Digital Commons Network^™

Repeat Ascaris Challenge Reduces Worm Intensity Through Gastric Cellular Reprograming, Yifan Wu, Charlie Suarez-Reyes, Nina L Tang, Alexander R Kneubehl, Jill E Weatherhead

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Ascariasis (roundworm) is the most prevalent parasitic nematode infection worldwide, impacting approximately 500 million people predominantly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While people of all ages are infected with Ascaris, infection intensity (defined by worm burden) paradoxically peaks in pre-school and school-aged children but then declines with age. The cause of age-dependent Ascaris worm intensity is not well understood but may be dependent on cellular changes in mucosal barrier sites. We have previously found that the gastric mucosa is a critical barrier site for Ascaris infection as ingested Ascaris larvae use acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) secreted by gastric chief …

The Contribution Of De Novo Coding Mutations To Meningomyelocele, Yoo-Jin Jiny Ha, Ashna Nisal, Isaac Tang, Chanjae Lee, Ishani Jhamb, Cassidy Wallace, Robyn Howarth, Sarah Schroeder, Keng Ioi Vong, Naomi Meave, Fiza Jiwani, Chelsea Barrows, Sangmoon Lee, Nan Jiang, Arzoo Patel, Krisha Bagga, Niyati Banka, Liana Friedman, Francisco A Blanco, Seyoung Yu, Soeun Rhee, Hui Su Jeong, Isaac Plutzer, Michael B Major, Béatrice Benoit, Christian Poüs, Caleb Heffner, Zoha Kibar, Gyang Markus Bot, Hope Northrup, Kit Sing Au, Madison Strain, Allison E Ashley-Koch, Richard H Finnell, Joan T Le, Hal S Meltzer, Camila Araujo, Helio R Machado, Roger E Stevenson, Anna Yurrita, Sara Mumtaz, Awais Ahmed, Mulazim Hussain Khara, Osvaldo M Mutchinick, José Ramón Medina-Bereciartu, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Gia Melikishvili, Ahmed I Marwan, Valeria Capra, Mahmoud M Noureldeen, Aida M S Salem, Mahmoud Y Issa, Maha S Zaki, Libin Xu, Ji Eun Lee, Donghyuk Shin, Anna Alkelai, Alan R Shuldiner, Stephen F Kingsmore, Stephen A Murray, Heon Yung Gee, W Todd Miller, Kimberley F Tolias, John B Wallingford, Spina Bifida Sequencing Consortium, Sangwoo Kim, Joseph G Gleeson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Meningomyelocele (also known as spina bifida) is considered to be a genetically complex disease resulting from a failure of the neural tube to close. Individuals with meningomyelocele display neuromotor disability and frequent hydrocephalus, requiring ventricular shunting. A few genes have been proposed to contribute to disease susceptibility, but beyond that it remains unexplained1. We postulated that de novo mutations under purifying selection contribute to the risk of developing meningomyelocele2. Here we recruited a cohort of 851 meningomyelocele trios who required shunting at birth and 732 control trios, and found that de novo likely gene disruption or …

Macrophage-Mediated Il-6 Signaling Drives Ryanodine Receptor-2 Calcium Leak In Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation, Joshua A Keefe, Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez, J Alberto Navarro-Garcia, Isabelle Ong, Luge Li, Amelie Paasche, Issam Abu-Taha, Marcel A Tekook, Florian Bruns, Shuai Zhao, Markus Kamler, Ying H Shen, Mihail G Chelu, Na Li, Dobromir Dobrev, Xander Ht Wehrens

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (poAF) is AF occurring days after surgery, with a prevalence of 33% among patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The degree of postoperative inflammation correlates with poAF risk, but less is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving postoperative atrial arrhythmogenesis. We performed single-cell RNA-seq comparing atrial nonmyocytes from mice with and without poAF, which revealed infiltrating CCR2+ macrophages to be the most altered cell type. Pseudotime trajectory analyses identified Il-6 as a gene of interest driving in macrophages, which we confirmed in pericardial fluid collected from human patients after cardiac surgery. Indeed, macrophage depletion and macrophage-specific Il6ra …

A Case Of Persistently Positive Mpox Pcr For 1 Year In A Patient With Advanced Hiv, Haitham Alaithan, Neha Venkatesh, Prathit A Kulkarni, Richard J Hamill, Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mpox (previously called monkeypox) is a self-limited vesiculopustular skin disease caused by the monkeypox virus. Symptoms and skin findings typically resolve within 4 weeks in immunocompetent patients. This report describes a case of persistent Mpox infection with polymerase chain reaction positivity lasting greater than 1 year after initial infection in a patient with advanced HIV.

The Small Gtpase Rap1 In Pomc Neurons Regulates Leptin Actions And Glucose Metabolism, Kentaro Kaneko, Weisheng Lu, Yong Xu, Alexei Morozov, Makoto Fukuda

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The hypothalamic leptin-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) pathway is critical for regulating metabolism. POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus respond to leptin and play a pivotal role in mediating energy and glucose balance. However, during diet-induced obesity (DIO), these neurons often develop resistance to exogenous leptin. Recently, the small GTPase Rap1 has been implicated as an inhibitor of neuronal leptin signaling; however, its specific role within POMC neurons remains unexplored. We generated tamoxifen-inducible, POMC neuron-specific Rap1 knockout mice to selectively delete both Rap1a and Rap1b isoforms in POMC neurons. By analyzing these mice through metabolic phenotyping, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays, we show that …

Cortical Structure In Nodes Of The Default Mode Network Estimates General Intelligence, Abhinav Yadav, Archana Purushotham

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: A growing number of studies implicate functional brain networks in intelligence, but it is unclear if network nodal structure relates to intelligence.

Methods: Using MRI, we studied the relationship of the general intelligence factor (g) with cortical thickness (CT), local gyrification index (LGI), and voxel-based morphometry in the nodes of the default mode network (DMN) and task-positive network (TPN) in a cohort of 44 young, healthy adults. Employing a novel strategy, we performed repeated analyses with multiple sets of g estimates to remove false positives.

Results: CT and LGI in medial and temporal nodes of the DMN were reliably …

Challenges And Opportunities Of Acquiring Cortical Recordings For Chronic Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation, Jeffrey Herron, Aura Kullmann, Timothy Denison, Wayne K Goodman, Aysegul Gunduz, Wolf-Julian Neumann, Nicole R Provenza, Maryam M Shanechi, Sameer A Sheth, Philip A Starr, Alik S Widge

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a proven treatment for movement disorders, also holds promise for the treatment of psychiatric and cognitive conditions. However, for DBS to be clinically effective, it may require DBS technology that can alter or trigger stimulation in response to changes in biomarkers sensed from the patient's brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that such adaptive DBS is feasible, it might achieve clinical effects that are not possible with standard continuous DBS and that some of the best biomarkers are signals from the cerebral cortex. Yet capturing those markers requires the placement of cortex-optimized electrodes in addition …

Metastatic Medulloblastoma Remodels The Local Leptomeningeal Microenvironment To Promote Further Metastatic Colonization And Growth, Namal Abeysundara, Alexandra Rasnitsyn, Vernon Fong, Alexander Bahcheli, Randy Van Ommeren, Kyle Juraschka, Maria Vladoiu, Winnie Ong, Bryn Livingston, Pasqualino De Antonellis, Michelle Ly, Borja López Holgado, Olga Sirbu, Shahrzad Bahrampour, Hyun-Kee Min, Jerry Fan, Carolina Nor, Abhirami Visvanathan, Jiao Zhang, Hao Wang, Lei Qin, Ning Huang, Jonelle Pallotta, Tajana Douglas, Esta Mak, Haipeng Su, Karen Ng, Kevin Yang Zhang, Craig Daniels, Calixto-Hope G Lucas, Charles G Eberhart, Hailong Liu, Tao Jiang, Faiyaz Notta, Vijay Ramaswamy, Jüri Reimand, Marco Gallo, Jeremy N Rich, Xiaochong Wu, Xi Huang, Michael D Taylor

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Leptomeningeal metastases are the major source of morbidity and mortality for patients with medulloblastoma. The biology of the leptomeningeal metastases and the local tumour microenvironment are poorly characterized. Here we show that metastasis-associated meningeal fibroblasts (MB-MAFs) are transcriptionally distinct and signal extensively to tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. Metastatic cells secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligands into the local microenvironment to chemotactically recruit meningeal fibroblasts. Meningeal fibroblasts are reprogrammed to become MB-MAFs, expressing distinct transcriptomes and secretomes, including bone morphogenetic proteins. Active bone morphogenetic protein signalling and co-implantation of tumour cells with MB-MAFs enhances the colonization of the leptomeninges …

Computational And Functional Prioritization Identifies Genes That Rescue Behavior And Reduce Tau Protein In Fly And Human Cell Models Of Alzheimer Disease, Morgan C Stephens, Jiayang Li, Megan Mair, Justin Moore, Katy Zhu, Akash Tarkunde, Bismark Amoh, Alma M Perez, Arya Bhakare, Fangfei Guo, Joshua M Shulman, Ismael Al-Ramahi, Juan Botas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in Alzheimer disease (AD) have uncovered over 70 loci significantly associated with AD risk, but identifying the true causal gene(s) at these loci requires systematic functional validation that is rarely performed due to limitations of time and cost. Here, we integrate transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) with colocalization analysis, fine-mapping, and additional annotation of AD GWAS variants to identify 123 genes at known and suggestive AD risk loci. A comparison with human AD brain transcriptome data confirmed that many of these candidate genes are dysregulated in human AD and correlate with neuropathology. We then tested all available …

Multi-Epitope Immunocapture Of Huntingtin Reveals Striatum-Selective Molecular Signatures, Joshua L Justice, Todd M Greco, Josiah E Hutton, Tavis J Reed, Megan L Mair, Juan Botas, Ileana M Cristea

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Huntington's disease (HD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting an individual's cognitive and motor abilities. HD is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene producing a toxic polyglutamine-expanded protein (mHTT) and leading to degeneration in the striatum and cortex. Yet, the molecular signatures that underlie tissue-specific vulnerabilities remain unclear. Here, we investigate this aspect by leveraging multi-epitope protein interaction assays, subcellular fractionation, thermal proteome profiling, and genetic modifier assays. The use of human cell, mouse, and fly models afforded capture of distinct subcellular pools of epitope-enriched and tissue-dependent interactions linked to dysregulated cellular pathways and disease relevance. We established …

Wb5, A Novel Biomarker For Monitoring Efficacy And Success Of Mass Drug Administration Programs For Wuchereria Bancrofti Elimination, Rachel E. Pietrow, Catherine Bjerum, Benjamin G. Koudou, Taniawati Supali, Philip J Budge, Peter U. Fischer, Thomas B. Nutman, Sasisekhar Bennuru

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The success of mass drug administration at reducing the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in endemic areas has led to an increased need for highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assays. To be useful in post-elimination surveillance in areas with low to zero prevalence, high test performance characteristics are required to enable the early detection of infection recrudescence. As current testing suffers from either sensitivity or specificity levels that fail to meet adopted target product profiles, additional targets that could be used as confirmatory tests or in multiplexed assays could overcome these issues. To this end, bioinformatic analyses coupled with stage-specific expression …

The Multiverse Of Cd46 And Oncologic Interactions, M. Kathryn Liszewski, John P. Atkinson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Initially identified as a regulator of complement activation on host cells, the known roles of CD46 (membrane cofactor protein [MCP]) have expanded. We now know that this ancient molecule is expressed on almost all nucleated cells as a family of four predominant isoforms. It also is involved in human reproduction, modulation of T cell activation and immunoinflammatory effector functions, autophagy, and the newly identified intracellular complement system (complosome). CD46 is also known as a "pathogen" magnet, being a port of entry for at least seven bacteria and five viruses. Moreover, CD46 has recently emerged as a key player in cancer …

A Standardized Nomenclature For The Rods And Cones Of The Vertebrate Retina, Tom Baden, Takeshi Yoshimatsu, Joseph C. Corbo, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Vertebrate photoreceptors have been studied for well over a century, but a fixed nomenclature for referring to orthologous cell types across diverse species has been lacking. Instead, photoreceptors have been variably-and often confusingly-named according to morphology, presence/absence of 'rhodopsin', spectral sensitivity, chromophore usage, and/or the gene family of the opsin(s) they express. Here, we propose a unified nomenclature for vertebrate rods and cones that aligns with the naming systems of other retinal cell classes and that is based on the photoreceptor type's putative evolutionary history. This classification is informed by the functional, anatomical, developmental, and molecular identities of the neuron …

Gdf15 Links Adipose Tissue Lipolysis With Anxiety, Logan K Townsend, Léa J Becker, Jordan G Mccall, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Psychological stress changes both behaviour and metabolism to protect organisms. Adrenaline is an important driver of this response. Anxiety correlates with circulating free fatty acid levels and can be alleviated by a peripherally restricted β-blocker, suggesting a peripheral signal linking metabolism with behaviour. Here we show that adrenaline, the β3 agonist CL316,243 and acute restraint stress induce growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) secretion in white adipose tissue of mice. Genetic inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase or genetic deletion of β-adrenergic receptors blocks β-adrenergic-induced increases in GDF15. Increases in circulating GDF15 require lipolysis-induced free fatty acid stimulation of M2-like macrophages within …

Multi-Omic And Spatial Analysis Of Mouse Kidneys Highlights Sex-Specific Differences In Gene Regulation Across The Lifespan, Siqi Chen, Ruiyang Liu, Chia-Kuei Mo, Michael C Wendl, Andrew Houston, Preet Lal, Yanyan Zhao, Wagma Caravan, Andrew T Shinkle, Atieh Abedin-Do, Nataly Naser Al Deen, Kazuhito Sato, Xiang Li, André Luiz N Targino Da Costa, Yize Li, Alla Karpova, John M Herndon, Maxim N Artyomov, Joshua B Rubin, Sanjay Jain, Sheila A Stewart, Li Ding, Feng Chen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

There is a sex bias in the incidence and progression of many kidney diseases. To better understand such sexual dimorphism, we integrated data from six platforms, characterizing 76 kidney samples from 68 mice at six developmental and adult time points, creating a molecular atlas of the mouse kidney across the lifespan for both sexes. We show that proximal tubules have the most sex-biased differentially expressed genes emerging after 3 weeks of age and are associated with hormonal regulations. We reveal potential mechanisms involving both direct and indirect regulation by androgens and estrogens. Spatial profiling identifies distinct sex-biased spatial patterns in …

Elevated P16ink4a Expression Enhances Tau Phosphorylation In Neurons Differentiated From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Kristopher Holloway, Kashfia Neherin, Yingduo Song, Kazuhito Sato, Andrew Houston, Feng Chen, Li Ding, Hong Zhang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a (p16) is detected in neurons of human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and during normal aging. Importantly, selective eliminating p16-expressing cells in AD mouse models attenuates tau pathologies and improves cognition. But whether and how p16 contributes to AD pathogenesis remains unclear. To address this question, we tested whether induction of p16 expression in neurons exacerbates AD pathologies. We created a doxycycline-inducible system to trigger p16 up-regulation in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neurons differentiated from iPSCs. We demonstrated that up-regulated p16 expression in iPSCs reduces cell proliferation, down-regulates cell cycle genes, …

Clonal Dynamics And Somatic Evolution Of Haematopoiesis In Mouse, Chiraag D Kapadia, Nicholas Williams, Kevin J Dawson, Caroline Watson, Matthew J Yousefzadeh, Duy Le, Kudzai Nyamondo, Sreeya Kodavali, Alex Cagan, Sarah Waldvogel, Xiaoyan Zhang, Josephine De La Fuente, Daniel Leongamornlert, Emily Mitchell, Marcus A Florez, Krzysztof Sosnowski, Rogelio Aguilar, Alejandra Martell, Anna Guzman, David Harrison, Laura J Niedernhofer, Katherine Y King, Peter J Campbell, Jamie Blundell, Margaret A Goodell, Jyoti Nangalia

Center on Aging Staff Publications

Haematopoietic stem cells maintain blood production throughout life1. Although extensively characterized using the laboratory mouse, little is known about clonal selection and population dynamics of the haematopoietic stem cell pool during murine ageing. We isolated stem cells and progenitors from young and old mice, identifying 221,890 somatic mutations genome-wide in 1,845 single-cell-derived colonies. Mouse stem cells and progenitors accrue approximately 45 somatic mutations per year, a rate only approximately threefold greater than human progenitors despite the vastly different organismal sizes and lifespans. Phylogenetic patterns show that stem and multipotent progenitor cell pools are established during embryogenesis, after which …

Introducing Social Determinants Of Health To The Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Network: Development And Implementation In The Uniform Data Set, Megan Zuelsdorff, Erin L. Abner, Joyce E. Balls-Berry, Gregory A. Jicha, Serggio Lanata, Gladys Maestre, Monica Rosselli, Shana D. Stites, Rachel A. Whitmer, Consuelo H. Wilkins

School of Medicine Publications

The Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) consortium represents a critical locus of research on Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) prevention, diagnosis, and intervention. Through the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's (NACC) standardized protocol, the Uniform Data Set (UDS), ADRCs have collected rich, harmonizable clinical and cognitive data. However, the collection of social data has been sparse and Center specific, constraining ADRD science that addresses research priorities on social determinants of health (SDOH) and health equity. Capitalizing on the transition to a revised UDS version 4, an interdisciplinary committee representing 10 ADRCs reviewed the literature and instrumentation, ultimately creating a brief …

Bioinformatics-Guided Identification And Quantification Of Biomarkers Of Crotalus Atrox Envenoming And Its Neutralization By Antivenom, Auwal A. Bala, Anas Bedraoui, Salim El Mejjad, Nicholas K. Willard, Joseph D. Hatcher, Anton Iliuk, Joanne E. Curran, Elda E. Sanchez, Montamas Suntravat, Jacob Galan

School of Medicine Publications

Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) provides systems-level exploration for the analysis of snakebite envenoming (SBE) as the venom progresses, causing injuries such as hemorrhage, trauma, and death. Predicting EV biomarkers has become an essential aspect of this process, offering an avenue to explore the specific pathophysiological changes that occur after envenoming. As new omics approaches emerge to advance our understanding of SBE, further bioinformatics analyses are warranted to incorporate the use of antivenom or other therapeutics to observe their global impact on various biological processes. Herein, we used an in vivo BALB/c mouse model and proteomics approach …

Trends In The Prevalence Of Orofacial Clefts Among Hispanic Infants In The Rio Grande Valley Of Texas (1997-2018), Yossef Alsabawi, Aaron Dadzie, Kelsey Baker

School of Medicine Publications

Background Orofacial clefts (OFCs), including the cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) and cleft palate alone (CP), represent significant congenital anomalies with implications for feeding, speech, and psychosocial development. The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of Texas, a predominantly Hispanic region that faces socioeconomic and healthcare challenges, may have a distinct OFC profile compared to non-border counties (NBCs) of Texas. Methods Prevalence data with 95% confidence intervals for OFCs from 1997 to 2018 were obtained from the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS). Definitions provided by the DSHS were adhered to, including only definite diagnoses. Given the large …

Antioxidant Effects Of Dimethyl Fumarate In Siv-Infected Rhesus Macaques May Indicate Its Use As A Neuroprotective Adjunct In Hiv Treatment, Adam K. Adelsberg, Yoelvis Garcia-Mesa, Halvor Juul, Dennis L. Kolson

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral prodrug that is FDA approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. DMF is metabolized to monomethyl fumarate and able to cross the blood-brain barrier to illicit its central nervous system (CNS) affects. DMF is an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory that acts at the level of gene transcription through the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. We assessed the potential neuroprotective effects of DMF in HIV infection by using the rhesus macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection model. We hypothesized that DMF would increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes and subsequently reduce central nervous system …

Topical Antibiotics, Over-The-Counter Products, And Standard Gauze Dressings: A Review Of Postoperative Surgical Site Infection And Wound Healing Management, Emily M. Garelick, Jacob E. King, David Kasper

Research Day

Proper wound healing and prevention of surgical site infections (SSI) are critical in postoperative patient care. According to the CDC, SSIs account for almost twenty percent of all healthcare-associated infections and cause an annual cost of an estimated $3.3 billion annually. Wound healing time, as well as cosmetic results, also play an important role in postoperative wound care. Currently there is not a consensus standard of care for topical treatments to address these issues. This study aims to explore various topical treatments that prevent SSI and encourage effective healing.

A search was conducted on PubMed using the algorithm: ([Vaseline] OR …

Protein Kinase C Delta Peptide Activator Provides Protection During Hypoxia/Reoxygenation And Elicits Significant Anti-Cancer Effects In Vitro, Juliet M. Melnik, Qian Chen, Robert J. Barsotti, Lindon H. Young

Research Day

Introduction

Protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) activation is known to inhibit NOX-2/superoxide (SO) release in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and elicit cardioprotective effects in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Augmenting PKCδ activity also promotes tumor suppressive effects via apoptosis. This study examined the cardioprotective and anticancer effects of PKCδ peptide activator (PKCδ+) in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes, cardiovascular cells particularly susceptible to oxidative damage due to their high concentration of mitochondria.

Methods

Hypoxia/Reoxygenation: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells), were cultured at 37°C in EBM-2 medium and DMEM, respectively and pretreated with PKCδ+ (Myr+MRAAEDPM) (0.25-5μM) or untreated …

Evaluation Of The Accuracy And Reliability Of 3d Cameras For Craniofacial Anthropometry Compared To Conventional Methods: A Systematic Review, Akanksha Chandiwala, Kanhoba Keluskar

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Objectives: To assess the reliability and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) camera for Craniofacial Anthropometry in comparison with direct measuring methods. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search of the specialized databases Pubmed/ MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and other institutional repositories was performed for including the studies which assess the reliability and accuracy of various 3D Cameras for Craniofacial Anthropometry in comparison with direct Anthropometric measurements. Quality assessment was carried out with JBI critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross sectional studies. Results: Seven studies evaluating the accuracy and reliability of 3D cameras were included in this study. Studies comparing 3D …

Investigation Of Factors Influencing Craniofacial And Dental Morphological Changes In Skeletal Class Iii Orthognathic Surgery With Machine Learning Approach: Literature Review, Muhammad Izzah Abdillah, Johnson Hsin-Chung Cheng, Daniel De-Shing Chen, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Baharuddin M Ranggang, Ardiansyah S Pawinru

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Objective Orthognathic surgery is a transformative solution for skeletal Class III malocclusion. This review explores factors affecting skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes in these patients and examines the integration of machine learning (ML) in treatment management to uncover patterns within large datasets. Materials and Methods Studies were selected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using keywords such as "(affecting factor OR predisposition) AND (skeletal class III OR skeletal class 3) AND (orthognathic surgery OR surgical orthodontics)," "Morphology changes in skeletal class III orthognathic surgery," "Machine learning in dentistry," and "Machine learning in orthodontics." Most reviewed articles were published in …

Asthma Exacerbation In Pregnancy And The Effects On The Fetus, Jaclyn Vanberkum, Daisy Ramirez, Julia Gonazlez, Haneen Kittaneh

RESP 1102 Intermediate Respiratory Care

Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting pregnant women and poses notable risks to both maternal and fetal health. Inadequate asthma control during pregnancy is associated with increased complications such as preeclampsia, preterm delivery and low birth weight. As a result, effective asthma management is essential throughout gestation. This paper explores the physiological changes in pregnancy that influence asthma, the potential consequences of uncontrolled symptoms and evidence-based treatment approaches. Current clinical guidelines emphasize the importance of inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators while minimizing systemic steroid use. Patient education, regular monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach are key to optimizing …

Assessing The Behavioral Impact Of Pyridostigmine Bromide In Rats, Noah A. Martin

Honors Theses

Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) is an organophosphate (OP) nerve agent prophylactic used to protect warfighters against chemical warfare agents. OPs inhibit the neural enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain. This leads to the buildup of acetylcholine, causing respiratory failure, seizures, and death. PB functions by inhibiting ~30% of peripheral AChE temporarily, protecting the enzymes so that the body is able to restore sufficient cholinergic function post-exposure. PB does not cross the blood-brain barrier, though it may still indirectly affect toxicity in the brain due to repeated AChE inhibition throughout treatment, or by inhibition of non-target ChE’s in the blood. The aim …

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Htk (Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate) And Potassium-Based Cardioplegia Solutions In Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Scoping Review Of Postoperative Outcomes, Efficiency, And Complications, Lauren Ryan

Student Works

Background/Introduction: Cardioplegia solutions are integral to myocardial protection during cardiac surgery, particularly during ischemic periods induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) solution and potassium-based solutions such as Del Nido, St. Thomas, 4:1, and Microplegia are widely utilized for their distinct biochemical mechanisms and protective properties. Despite their widespread application, variability in clinical outcomes and procedural contexts has led to uncertainty about the optimal choice of cardioplegia solution. This scoping review aims to compare HTK and potassium-based solutions, focusing on their efficacy, postoperative outcomes, and complications in adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve surgeries, including minimally …

A Deadly Case Of Encephalopathy, Brenna Ostertag, Md, Gita D Gelfer, Andrea Roast

Providence Portland Medical Center Internal Medicine 2025

Introduction: Human prion disease are heterogenous groups of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by spongiform degeneration, astrogliosis, and neuronal loss in the central nervous system from misfolding and subsequent spread of the prion protein. This disease manifests rapidly and is often accompanied by visual and speech abnormalities, gait changes, and progressive encephalopathy. It is always fatal. Around 400 people are diagnosed with prion disease in the United States annually. Recent innovations in diagnostics using Real-Time Quaking Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) has allowed for antemortem diagnosis of prion disease. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male with a history of alcohol use disorder in remission and …

Synthesis And Partial Characterization Of Chitosan Phosphorylation From Marine Cuttlefish Sepia Aculeata (Orbingy, 1848) And Its Antimicrobial Potentials Against Oral Pathogens, Yathin Reddy Putta, Annathai Pitchai, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objectives: This study investigated the synthesis and partial characterization of phosphorylated chitosan extracted from the cuttlebone of Sepia aculeata (Orbingy, 1848) and evaluated its antimicrobial potential against oral pathogens. Methods: The synthesis of phosphorylated chitosan from Sepia aculeata cuttlebone involved several steps: cleaning, deproteinization, demineralization to extract chitin, deacetylation to produce chitosan, and phosphorylation to introduce phosphate groups. Phosphorylation enhances the properties of chitosan, making it a promising candidate for oral health applications. Phosphorylated chitosan was purified and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to confirm structural changes. This process enhances …