style (topic centered, linear, cyclical), dialogue (direct, indirect), reference to character relationships (nature, naming, conduct), embellishment (fantasy, suspense, conflict), and paralinguistic devices (expressive sounds, exclamatory utterances).

Results …

Living For Two: Experiencing Alzheimer’S Disease Through The Caregiver, Jacob Kramer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This investigation focuses on the effects of Alzheimer‟s disease beyond the consequences it implicates for the patient. It must be recognized that this is a disease whose repercussions affect the family caregiver of the diseased with the same strength that it disturbs the principal carrier. The sporadic characteristics of Alzheimer‟s disease, externalized through mood swings, memory loss, the eventual loss of bodily functions, and, among other symptoms, the inability to communicate, create a category of instability and volatility experienced solely by the primary caregiver. This inconsistency that the primary family caregiver comes to know not only disturbs the patient-caregiver relationship, …

41st Annual Wku Student Research Conference, Student Research Council, Western Kentucky University

Student Research Conference Select Presentations

No abstract provided.

Seeing The Unseen:Targeting Neonatal Mortality In Rural Vietnam., Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Dimensions Of Aging And Belonging For The Older Person And The Effects Of Ageism, Laurence C. Nolan

Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law

No abstract provided.

Beliefs About Racism And Health Among African American Women With Diabetes: A Qualitative Study, Julie A. Wagner, Lisa M. Budris, Sophia Belay, Howard A. Tennen

UCHC Articles - Research

Exposure to racism has been linked to poor health outcomes. Little is known about the impact of racism on diabetes outcomes. This study explored African American (AA) women’s beliefs about how racism interacts with their diabetes self-management and control. Four focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of 28 adult AA women with type 2 diabetes who were recruited from a larger quantitative study on racism and diabetes. The focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by the authors. Women reported that exposure to racism was a common phenomenon, and their beliefs did in fact link racism to …

Update - March 2011, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- Quid Pro Quo, Quid Vadis - Conflict of Interest Policy of Loma Linda University School of Medicine
-- San Bernardino - A Case Study in Environmental Justice
-- Editorial

[ Claritás - Clarity in Ethics Essay Contest - Health Care: Business or Service? ]
-- First-place 2009 graduate essay winner, Mark Warren, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University
-- Second-place 2009 undergraduate essay winner, Sidney E. Irving, School of Nursing, Loma Linda University

-- 2009 Contributor's Convocation: A New View
-- 2010 Contributor's Convocation: Ethics in the Inland Empire
-- Ethics Alumni Updates

Organs Watch: Possibilities And Perils For Public Anthropology, Roberto Abadie

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Recent technological advances in biomedicine have introduced new therapeutic possibilities but have also contributed to the emergence of a global market for human bodies and body parts. For example, artificial modes of human reproduction created a market for eggs, semen, and surrogate wombs. In addition, organ transfer generated a demand for kidneys and half livers. The whole body has become a valuable commodity as professional research subjects venture into the economy of Phase I Clinical Trials, testing drug safety for pharmaceutical companies. In the process, the trade has become a deeply unequal one in which poor, vulnerable, and easily exploited …

Defining And Assessing Organizational Culture, Jennifer Bellot Phd, Rn, Mhsa

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

PROBLEM.  Using theories from several disciplines, the concept of organizational culture remains controversial. Conflicting definitions, lack of semantic clarity, and debate over the most appropriate methods for assessing organizational culture have led to disagreement over the value and validity of such inquiry.

METHODS.  This paper reviews development of the concept of organizational culture and methods for assessing organizational culture, focusing on the healthcare environment.

FINDINGS.  Most work on organizational culture concerns the traditional corporation. Therefore, some adaptation to the central goals and focus of a human services organization are necessary before application to healthcare settings.

Threlkeld, Matthew Kohl, B. 1985 (Fa 538), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text (click on "Additional File" below) for Folklife Archives Project 538. Matthew Kohl Threlkeld records an urban legend told by Daniel Houghton about running a marijuana operation from a fast food restaurant. This project was a requirement for a folk studies class at Western Kentucky University.

‘How Should I Touch You?’: A Qualitative Study Of Attitudes On Intimate Touch In Nursing Care, Chad O'Lynn, Lorretta Krautscheid

Faculty Publications - College of Nursing

Objective: Although touch is essential to nursing practice, few studies have investigated patients' preferences for how nurses should perform tasks involving touch, especially intimate touch involving private and sometimes anxiety-provoking areas of patients' bodies. Some studies suggest that patients have more concerns about intimate touch from male than female nurses. This study sought to elicit the attitudes of laypersons on intimate touch provided by nurses in general and male nurses in particular.

Methods: A maximum-variation sample of 24 adults was selected and semistructured interviews were conducted in four focus groups. Interviews were recorded and transcribed; thematic analysis was performed.

Results: …

The Paternal Component Of The ‘‘Healthy Migrant’’ Effect: Fathers’ Natality And Infants’ Low Birth Weight, Ambika Krishnakumar, Sandra D. Lane, Meghan Hall, Evaline Tso, Natasha Pinto, William Suk

Falk College Research Center

This study examines the predictors of birth outcomes among women of European and African ancestry and considers the birthplace of the babies’ fathers (foreign born vs. native born) as a protective factor. This is a secondary data analysis of 146,431 singleton births among women of European and African ancestry, both native-born and foreign-born, in a 21 birth hospital region of Central New York State from 1996 to 2003. Foreign born fathers were found to have 15% fewer low birth weight infants than US-born fathers, after controlling for the race and birthplace of the mother, tobacco use and Medicaid. Although this …

Evaluation Of Syracuse Healthy Start’S Program For Abnormal Flora Management To Reduce Preterm Birth Among Pregnant Women, Emilia H. Koumans, Sandra D. Lane, Richard Aubry, Kathleen Demott, Noah Webster, Brooke A. Levandowski

Falk College Research Center

Randomized trials of bacterial vaginosis (BV) treatment among pregnant women to reduce preterm birth have had mixed results. Among non-pregnant women, BV recurs frequently after treatment. Randomized trials of early BV treatment for pregnant women in which recurrence was retreated have shown promise in reducing preterm birth. Syracuse’s Healthy Start (SHS) program began in 1997; in 1998 prenatal care providers for pregnant women living in high infant mortality zip codes were encouraged to screen for abnormal vaginal flora at the first prenatal visit. Vaginal swabs were sent to a referral hospital laboratory for Gram staining and interpretation. SHS encouraged providers …

Comparing Cultural Competence In Graduating Master Of Social Work And Nursing Students, Joanna Guadalupe Rubio, Jamie Anne Webb

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to compare cultural competence between graduating Bachelor of Nursing students and Master of Social Work students. The study participants consisted of 107 students who were graduating from either the MSW program or the Bachelor of Nursing program at California State University, San Bernardino. Participants were asked to complete a cultural competence survey and quantitative data analysis was utilized to compare cultural competence among respondents.

Action Anthropology And Pedagogy: University-Community Collaborations In Setting Policy, Lutchmie Narine, Sandra D. Lane, Robert A. Rubinstein, Inga Back, Caitlin Cornell, Alexander Hodgens, Monique Brantley, Rachel Kramas, Kathleen Keough, Brandon O'Connor, William Suk, Eric Morrissette, Mary Benson

Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition

This article describes a student-led, community-participatory project focused on reducing the burden of childhood lead poisoning in rental housing. A multidisciplinary group of students and faculty worked with community members. We compiled the social, public health, economic, and policy information on the human and fiscal costs of childhood lead poisoning. This analysis was done for community advocates to use to persuade policymakers to enact a local law strengthening the prevention of childhood lead poisoning in rental property. In conducting this work, the students gained experience in qualitative research methods, quantitative data analysis, the health consequences of lead exposure, health policy, …

The Shaping Of Modern Human Immune Systems By Multiregional Admixture With Archaic Humans, Laurent Abi-Rached, Matthew J. Jobin, Subhash Kulkarni, Alasdair Mcwhinnie, Klara Dalva, Loren Gragert, Farbod Babrzadeh, Baback Gharizadeh, Ma Luo, Francis A. Plummer, Joshua Kimani, Mary Carrington, Derek Middleton, Raja Rajalingam, Meral Beksac, Steven G. E. Marsh, Martin Maiers, Lisbeth A. Guethlein, Sofia Tavoularis, Ann-Margaret Little, Richard E. Green, Paul J. Norman, Peter Parham

United States Public Health Resources

Whole genome comparisons identified introgression from archaic to modern humans. Our analysis of highly polymorphic HLA class I, vital immune system components subject to strong balancing selection, shows how modern humans acquired the HLA-B*73 allele in west Asia through admixture with archaic humans called Denisovans, a likely sister group to the Neandertals. Virtual genotyping of Denisovan and Neandertal genomes identified archaic HLA haplotypes carrying functionally distinctive alleles that have introgressed into modern Eurasian and Oceanian populations. These alleles, of which several encode unique or strong ligands for natural killer cell receptors, now represent more than half the HLA alleles of …

Diversity Of The Kir Gene Cluster In An Urban Brazilian Population, D. G. Augusto, L. Zehnder-Alves, M. R. Pincerati, M. P. Martin, Mary Carrington, Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler

United States Public Health Resources

The activity of natural killer cells depends on the balance between activating and inhibitory signals coming from their receptors. Among these are the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) that recognize specific HLA class I allotypes. Here we characterized KIR genetic diversity and their HLA ligands in the population of Curitiba, Paraná State (n=164), and compared it with other worldwide populations. The distribution of 2DL4 alleles was also analyzed. The Curitiba population did not differ significantly from European and Euro-descendant populations, but as an admixed population showed higher genetic diversity. We found 27 KIR profiles, many of them uncommon in European …