Digital Commons Network^™

Coproid Predicts The Source Of Coprolites And Paleofeces Using Microbiome Composition And Host Dna Content, Maxime Borry, Bryan Cordova, Angela Perri, Marsha Wibowo, Tanvi Prasad Honap, Jada Ko, Kate Britton, Linus Girdland-Flink, Robert C. Power, Ingelise Stuijts, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Courtney Hofman, Richard Hagan, Thérèse Samdapawindé Kagoné, Nicolas Meda, Helene Carabin, David Jacobson, Karl Reinhard, Cecil Lewis, Aleksandar Kostic, Choongwon Jeong, Alexander Herbig, Alexander Hübner, Christina Warinner

Karl Reinhard Publications

Shotgun metagenomics applied to archaeological feces (paleofeces) can bring new insights into the composition and functions of human and animal gut microbiota from the past. However, paleofeces often undergo physical distortions in archaeological sediments, making their source species difficult to identify on the basis of fecal morphology or microscopic features alone. Here we present a reproducible and scalable pipeline using both host and microbial DNA to infer the host source of fecal material. We apply this pipeline to newly sequenced archaeological specimens and show that we are able to distinguish morphologically similar human and canine paleofeces, as well as non-fecal …

Diet Analysis Reveals Pre-Historic Meals Among The Loma San Gabriel At La Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos, Rio Zape, Mexico (600–800 Ce), Elisa Pucu, Julia Russ, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Coprolites have been a source of study for archeologists due to several reasons: they not only provide information on the life and nutritional habits of ancient individuals but also on their health. In this paper, we processed 10 coprolites collected at La Cueva de Los Muertos Chiquitos (600–800 CE), Rio Zape, Mexico, with acetolysis solution for pollen analysis. The number of pollen grains/gram of each coprolite sample was quantified along with the macroscopic remains of these samples. The main food item ingested by the population was maize, followed by Agave. Squash blossoms were also part of their food source …

Signaling Mechanism Responsible For 5-Ht2a Receptor Tolerance To Psychedelic Induced Head-Twitch Behavior In Mice, Audrey R. Mcmurtrie

Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in psychedelic compounds stemming from their promising use as therapeutic agents and research tools that can be used to treat and study several neuropsychiatric disorders. Psychedelics have proven useful in a broad range of these diseases - they serve as models for psychosis in schizophrenia but have also had promising results in treating major depressive disorder, anxiety, and other common disorders. Decreased stigmatization surrounding psychedelics has further increased their use in research and clinical settings. In light of these trends and the promising nature of their use, a thorough understanding of …

"[It's] More Than Just Medicine": The Value And Sustainability Of Mandatory, Non-Clinical, Short-Term Rural Placements In A Western Australian Medical School, Daniel Vujcich, Sandy Toussaint, Donna B. Mak

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Introduction: In 2005, the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine (Western Australia) established a mandatory, non-clinical rural and remote (hereafter termed rural) health placement program delivered in 2 weeks over 2 years, largely resourced by voluntary human capital. Our study investigated whether the program: (1) encouraged medical graduates to seek rural employment; (2) enhanced their ability to meet rural people’s health needs; and (3) was sustainable.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study collected data using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with graduates and placement hosts. Data were transcribed, coded and analysed using Framework Analysis to identify key themes.

Results: Twenty-eight medical graduates …

Lived Experience Of Parenting Nurses Pursuing A Doctorate: A Phenomenological Inquiry, Jaimee Feldstein

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The need for more doctoral prepared nurses is evident; data indicate that less than 1% of nurses hold doctoral degrees, yet, little is known about student persistence in doctoral nursing programs. Even less is known about doctoral nursing students navigating an online learning environment while balancing parenthood. The purpose of this phenomenological study, guided by Rovai’s composite persistence model, was to explore the embedded meanings in the experiences of parenting nurses pursuing their doctoral degrees at an online university. Ten female parenting nurses who completed a doctorate within the last 2 years were interviewed and shared the key factors that …

Demographics, Naloxone Accessibility, And Repeat Opioid Overdose In The United States, Craig Hamp Booker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Approximately 2.1 million people in the United States suffer from opioid use disorder, and over 47,600 people die from opioid-related overdoses each year. Opioid overdose is often treated with naloxone, a quick-acting medication that counteracts the effects of an overdose. This quantitative, correlational study was conducted to determine whether demographics (gender, age, and race) and naloxone accessibility were predictors of repeat opioid overdose in a Tennessee county in the United States. The study was developed and conducted using principles of the diffusion of innovations theory. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using secondary, county-level data (n = 967) from emergency …

A Phenomenological Inquiry Into The Client Experience Of The Psychotherapy Relationship, Mark D. Knutzen

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Meta-analyses have indicated that there are likely common factors across varied treatment modalities that account for the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Research has attempted to identify therapist and treatment relationship components that correlate with effective mental health treatment. Yet, there is a paucity of research directly addressing the qualitative experience of the relationship between psychotherapists and their clients.

Eight adult psychotherapy clients were interviewed regarding their experience of the psychotherapy relationship with their mental health therapist. The interviews were analyzed through the use of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Seven themes emerged. Three themes related to the formation, and overall foundation of …

Sando Pea: Between Tradition And Health Challenge Among Kaluppini Indigenous People, Nurbaya -, Wahyu Chandra

Antropologi Indonesia

Sando pea was a name for traditional birth attendants among Kaluppini people of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The presence of traditional birth attendants was considered one of the factors that cause delays in accessing health facilities for mothers. It resulted in high maternal mortality rate, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. The study aimed to explore and describe the role of traditional birth attendants among Kaluppini people and the health challenges faced by this community in accessing health facilities. Using qualitative approach, data were collected through indepth interviews and focus group discussions. A total of 6 sando peas and 67 mothers …

Student Perceptions Of Research In An Occupational Therapy Doctoral Program: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Kristin A. Valdes, Stephanie Dalton, Deandra Modeste, Jacqueline J. Moskalczyk, Troy Olmo, Jacklynn M. Smith

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Student perceptions of research in graduate programs play a role within the Occupational Therapy Doctorate (OTD) curriculum and how future clinicians value Evidence Based Practice and research. The Student Perception of Research Integration Questionnaire (SPRIQ) was utilized to examine students’ perceptions of research in their graduate coursework. Participants included in this study were all students enrolled in an occupational therapy doctorate program. All items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Mean scores were calculated for each item on the respondents’ submissions. The items were further categorized into subscales. The mean score of all items of the SPRIQ was 4.44 …

Insights On The Development Of Qualitative Research In Nursing In India, Mamatha Shivananda Pai Dr, Shalini G. Nayak Ms

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Qualitative research is gaining recognition in health care. Health professionals are involved in qualitative research methods to generate evidence. Nursing is part of healthcare and little is known about the involvement of nurses in generating evidence through qualitative research in India. This paper explores the insights on the development of qualitative research in India among nurses thus encouraging the qualitative research among nursing.

Fleshy Encounters: Meddling With Zoo And Aquarium Veterinarians, Irus Braverman

Journal Articles

This article aims to make visible expert practices that take place behind closed doors and that are perceived as being of no concern to the public, who wouldn’t understand them anyway. The experts that this article is concerned with are medical practitioners of a particular kind: zoo and aquarium veterinarians. I utilize both text and multimedia presentations to allow the veterinarians I interviewed to directly explain their work to the reader, who may then experience this work, the space and environment where it is performed, and the tools with which it is conducted, on a more affective and sensorial plane. …

Ehr Phenotyping For Research Recruitment: Researcher, Irb, And Physician Perspectives On Approaches To Contacting Patients, Laura M. Beskow, Kahtleen M. Brelsford, Catherine Hammack-Aviran

Law Faculty Scholarship

This qualitative study investigates stakeholder perspectives on the use of electronic health record (EHR) phenotyping to identify and recruit patients for clinical research. Interviews with researchers, institutional review board (IRB) chairs, and primary care physicians explored attitudes toward different approaches for contacting potentially eligible patients. Key themes included trust, privacy, research efficiency, and the impact of recruitment practices on physician–patient relationships. While participants generally viewed both physician-mediated and direct researcher contact as acceptable, many preferred physician involvement to maintain trust and credibility. The study also explored opt-in and opt-out recruitment strategies, revealing divided opinions regarding their appropriateness. The findings highlight …

The Sixth Sense That Gives Burdens: Narratives And Explanations On The 'Gifted People's Encounters With The Supernatural, Ratna Andriani Fabrian

Antropologi Indonesia

In Jakarta, stories of people experiencing ghosts were not uncommon or peculiar. For some people, a given sixth sense allows them to gain advantages by communicating with the supernatural—this is considered as a gift. But, this ‘gift’ carries a side-effect, that is, the bearers may often get disturbed by ghosts due to their own supernatural sensitivity. To protect themself from supernatural disturbances, the bearers have to refrain from committing certain actions and have to constantly and solemnly pray. However, if they find the disturbances unbearable, they may visit a spiritual healer who has more power in controlling the supernatural. This …

Emotional Response To Climate Change Learning: An Existential Inquiry, Jennifer Hutchinson

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This qualitative study aims to explore and explain the existential underpinnings of learning about climate change and potential emotional responses to climate change learning. Undergraduate students in environmental sciences and studies classes at the University of Washingrounded theory on in Seattle, WA participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked about their experiences learning about climate change and how they responded emotionally to the learning. This dissertation examines the responses from those interviews and builds a theory out of the data analyzed. Constructivist Grounded theory as outlined by Kathy Charmaz (2014) was used to analyze the interviews. Codes were created and …

Childhood Obesity In California: The Impact Of School Lunch Options And Physical Education Standards In Public Elementary Schools, Audrey Connell

Scripps Senior Theses

Obesity is a biosocial phenomenon in that it is shaped by both biological and social processes. On the biological level, excess body fat increases one’s risk of placing the body in a non-homeostatic state that can weaken the immune response. On the social level, social inequalities are linked to obesity in the United States where racial and ethnic minority communities with low education and high poverty rates bear the largest burden of obesity. In various institutions, multiple actors such as food marketers, public health officials, policy makers, and school administrators dictate the opportunities available to children for them to reach …

The Dietary Decision-Making Process Of Women In Nigeria, Gachomo Joanne Mapis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nigerians have been opting for a more processed Western diet. These changes in dietary choices have aligned with obesity and undernutrition, attributable to micronutrient deficiencies or malnutrition. Many scholars have presented varying intervention strategies ranging from consumption of a variety of foods containing the necessary micronutrients to food fortification. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the perceptions of women in an urban city in Nigeria on indigenous foods and Western dietary influences to determine social interactions, the consequence of the interactions, and the women’s current perceptions of food choices. The social-ecological model was used to explore …

Verbal Abuse Toward Early Career Nurses And The Effect To Workforce Operations, Steven G. Purdon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractSeveral studies report that healthcare workers face verbal abuse from patients, patients’ family members, and other healthcare personnel at increasingly higher rates, and trends depict early-career registered nurses (ECRNs) are affected disproportionally. This negative trend can affect the future registered nurse (RN) workforce and create a potential shortfall of qualified nurses. It has become increasingly important for hospital administrators to mitigate verbal abuse among ECRNs to manage their future RN workforce. This purpose of this quantitative study was to empirically evaluate the effects of verbal abuse towards ECRNs. This study used the social exchange theory to provide a framework that …

Bioaccumulation Monitoring Of Chemical Contaminants In Mussels Mytilus Galloprovincialis From The Southern Coast Of The Marmara Sea, Turkey, Serhat Çolakoğlu, İbrahi̇m Ender Küni̇li̇, Fatma Çolakoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mytilus galloprovincialis , the Mediterranean mussel, is an important shellfish species that constitutes the majority of production and consumption among bivalve mollusks in Turkey. Since shellfish can accumulate toxic chemicals from seawater, it is important to monitor bioaccumulation from their natural beds. For this reason, in this study, the aim was to monitor the levels of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and toxic metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) in M. galloprovincialis collected from the southern coast of the Marmara Sea from 2014 to 2017. According to the results, the maximum levels of dioxins, PAHs, and …

Cranial Size And Shape Sexual Dimorphism In The Kangal Dog From Turkey, Pere Miquel Parés-Casanova, Abu Bakar Siddiq, Vedat Onar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study has so far been the first attempt to characterize and quantify skull sexual variation in Kangal dog, by means of geometric morphometric techniques. A sample of 16 adult Kangal crania has been analyzed with this purpose. To obtain a full image of morphological pattern, digital pictures were taken from the ventral, left lateral, and dorsal sides of each skull, and a total of 16, 15, and 16 landmarks respectively were obtained on each image. Skull size and shape differed significantly in all aspects among different sexes, male skulls being bigger. Shape differences were observed mainly on zygomatic arch …

Sexual Analysis In Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) Neurocranium Using Geometricmorphometric Methods, Ozan Gündemi̇r, Ermi̇ş Özkan, Mustafa Orhun Dayan, Sedat Aydoğdu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to obtain morphometric data by applying geometric analysis to the neurocranium of the turkey and to statistically reveal the differences between males and females using these data. In the present study, 14 (7 males, 7 females) turkey skulls were used. The neurocrania of the samples were photographed and put into an electronic environment to be marked. Neurocrania were examined from 4 different regions (caudal, ventral, dorsal, and lateral). Compared to PC1 obtained in dorsal sampling, the difference between points 9 and 10 and 3 to 2 was significantly higher in males. Caudal examination showed …

Oral Probiotic Supplementation As An Adjunct To Non-Surgical Therapy In Peri-Implantitis Lesions: A Pilot Study, Po-Ning Polly Huang

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: During the last decade, the results of several clinical studies suggested that oral probiotics may potentially improve oral health. The first study examining the effects of probiotics on oral health demonstrated that almost every patient with gingivitis, periodontitis or pregnancy gingivitis, had significant improvements in measurable periodontal indices when they were treated with a locally administered culture supernatant of a Lactobacillus acidophilus strain. This finding sparked several other studies to further examine the potential for treating oral diseases, such as, combating halitosis, oral candidiasis, and dental caries with probiotics. Of our interest, Fernandez et al. and Hollstrom et al. …

Pinworm Research In The Southwest Usa: Five Decades Of Methodological And Theoretical Development And The Epidemiological Approach, Morgana Camacho, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Pinworms infected Ancestral Pueblo populations since early periods of occupation on the Colorado Plateau. The high prevalence of pinworm found in these populations was correlated with the habitation style developments through time. However, in previous studies, Turkey Pen Cave, an early occupation site, and Salmon Ruins, a late occupation site, exhibited prevalences that were anomalously low, suggesting that these sites were outliers. Alternatively, it is possible that the previous quantification method was not successful in detecting the real prevalence and eggs per gram, which led to inexact interpretations. The aims of this study were to verify if previous pinworm prevalences …

Effects Of Relative Inertial Load On Performance Measures And Quadriceps Electromyography During Flywheel Resistance Training Squats, Jason Todd Brantley Jr.

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Flywheel resistance training (FRT) has become an increasingly popular modality for exercising due to its unique application of providing external resistance. Little is known about how changes in relative inertial loads affects performance and electromyography (EMG) activity. The purpose of this study was to examine how performance metrics and quadriceps EMG activity are affected by relative inertial load during FRT-based squats. Fifteen resistance trained individuals completed five sets of five repetitions of squats with varying relative inertial loads in random order. Peak Eccentric Power (PEP), Peak Concentric Power (PCP), average force, total work, and repetition time were measured. Surface level …

The Chemical Lives Of Young Filipinos, Gideon Lasco

Development Studies Faculty Publications

Many young Filipinos are using a wide array of ‘chemicals’ that structure, and are structured by, their everyday lives. These chemicals - cosmetics, supplements, narcotics, beverages - range from local to foreign, cheap to expensive, licit to illicit; orally ingested to topically applied, and are used for different reasons in a variety of contexts. This chapter analyzes and seeks to make sense of the use of chemicals by young Filipinos.

Nasa Dugo (‘It’S In The Blood’): Lay Conceptions Of Hypertension In The Philippines, Gideon Lasco, Jhaki Mendoza, Alicia Renedo, Maureen L. Seguin, Benjamin Palafox, Lia M. Palileo-Villanueva, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Antonio L. Dans, Dina Balabanova, Martin Mckee

Development Studies Faculty Publications

Introduction: Understanding explanatory models is important for hypertension, a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. This article aims to determine what adult patients with hypertension in the Philippines attribute their condition to, how these views might be explained and what the implications are for hypertension management. Methods: This is a qualitative study drawing on 71 semistructured interviews (40 initial and 31 follow-up) and four focus group discussions with patients diagnosed with hypertension. The setting was urban and rural low-income communities in the Philippines. Results: Four prominent perceived causes were identified—genetics, heat, stress and diet—for what patients refer to …

Hypothetical Human Immune Genome Complex Gradient May Help To Explain The Congenital Zika Symdrome Catastrophe In Brazil: A New Theory, F. R. S. Oliveira, C. C. Bresani-Salvi, C. N. L. Morais, A. W. Bigham, U. Braga-Neto, Gladys E. Maestre, John L. Vandeberg, E. T. A. Marques, B. Acioli-Santos

School of Medicine Publications

There are few data considering human genetics as an important risk factor for birth abnormalities related to ZIKV infection during pregnancy, even though sub-Saharan African populations are apparently more resistant to CZS as compared to populations in the Americas. We hypothesized that single nucleotide variants (SNVs), especially in innate immune genes, could make some populations more susceptible to Zika congenital complications than others. Differences in the SNV frequencies among continental populations provide great potential for Machine Learning techniques. We explored a key immune genomic gradient between individuals from Africa, Asia and Latin America, working with complex signatures, using 297 SNVs. …

Morphological Production Accuracy Patterns In Younger And Older Spanish-English Bilingual Children, Isabel Angelica Cano

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Clinicians require a model of typical bilingual language development. Morphological production accuracy patterns vary in Spanish-English (S-E) bilingual children considering differences in the exposure and use of their two languages compared to their monolingual peers. The purpose of the current study was to examine morphological production accuracy patterns in thirty younger (3- to 4-years old) and older (5- to 6-years old) S-E bilingual children utilizing English and Spanish Morphosyntax subtests from a bilingual language screener. Across development, older bilingual children were more accurate on all forms in both English and Spanish than younger bilingual children. Across languages, all S-E bilingual …

Global Variability Of The Human Igg Glycome, Jerko Stambuk, Natali Nakic, Frano Vuckovic, Maja Pucic-Bakovic, Genadij Razdorov, Irena Trbojevic-Akmacic, Mislav Novokmet, Toma Keser, Marija Vilaj, Tamara Stambuk, Ivan Gudelj, Mirna Simurina, Manshu Song, Hao Wang, Marijana Pericic Salihovic, Harry Campbell, Igor Rudan, Ivana Kolcic, Leigh Anne Eller, Paul Mckeigue, Merlin L. Robb, Jonas Halfvarson, Metin Kurtoglu, Vito Annese, Tatjana Skaric-Juric, Mariam Molokhia, Ozren Polasek, Caroline Hayward, Hannah Kibuuka, Kujtim Thaqi, Dragan Primorac, Christian Geieger, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Tim Spector, Youxin Wang, Therese Tillin, Nish Chaturvedi, James F. Wilson, Moses Schanfield, Maxim Filipenko, Wei Wang, Gordan Lauc

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant serum antibody which structural characteristics and effector functions are modulated through the attachment of various sugar moieties called glycans. Composition of the IgG N-glycome changes with age of an individual and in different diseases. Variability of IgG glycosylation within a population is well studied and is known to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. However, global inter-population differences in IgG glycosylation have never been properly addressed. Here we present population-specific N-glycosylation patterns of IgG, analyzed in 5 different populations totaling 10,482 IgG glycomes, and of IgG’s fragment crystallizable region (Fc), analyzed …

Summary Of Cardiovascular Health Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This Summary describes different types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and how common they are among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It highlights the differences in how groups of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people – such as women and men, or older and younger people – experience CVD. It describes some improvements in the cardiovascular health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It also gives examples of the many good things that are being done on the ground to prevent illness and improve CVD care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

‘Coronated’ Consumption In The Viral Market, Soonkwan Hong

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The universal exposure to the virus has disrupted institutions, redefined values, and reshaped systems, including the market. Idling, uncertainty, and liquidity encapsulate the ever-precarious individual lives and the reflexive socio-politico-cultural changes. These conditions and consequences nonetheless create paradoxical opportunities in the viral market. The new meaning of connectivity that promotes high-viscosity relationships and high-visibility identities will transform the market to better acknowledge and support humans and the new sociality.