Digital Commons Network^™

Examining The Claim That 80-90% Of Suicide Cases Had Depression, Said Shahtahmasebi

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Clinically Relevant Intronic Splicing Enhancer Mutation In Myelin Proteolipid Protein Leads To Progressive Microglia And Astrocyte Activation In White And Gray Matter Regions Of The Brain, Adam D. Bachstetter, Scott J. Webster, Linda J. Van Eldik, Franca Cambi

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Mutations in proteolipid protein (PLP), the most abundant myelin protein in the CNS, cause the X-linked dysmyelinating leukodystrophies, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) and spastic paraplegia type 2 (SPG2). Point mutations, deletion, and duplication of the PLP1 gene cause PMD/SPG2 with varying clinical presentation. Deletion of an intronic splicing enhancer (ISEdel) within intron 3 of the PLP1 gene is associated with a mild form of PMD. Clinical and preclinical studies have indicated that mutations in myelin proteins, including PLP, can induce neuroinflammation, but the temporal and spatial onset of the reactive glia response in a clinically relevant mild form of PMD …

Situational Awareness/Triage Tool For Use In A Chemical, Biological, Radiological Nuclear Explosive (Cbrne) Environment, John N. Scarlett, Heather L. Gallup, David A. Smith

AFIT Patents

A method of managing patient care and emergency response following a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or Nuclear Explosive (CBRNE) attack and maintaining compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The method including identifying each patient with a unique patient identifier, the identifier based upon the geospatial location of the patient, the geospatial location including at least the latitude and longitude of the patient when first treated, the unique patient identifier being part of patient data. Providing a collection point of patient data to form a patient data database where in the patient location data may be used to …

In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging To Evaluate Systemic And Topical Antibiotics Against Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus-Infected Skin Wounds In Mice, Yi Guo, Romela Irene Ramos, John S. Cho, Niles P. Donegan, Ambrose L. Cheung, Lloyd S. Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) frequently causes skin and soft tissue infections, including impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis, and infected wounds and ulcers. Uncomplicated CA-MRSA skin infections are typically managed in an outpatient setting with oral and topical antibiotics and/or incision and drainage, whereas complicated skin infections often require hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgery. The aim of this study was to devel

Layered Long Term Co-Culture Of Hepatocytes And Endothelial Cells On A Transwell Membrane: Toward Engineering The Liver Sinusoid, Young Bok (Abraham) Kang, Siddhartha Rawat, Joseph Cirillo, Michael Bouchard, Hongseok (Moses) Noh

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

This paper presents a novel liver model that mimics the liver sinusoid where most liver activities occur. A key aspect of our current liver model is a layered co-culture of primary rat hepatocytes (PRHs) and primary rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) or bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) on a transwell membrane. When a layered co-culture was attempted with a thin matrigel layer placed between hepatocytes and endothelial cells to mimic the Space of Disse, the cells did not form completely separated monolayers. However, when hepatocytes and endothelial cells were cultured on the opposite sides of a transwell membrane, PRHs …

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Linked To Essential Hypertension In Kasigau, Kenya, Julia Carol Freeman

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is an ever-growing epidemic in the developing world. Understanding the genetics behind essential hypertension (EH), or hypertension with no known cause, is especially important. In this study, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be linked to an increase in susceptibility to EH were quantified from a cohort of Kenyans living in the Kasigau region. The SNPs are located in three genes that are part of the renin angiotensin system, the primary regulatory pathway in humans controlling BP. They include: AGT (rs699), AGTR1 (rs5186), and HSD11β2 (rs5479). Overall, by using a fluorescent-based RT-PCR technique, …

Clinical And Laboratory Features Distinguishing Juvenile Polymyositis And Muscular Dystrophy, Gulnara Mamyrova, James D. Katz, Robert V. Jones, Ira N. Targoff, Peter A. Lachenbruch, Olcay Y. Jones, Frederick W. Miller, Lisa G. Rider

Pathology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE:

To differentiate juvenile polymyositis (PM) and muscular dystrophy, both of which may present with chronic muscle weakness and inflammation.

METHODS:

We studied 39 patients with probable or definite juvenile PM and 9 patients with muscular dystrophies who were initially misdiagnosed as having juvenile PM. Differences in demographic, clinical, and laboratory results; outcomes; and treatment responses were evaluated by Fisher's exact and rank sum tests. Random forests classification analysis and logistic regression were performed to examine significant differences in multivariable models.

RESULTS:

Clinical features and serum muscle enzyme levels were similar between juvenile PM and dystrophy patients, except 89% of …

Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Effects On Flow-Mediated Dilation (Tinsal-Fmd)., Allison B Goldfine, J Stewart Buck, Cyrus Desouza, Vivian Fonseca, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Steven E Shoelson, Kathleen A. Jablonski, Mark A Creager, The Tinsal-Fmd Team

GW Biostatistics Center

OBJECTIVE: To test whether inhibiting inflammation with salsalate improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an ancillary study to the National Institutes of Health-sponsored, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of salsalate in targeting inflammation to improve glycemia in patients with T2D. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) of the brachial artery were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months following randomization to either salsalate 3.5 g/day or placebo. The primary end point was change in FMD at 6 months.

RESULTS: A total …

Mentoring Ethics In Postgraduate Surgical Training: A Developing Country Perspective From Pakistan, Mohsin Azam, Saleha Anwar, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Muhammad Waqas

Section of Neurosurgery

No abstract provided.

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (Adem) Presenting As A Multiphasic Encephalopathy: A Case Report, Tehreem Zahra, Zarmast Khan, Ejaz Ahmed Khan, Arsalan Ahmad

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Grand Multiparity: Is It Still A Risk In Pregnancy?, Andrew H. Mgaya, Siriel N. Massawe, Hussein Kidanto, Hans N. Mgaya

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background The association of grand multiparity and poor pregnancy outcome has not been consistent for decades. Classifying grand multiparous women as a high-risk group without clear evidence of a consistent association with adverse outcomes can lead to socioeconomic burdens to the mother, family and health systems. We compared the maternal and perinatal complications among grand multiparous and other multiparous women in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.

Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). A standard questionnaire enquired the following variables: demographic characteristics, antenatal profile and detected obstetric risk factors as well as maternal and neonatal risk …

Racial Differences In Human Platelet Par4 Reactivity Reflect Expression Of Pctp And Mir-376c., Leonard Edelstein, Lukas M Simon, Raúl Teruel Montoya, Michael Holinstat, Edward S Chen, Angela Bergeron, Xianguo Kong, Srikanth Nagalla, Narla Mohandas, David E Cohen, Jing-Fei Dong, Chad Shaw, Paul Bray

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

Racial differences in the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis are poorly understood. We explored the function and transcriptome of platelets in healthy black (n = 70) and white (n = 84) subjects. Platelet aggregation and calcium mobilization induced by the PAR4 thrombin receptor were significantly greater in black subjects. Numerous differentially expressed RNAs were associated with both race and PAR4 reactivity, including PCTP (encoding phosphatidylcholine transfer protein), and platelets from black subjects expressed higher levels of PC-TP protein. PC-TP inhibition or depletion blocked PAR4- but not PAR1-mediated activation of platelets and megakaryocytic cell lines. miR-376c levels were differentially expressed by race and …

Glucocorticoids Induced Allergic Reaction, Emad Uddin Siddiqui, Shakeel Ahmed

Department of Emergency Medicine

Glucocorticoids can cause allergic reaction in rare cases. A ten year old boy, known asthmatic, was treated with intramuscular injection of glucocorticoids, followed by nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. His lips turned pale along with palpitation and light headache. His right eye lid and lower lip were swollen. Heart rate was 177/min, and BP was 66/46 mmHg,. Patient spontaneously improved and symptoms resolved. IV fluids bolus, antihistamines or epinephrine were not required. The case was seen in September 2012.

Electrotransfer Of Single-Stranded Or Double-Stranded Dna Induces Complete Regression Of Palpable B16.F10 Mouse Melanomas, Loree Heller, Vesba Todorovic, Maja Cemazar

Bioelectrics Publications

Enhanced tumor delivery of plasmid DNA with electric pulses in vivo has been confirmed in many preclinical models. Intratumor electrotransfer of plasmids encoding therapeutic molecules has reached Phase II clinical trials. In multiple preclinical studies, a reduction in tumor growth, increased survival or complete tumor regression have been observed in control groups in which vector or backbone plasmid DNA electrotransfer was performed. This study explores factors that could produce this antitumor effect. The specific electrotransfer pulse protocol employed significantly potentiated the regression. Tumor regression was observed after delivery of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA with or without CpG motifs in both …

Radiosensitization Of Head & Neck Carcinoma Cells By Linifanib, A Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Heng-Wei Hsu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Tumor angiogenesis is a hallmark of advanced cancers and promotes invasion and metastasis. Over 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) express angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Since radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for HNSCC, it is imperative to identify the interactions between antiangiogenic therapy and radiotherapy, and to develop combination therapy to improve clinical outcome. The mechanisms between antiangiogenic agents and ionizing radiation are complicated and involve many interactions between the vasculature, tumor stroma and tumor cells. The proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells rely on angiogenesis/blood vessel formation. …

Sympathetic Nerve Modulation Of Joint Pathology In Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis, Carlo Anthony Wood

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: There is increasing data suggesting a net increase in sympathetic tone plays an important role in rheumatoid arthritis. Several studies have reported altered distribution and density of autonomic nerves in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and animal models for the disease. This provides anatomical evidence that supports a neurally-mediated drive in inflammation and joint destruction. Methods: Adult rats were injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant. At 12 days post immunization, animals were randomly placed into a drug treatment group (SH1293, which interacts with - and ß2-ARs), an adjuvant arthritic group, or a control group. These animals were sacrificed at 14, 21, …

Caveolins And Njks Influence Brain Endothelial Permeability After Juvenile Tbi, David Olufemi Ajao

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key secondary event that exacerbates brain damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI). BBB disruption is particularly damaging to the developing brain – which is highly vulnerable to various stress stimuli, resulting in increased brain swelling, disrupted cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation, long-term disabilities and death following TBI in young demographic. Unsurprisingly, BBB disruption and the resultant cerebral edema have emerged as therapeutic targets in juvenile TBI. It is therefore important to understand the molecular players and mechanisms involved in TBI-induced BBB disruption in the juvenile brain. To this end, the endothelial caveolins and …

Labrad : Vol 39, Issue 2 - December 2013, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Pakistan
• Inherited Metabolic Disorders-Presenting as Metabolic Emergencies
• Role of Biochemical Genetics Laboratary in Evaluation of IEM
• Amino Acid Chromatography for the Diagnosis of Inborn Error of Metabolism
• Polymorphism in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene
• Diagnosis of Tyrosinemia Type I
• Congential Hypothyroidism
• Congential Adrenal Hyperplasia, An Insight of Laboratory
• Inaugration Ceremony of Section of biochemical Genetics Laboratory

Periprosthetic Knee Infection: Ten Strategies That Work., Javad Parvizi, Md, Priscilla Ku Cavanaugh, Claudio Diaz-Ledezma

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The demand for TKA is rapidly increasing, resulting in a subsequent increase in infections involving knee prosthesis. Despite the existence of common management practices, the best approach for several aspects in the management of periprosthetic knee infection remains controversial. This review examines the current understanding in the management of the following aspects of PJI: preoperative risk stratification, preoperative antibiotics, preoperative skin preparation, outpatient diagnosis, assessing for infection in revision cases, improving culture utility, irrigation and debridement, one and two-stage revision, and patient prognostic information. …

The Effect Of Cell Culture Environment On Expression Of Cd44+, Ki67, And Foxo3a And Its Implications On The Role Of Foxo3a In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Erin Vegter

All Theses

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive cancer, which is known for a high rate of metastasis and poor prognosis. TNBC cells are hypothesized to undergo the cellular processes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). The known prognostic markers CD44+ and Ki67 as well as the transcription factor and proposed tumor suppressor FoxO3a are thought to be indicators of EMT and MET activity in cancer cells. In order to better understand these processes an effective cell culture technique to mimic the tumor environment needs to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine if changing …

Department Of Surgery Update, December 2013, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains information about the new Chair of Family medicine, a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, scholarly activity and more.

Diagnosis And Acute Management Of Patients With Concussion At Children's Hospitals., Jeffrey D. Colvin, Cary Thurm, Brian M. Pate, Jason G. Newland, Matt Hall, William P. Meehan Iii

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Objectives: To describe the number of hospital admissions for concussion at paediatric hospitals in the USA. To describe the use of imaging and medications for acute concussion paediatric patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Children's hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System in the USA during a 10-year period.

Patients: All emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient admissions with the primary diagnosis of concussion, defined as International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for: (1) concussion, (2) postconcussion syndrome or (3) skull fracture without mention of intracranial injury with concussion.

Main outcome measures: The proportion of concussion patients …

Cxcr2 Expression In Tumor Cells Is A Poor Prognostic Factor And Promotes Invasion And Metastasis In Lung Adenocarcinoma, Erminia Massarelli

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a G-protein coupled receptor which mediates signaling by binding to CXC chemokines CXCL1-3 and 5-8. In non-small cell lung cancer CXCR2 has been studied mainly in stromal cells and is known to increase tumor inflammation and angiogenesis. However, there is controversial data in the literature about CXCR2 expression in tumor cells and its role in the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that tumoral expression of CXCR2 and its ligands promote tumor invasion and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. The effect of CXCR2 expression on tumor cells was studied using stable knockdown clones derived from …

Characterization Of Prophylactic Antiemetic Regimens In Pediatric Patients Receiving Moderately And Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy, Jessica Degiacomo Pharmd, Kristin M. Held Pharmd, Bcop

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Novel Ciprofloxacin Analogues And Evaluation Of Their Anti-Proliferative Effect On Human Cancer Cell Lines, Narva Suresh, Hunsur Nagendra Nagesh, Kondapalli Venkata Govri Chandra Sekhar, Anil Kumar, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A series of twenty two novel 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid analogues have been synthesized, characterized (1H NMR, 13C NMR and LCMS) and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on the proliferation of human caucasian acute lymphoblastic leukemiacells (CCRF-CEM), breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-468) and human colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116). Among all the synthesized ciprofloxacin analogues 3t at 50 µM showed comparable potency to doxorubicin (10mol) in all three cell lines and 3j inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-468 up to 35% selectively over other two cell lines. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth. Cancer …

Clinical Research Challenges: Insight From A Pilot Study At An Academic Healthcare Center, Gretchen E. Maurer

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

An investigational clinical research study was conducted at an academic healthcare center evaluating memantine as an adjunct to opioid therapy for treatment of chronic low back pain. The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor is located in pain signaling neuronal synapses of the central nervous system. The receptor binds the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in addition to NMDA, to increase the magnitude of the perception of pain. Memantine (Namenda©) is a highly tolerated NMDA receptor antagonist which is currently prescribed in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of the non-randomized pilot study without placebo was to evaluate the use of adding memantine as …

Primary Healthcare Providers’ Views On Improving Sexual And Reproductive Healthcare For Adolescents In Bolivia, Ecuador, And Nicaragua, Lina Jaruseviciene, Miguel Orozco, Marcia Ibarra, Freddy Cordova Ossio, Bernardo Vega, Nancy Auquilla, Joel Medina, Anna C. Gorter, Peter Decat, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objectives: To elicit the views of primary healthcare providers from Bolivia, Ecuador, and Nicaragua on how adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) care in their communities can be improved.

Methods: Overall, 126 healthcare providers (46 from Bolivia, 39 from Ecuador, and 41 from Nicaragua) took part in this qualitative study. During a series of moderated discussions, they provided written opinions about the accessibility and appropriateness of ASRH services and suggestions for its improvement. The data were analyzed by employing a content analysis methodology.

Results: Study participants emphasized managerial issues such as the prioritization of adolescents as a patient group and …

Sex Determination Using Discriminant Function Analysis In Hispanic Children And Adolescents: A Lateral Cephalometric Study, Alyssa E. Sprowl

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Lateral cephalometric radiographs have been used for years to help diagnose skeletal and dental patterns in Orthodontics. Within the last decade, these radiographs have caught the interest of the department of Anthropology for the identification of gender within the adult and adolescent population. Numerous publications have been made but failed to identify sexual dimorphism in the pre-adolescent population. 303 lateral cephalograms of pre and post Latino adolescence age ranging from 6.5 to 17.9 years old were obtained from University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) digital database. 25 variables were identified and plotted with all linear and angular measurements transferred into …

Sociocultural Influences On Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors In Older African Americans, Barry W. Rovner, Robin J. Casten, Lynn Fields Harris

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Objective. The purpose of this observational study was to describe the associations between cultural beliefs that are prevalent in older African Americans and adherence to diabetes self-management (DSM) behaviors.

Methods. In a community population of 110 older African Americans with type 2 diabetes, the investigators administered surveys that assess present time orientation (PTO), future time orientation (FTO), and religiosity, as well as exercising habits, reading food labels, and checking blood glucose.

Results. Participants who reported regularly exercising had significantly lower PTO scores and higher FTO and religiosity scores than participants who did not regularly exercise. Similarly, participants who reported reading …

Grip Strength, Multimorbidity, And Disability, Amy M. Yorke

Dissertations

The presence of two or more chronic health conditions, also known as multimorbidity, is one of the most prevalent health disorders experienced by adults. Adults with multimorbidity and functional limitations represent clinical and financial challenges to the current health care system. The purpose of this three-paper dissertation is to examine the relationship between grip strength, multimorbidity, and the prediction of disability in adults. Data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative, longitudinal study completed on Americans age 50 years and over, are used for the dissertation.

The objective of the first paper is to investigate the …