Digital Commons Network^™

Tuberculosis-Like Respiratory Infection In 245-Million-Year-Old Marine Reptile Suggested By Bone Pathologies, Dawid Surmik, Tomasz Szczygielski, Katarzyna Janiszewska, Bruce M. Rothschild

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

An absence of ancient archaeological and palaeontological evidence of pneumonia contrasts with its recognition in the more recent archaeological record. We document an apparent infection-mediated periosteal reaction affecting the dorsal ribs in a Middle Triassic eosauropterygian historically referred to as ‘Proneusticosaurus’ silesiacus. High- resolution X-ray microtomography and histological studies of the pathologically altered ribs revealed the presence of a continuous solid periosteal reaction with multiple superficial blebs (protrusions) on the visceral surfaces of several ribs. Increased vascularization and uneven lines of arrested growth document that the pathology was the result of a multi- seasonal disease. While visceral surface localization of …

Skeletal, Dentoalveolar, And Periodontal Changes Of Skeletally Matured Patients With Maxillary Deficiency Treated With Microimplant‐Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Appliances: A Pilot Study, Peter Ngan, Uyen Kelly Nguyen, Tung Nguyen, Timothy Tremont, Chris Martin

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Introduction: Microimplant‐assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has recently been offered to adult patients for correcting maxillary transverse deficiency. However, there is limited information in the literature on the success of this appliance and its skeletal and dental effects on skeletally matured patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal response to MARPE appliance using cone‐beam computed tomography in a skeletally matured patient as assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation method. Materials and Methods: Eight consecutively treated patients (2 females, 6 males; mean age of 21.9 ± 1.5 years) treated with a maxillary skeletal …

Planned Social Network Change And Modern Contraceptive Use In A Rural Ethiopian Community, Mark Edberg, Erica Sedlander, Rajiv Rimal, Jeffrey Bingenheimer, Hina Shaikh, Wolfgang Munar, Lakew Gebretsadik Abebe, Fira Abamecha, Abraham Tamirat Gizaw, Sudhakar Morankar

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Biosocial Criminology Versus The Constitution, Karen E. Balter

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

The continually emerging field of biosocial criminology provides a basis for productively merging biology with sociological reasonings for criminal behavior. Mainstream research in criminology focuses on environmental factors as the sole reason individuals exhibit antisocial behavior patterns and may ultimately commit crimes. Criminological research has travelled in this direction for decades. The current climate within this community subscribes heavily to the notion that biology has very little to do with why people behave the way they do, and if it did, government control would be the norm. The nature of biocriminology opens a door through which constitutional issues may enter. …

Psychotropic Medications And Children: Perceptions Of Mental Health Professionals, Elinor Jane Brereton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This project explores mental health professionals' perspectives on the prescription of psychotropic medications to children. It emphasizes the placement of biomedicine within its larger social, economic, and political context, and the influence these structures have on the way mental illness is conceptualized and treated in children. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted in Denver, Colorado with psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and a pharmaceutical board member to capture multiple perspectives from different positionalities within the field. Participants discussed factors that they believe influence prescribing practices including: professional role changes, issues of access, limited evidence, cost, and institutional pressures to practice within a …

Cephalometric Analysis Of Growth And Treatment With The Structural Technique: A Review Of Its Background And Clinical Application, Ib Leth Nielsen

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

The aim of this review is to provide the fundamental basis and scientific evidence for the so-called “structural technique.” In this article we will discuss the benefits and challenges of this technique as well as present and compare it to the so-called “best fit” technique. Furthermore, we will introduce the three parts of the analysis, most commonly used for evaluation of growth and treatment changes. The “structural technique” developed by Professor Arne Björk and his associate Dr. Vibeke Skieller is the result of their longitudinal studies using metallic implants as biological markers. These studies showed that most of the information …

The Impact Of Sexual Education On Decreasing Adolescent Pregnancy In Nicaragua, Allison Greenwood

Theses and Graduate Projects

Half of the females of Nicaragua will have given birth by their 20th birthday.1 Nicaragua has one of the highest fertility rates in the world and exceeds the fertility rate average in Latin America with 109 (births per 1000 females aged 15-19) compared to the average of 79 births.1,2 Young maternal age is linked to higher incidences of pregnancy complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality.2 Nicaragua’s high adolescent pregnancy rate is a result of a multifactorial social and political climate. The initiation of a teen's sexual debut is complex and hinges on multiple factors from …

Barriers To Contraceptive Use In Nicaragua, Ellen Motley

Theses and Graduate Projects

Many barriers to contraceptive use exist in sexually active Nicaraguan women, leading to increasingly high rates of unintended pregnancies among these women. Higher rates of depression, domestic abuse, and unemployment are also seen in this group of women. These women face more complications during pregnancy and receive higher rates of unsafe abortions, impacting the mom and the infant, as well as the community in which they live. Some of the barriers to contraceptive use include lack of access to healthcare, lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods, negative attitudes about contraceptives, providers’ fear of criticism, previous dissatisfaction or contraceptive failure, family …

Program And Proceedings: Nebraska Academy Of Sciences 1880–2018, 138th Anniversary Year, One Hundred-Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting

Nebraska Academy of Sciences: Programs and Proceedings

Program

Aeronautics and Space Science

Collegiate Academy: Biology

Biological and Medical Sciences

Chemistry and Physics>/p>

Collegiate Academy: Chemistry and Physics

Learn to Print 3-D Models for Your Classroom Workshop

Aeronautics and Space Science Poster Session

Maiben Memorial Lecture: Thomas Clemente

Anthropology

Applied Science and Technology

Earth Science

Environmental Sciences

Teaching of Science and Mathematics

Friend of Science Award: Mary Kalen Romjue and Michael Sibbernsen

On Lgbt Studies At Vcu: An Interview With Richard Godbeer, Amita Rao, Emily Furlich

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

No abstract provided.

College Choice In Distance-Based Nursing Programs, Jill Lansing

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The expansion and diversification of postsecondary education in the United States has led to greater options for students and prospective students for pursuing a college degree. An important trend in higher education today is distance education. Despite the growing prevalence of distance learning opportunities and the expanding body of research on distance education, research on the college-going decisions of distance learners is sparse. As more students enroll in distance-based higher education programs, it is increasingly important to understand how and why students make the decision to enroll in collegiate degree-granting programs. This study bridges the college choice and distance education …

Understanding Haitian Women’S Health Care In Immokalee, Florida, Usa, Michele Leigh Flippo Bolduc

Theses and Dissertations--Geography

This social science research project takes a critical approach to understanding the health of a population by using the health care system as an entry point through which we can see how large-scale social processes produce a particular health care landscape in the rural, im/migrant farmworker community of Immokalee, Florida, USA. Using a multi-scalar analysis of health care, I investigate how anti-immigrant legislation and neoliberal economics influence the experience of health care for health care providers and Haitian im/migrant women navigating these processes. First, I argue that anti-immigrant and pro-market discourses have been successful in limiting the accessibility to health …

Trends In The Hiv Epidemic Among Men Who Have Sex With Men In Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2004-2014, David W. Forrest, Gabriel Cardenas, Charlene S. Dodson, Lisa R. Metsch, Marlene Lalota, Emma Spencer

Florida Public Health Review

Miami, Florida has a large population of Hispanic and black men who have sex with men (MSM), a population more likely to become HIV infected than white MSM. We present here HIV behavioral trends in this population that reflect the effects of public health prevention in Miami over a 10-year period. Using National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) data of MSM in Miami-Dade County, Florida, in 2004-05, 2008, 2011 and 2014, chi-square trend analyses were used to assess the epidemiologic trends related to HIV infection rates, HIV testing rates, undiagnosed HIV infection, use antiretroviral therapy (ART) and access to HIV care. …

A Longitudinal Analysis Of Shiftwork And Self-Reported Depression In A Police Cohort, Meghan Holst

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Shiftwork is associated with many chronic diseases stemming from the disruption of circadian rhythms. Police officers have a high risk for many adverse conditions including depression. Abnormal bodily functions, such as increased stress and disturbed sleeping patterns, may play an important role in the development and severity of depression. This study was designed to assess the association between depressive symptoms and shiftwork in a police cohort from Buffalo, NY

Methods: This longitudinal analysis consists of 470 police officers from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) study. Data were collected during visit 3 between 2004-2005 and visit …

Elements Of Expatriate Adjustment In Host Country Organizations, Denise Suzanne Schickel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Globalization and international business increasingly require the services of skilled expatriates in overseas offices. Over the past 50 years, numerous studies have focused on various factors affecting expatriate adjustment, primarily through quantitative research, reaching no conclusions on what factors in cross-cultural training would guarantee expatriate success. Expatriate failure has high personal and organizational costs. The purpose of this study was to use the qualitative methodology of narrative inquiry to investigate the adjustment, transition, and repatriation experience as a holistic process. Two theoretical constructions, Bandura's social learning theory, applied to the learning process in an international assignment, and social identity theory, …

Cultural Perspectives On African American Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior In Central Mississippi, Debra Suzette Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In 2015, Mississippi had the 3rd highest adolescent birth rate in the United States, high rates of sexually transmitted diseases, and enduring racial disparities between African American and White teenagers. Few researchers have described the immediate cultural environment to determine how it may influence the sexual behaviors and attitudes of African American teens. The purpose of this qualitative ethnographic study was to describe the sociocultural environment of African American adolescents in Mississippi that influences their sexual behavior by exploring the knowledge, feelings, experiences and beliefs of African American adults. The social cognitive theory was used as a theoretical framework to …

Explaining Homegrown Western Jihadists: The Importance Of Western Foreign Policy, Clark R. Mccauley

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

In both the United States and Europe, explanations of homegrown radicalization emphasize the power of Salafi-jihadist ideology and Muslim experiences of discrimination and socioeconomic deprivation in Western countries. Polls of U.S. and European Muslims, and case histories of jihadist plots for attacks in the United States, indicate that another source of homegrown radicalization is Western foreign policy, especially Western interventions in predominantly Muslim countries. Poll results support a two-factor model in which seeing the war on terrorism as a war on Islam is predicted by both perceived discrimination and grievance related to Western foreign policy. Consistent with this model, UK …

The Anorexic's Anorexia: Depictions Of Anorexia In Popular Culture, Samantha L. Tomson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Barriers And Perceptions To Obtaining Palliative Care In The Emergency Department, Jacqueline Lucille Saucier

Dissertations

Background:

Purpose: This study explored barriers and perceptions of providing palliative care services while patients are in the emergency department (ED) in order to increase the>likelihood of caregivers to elicit palliative care methodologies for patients with chronic illness, who are not necessarily at the end of life, but rather who are identified through repeated visits to the ED.

Design and Methods: A mixed methods approach was used to explore the barriers and perceptions of providing palliative care services in the ED. By using a qualitative approach, evidenced by grounded theory, this study explored the barriers and perceptions of providing …

Problematic Child Mealtime Behavior And Caregiver Mobile Phone Use, Libby Milkovich, Meredith Dreyer, Brooke Sweeney, Sarah Nyp, Ben Black

Posters

BACKGROUND

Problematic mealtime behaviors (PMB) (externalizing behavior at mealtime) have been seen anthropologically when adult caregivers are absorbed in their mobile phones. Parents with mobile phone problematic use (MPPU) are more likely to be absorbed in a mobile device. Neither the correlation of MPPU to PMB, nor the frequency of PMB to perceived impairment of problem behavior have been quantitatively studied.

OBJECTIVE

Evaluate correlation of caregiver MPPU and child PMB to improve understanding of the possible implications of caregiver MPPU

METHODS

Participants included caregivers of children ages 2-8 years being seen in a pediatric hospital clinic. Participants completed a survey …

University Of Nebraska At Omaha 2018-2019 Course Catalog, University Of Nebraska At Omaha

Undergraduate Catalogs

Located in one of America’s best cities to live, work and learn, the University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO) is Nebraska’s premier metropolitan university. With more than 15,000 students enrolled in 200-plus programs of study, UNO is recognized nationally for its online education, graduate education, military friendliness, and community engagement efforts.Founded in 1908, UNO has served learners of all backgrounds for more than 100 years and is dedicated to another century of excellence both in the classroom and in the community.

Public Health Implications Of Metal Ash Concentrations From Prescribed Burns: A Study Of Open Jarrah Forests, John Edwards

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Ash is not a homogenous product. It is the solid residue of combustion and contains a complex mixture of chemical products. The fire that produces ash is non-discriminatory in that it will burn anything that is combustible. The ash residue resulting from fires varies and is dependent on its source, and burn characteristics such as the temperature of the fire. Ash comprises particles of carbon, soot and trace elements. Ash presents public health risk to people and communities, through direct and indirect ingestion, inhalation and absorption. The health effects of ash exposure are not limited to symptoms affecting the eyes, …

Stories Of Strength: Chicago Latin@S' Navigation Of Health, Well-Being, And Chronic Disease, Lilian L. Milanés

Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology

Health inequalities take many forms related to race, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnic, language and many other axes throughout communities around the world. Type two diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are examples of conditions (among many others) that disproportionately affect Latino@s in the U.S.. The research of this dissertation is based on fieldwork conducted throughout several predominantly Latin@ neighborhoods in Chicago, IL. This dissertation examines how Latin@s in Chicago navigate health and well-being, and how they engage in agentive strategies in the face of chronic disease. I recorded individual life histories and semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observation …

How Are Educated Women In Ghana Regulating Fertility Without High Levels Of Modern Contraceptive Use?, Kazuyo Machiyama, Cicely Marston, Nancy Termini Lachance, Terence Adda-Balinia, Placide Tapsoba

Reproductive Health

While Ghana has made striking gains in enabling its women to use family planning to reduce family size—the total fertility rate shifted from 7.0 to 4.2 children per woman from the 1970s to the 2010s—the Strengthening Evidence for Programming on Unintended Pregnancy (STEP UP) studies found that educated women in Ghana are achieving their fertility goals by limited use of highly effective contraceptive methods. Their fertility regulation strategies involve contraceptive method mosaics that have not been captured by the DHS. This evidence summary aggregates research from the STEP UP Research Programme Consortium along with other related evidence to explore this …

Changes In Fgm/C In Somaliland: Medical Narrative Driving Shift In Types Of Cutting, Richard A. Powell, Mohamed Yussuf

Reproductive Health

In Somalia, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) prevalence is nearly universal at 98 percent. This qualitative study sought to explore: 1) views and experiences of married and unmarried men and women on FGM/C and potential changes in its practice; 2) individual, family, and societal factors contributing to any changes, or continuation of FGM/C; 3) the knowledge, views, and experiences of healthcare workers who offer FGM/C services and their role as change agents rather than providers; and 4) how healthcare systems’ capacities can be strengthened for management and prevention. The study finds that normative changes appear to be occurring in Somaliland society …

Shifts In Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: Perspectives Of Families And Health Care Providers, Samuel Kimani, Caroline W. Kabiru

Reproductive Health

Despite compelling reasons and efforts to eradicate female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Kenya, the practice has persisted, albeit with some changes. This study sought to understand the shifts in FGM/C among families and healthcare providers from selected Kenyan communities that practice FGM/C. Our findings highlight similarities and differences across three distinct Kenyan communities. FGM/C appears to persist through two models: first, shifts (changes) in the practice, notably cutting at a younger age, lesser cutting; and second, through stability and consistency with minimal change. The two diverse models appear to rely on and sustain social norms that support FGM/C in these …

Trends In Medicalisation Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: What Do The Data Reveal?, Bettina Shell-Duncan, Carolyne Njue, Zhuzhi Moore

Reproductive Health

Despite the emergence of international consensus that female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a violation of human rights, a focus on medicalization remains salient because of concerns that FGM/C is increasingly being performed by healthcare professionals and may be impeding progress toward abandonment of FGM/C. To investigate these claims, this study draws on nationally representative survey data from 26 countries, and addresses the following three questions: 1) What are the major patterns and trends in medicalisation? 2) Is there an association between medicalization and rates of change in prevalence of FGM/C? and 3) Is there an association between medicalization and support …

The Frequency Attenuations Of Foam Ear Plugs Affected By User Error Of College Students, Alyse J. Lemoine

Honors Theses

This paper examines the relationship between the attenuating ability of foam ear plugs at low and high frequencies and the effects of incorrect ear plug fitting by college students. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (1998) recommends the use of a hearing protection device (HPD) such as ear muffs or ear plugs to avoid noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). However, when not inserted properly, a HPD's effectiveness can be adversely affected by user error and present as a decrease in attenuation. Attenuation is measured and presented on packaging as the noise reduction rating (NRR). A high NRR affected …

Water Insecurity And Gendered Risk For Depression In Rural Uganda: A Hotspot Analysis, Christine E. Cooper-Vince, Hawk Arachy, Bernard Kakuhikire, Dagmar Vořechovská, Rumbidzai Mushavi, C. Baguma, Amy Q. Mcdonough, David R. Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:

Water insecurity is linked to depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), though it remains unclear how geospatial clustering of water insecurity in rural regions is associated with risk for depression.

Methods: We conducted a population-based survey of a rural parish in southwestern Uganda (N = 1603) to evaluate the joint geospatial clustering of water insecurity and risk for depression among men and women living in rural Uganda.

Results:

Geospatial clustering of self-reported water insecurity and depressive symptoms was found to be present among both men and women. Depression hotspots were more often observed near water insecurity hotspots among …

Is Virtual Reality An Effective Pain Management Treatment During Wound Care Of Pediatric Burn Patients?, Angelica Mcgowan

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is virtual reality an effective pain management treatment during the wound care of pediatric burn patients?”

Study Design: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published, in English, in peer-reviewed journals between 2008-2014.

Data Sources: The three RCTs were found using the PubMed and Ovid databases.

Outcomes measured: All three studies measured pain perception and intensity using self-reporting questionnaires, and visual analogue scales.

Results: Jeffs et al. and Miller et al. both showed that patients using the virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) mechanisms …