Digital Commons Network^™

Demographic And Clinical Characteristics Of Venous Thromboembolism In Children, Deogracia Sindoiya Owende

Master of Medicine in Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism in children is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide with an increasing annual incidence. The present study aimed to increase awareness as well as attempt to inform the management of paediatric venous thromboembolism in this setting.

Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of venous thromboembolism in children aged one month to 18 years at two tertiary hospitals in Kenya.

Methods: A descriptive retrospective chart review of patients aged one month to 18 years diagnosed with venous thromboembolism between January 2014 and December 2022 in two tertiary hospitals in Kenya was …

Sunitinib Induced Gomerular Thrombotic Microangiopathy, Aisha Khan

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

Deficiency In Detail Among Ventral Hernia Repair Operative Notes And The Impact On Patient Outcomes, Alexys N. Ramos, Duyen Quach, Kayla Nguyen, Said Maldonado, Nicole B. Lyons, Jonathan S. Lall, Scott Zimmerle, Brendan Rosamond, Ashlynn Mills, Yoolim Alex Seo, Angelica C. Rodriguez, Mike Liang

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

Clinical Impact Of Indeterminate Quantiferon-Tb Test Results For A Patient With Recurrent Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flares, Asad Rehman, Bushra Bangash, Aashka Patel, Anam Zara, Hong Thai, Ismail Hader

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

Inflammation And Tumor Progression: The Differential Impact Of Saa In Breast Cancer Models, Daniel Wilhelm Olivier, Carla Eksteen, Manisha Du Plessis, Louis De Jager, Lize Engelbrecht, Nathaniel Wade Mcgregor, Preetha Shridas, Frederick C. De Beer, Willem J. S. De Villiers, Etheresia Pretorius, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Background: Previous research has shown that the Serum Amyloid A (SAA) protein family is intricately involved in inflammatory signaling and various disease pathologies. We have previously demonstrated that SAA is associated with increased colitis disease severity and the promotion of tumorigenesis. However, the specific role of SAA proteins in breast cancer pathology remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of systemic SAA1 and SAA2 (SAA1/2) in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model.

Methods: Syngeneic breast tumors were established in wild-type mice, and mice lacking the SAA1/2 (SAADKO). Subsequently, tumor volume was monitored, species survival determined, the inflammatory profiles of mice …

Novel Engineering Approaches For Orthopedic Injury Treatment And Infection Diagnosis, Cynthia Co

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Bioengineering has made significant contributions to the treatment of orthopedic injury through interdisciplinary approaches. Central to these advancements are many orthopedic implants, including anchors and joint replacements, which have been designed to restore mobility. Despite their functional efficacy, these products have limited lifespan and are associated with many complications, such as implant-associated infection. The success of implant design and function, both in the short and long term, is paramount for enhancing patient outcomes and overall well-being. Therefore, my thesis work is dedicated to addressing these critical challenges, aiming to maximize their treatment effect while minimizing the implant-associated complications.

Long-term patient …

Methylene Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy In Combination With Doxorubicin: A Novel Approach In The Treatment Of Ht-29 Colon Cancer Cells, Nima Rastegar-Pouyani, Jaber Zafari, Alireza Nasirpour, Hossein Vazini, Nabbaa Najjar, Seyedeh Zohreh Azarshin, Fatemeh Javani Jouni

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Introduction: With an alarmingly growing number of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, adopting innovative anti-cancer approaches has recently garnered great attention. One interesting concept is the co-administration of cytotoxic agents and safer modalities such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), which can subsequently improve therapeutic efficacy and potentially reduce the risks of severe adverse effects and drug resistance. In the course of PDT, a locally injected photosensitizer (PS) is irradiated with a light source, which subsequently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces programmed cell death in tumor cells.

Methods: In this study, to evaluate the potential anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy combined …

Basic Principles Of Chronic Wound Care Management, Mahi-Ruhi Ladhani Jain

Capstone Showcase

This CME article aims to address the basics of chronic wound management, especially related to chronic venous insufficiency, peripheral arterial disease, and diabetes. Many providers do not know how to treat or manage chronic wounds and may use outdated methods to treat the wounds. There are many wound care supplies and resources available for providers when it comes to wound care management. However, the information is spread out across different resources. This article aims to create a resource that allows one to have a basic understanding of wounds and the different ways to manage them. In the article, I will …

Profiling The Molecular And Clinical Landscape Of Glioblastoma Utilizing The Oncology Research Information Exchange Network Brain Cancer Database, Alexandra N. Demetriou, Frances Chow, David W. Craig, Michelle G. Webb, D. Ryan Ormond, James Battiste, Arnab Chakravarti, Howard Colman, John L. Villano, Bryan P. Schneider, James K. C. Liu, Michelle L. Churchman, Gabriel Zada

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Background. Glioblastoma exhibits aggressive growth and poor outcomes despite treatment, and its marked var- iability renders therapeutic design and prognostication challenging. The Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) database contains complementary clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic profiling of 206 glio- blastoma patients, providing opportunities to identify novel associations between molecular features and clinical outcomes.

Methods. Survival analyses were performed using the Logrank test, and clinical features were evaluated using Wilcoxon and chi-squared tests with q-values derived via Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Mutational analyses util- ized sample-level enrichments from whole exome sequencing data, and statistical tests were performed using the one-sided Fisher Exact test …

Translational Approaches To Address The Metastatic/Resistant (Mr) Phenotype Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases, Kent L. Marshall

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Lung cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm shared in men and women worldwide, second only to the sexually dimorphic prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Overall, lung cancer was responsible for 12.5% of new cancer cases globally in the year 2022. Of these cases, 80-85% are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a highly genotypically diverse sub-type of lung cancer. Over the past three decades, extraordinary improvement in screening, smoking cessation, early diagnosis and targeted therapy have been made, improving NSCLC survival markedly. However, as patients are surviving their primary disease better, there is a temporal …

Diagnostic Utility Of Chest Radiographs In Children With Clinically Diagnosed Pneumonia As Per The Kenya Basic Paediatric Protocol, Ivy Waruguru Wakahora

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Introduction; Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality in children globally, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis. While chest radiographs have traditionally been the gold standard for diagnosis, recent international guidelines discourage their routine use in paediatric community acquired pneumonia (pCAP). Despite this, chest radiographs are still regularly acquired for pneumonia diagnosis, resulting in practice variations and imaging overutilization. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic utility of chest radiographs in children with clinically diagnosed pneumonia as per the Kenya Basic Paediatric Protocol (KBPP).

Materials and methods: Data was retrospectively reviewed of 159 paediatric patients at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi …

Biomechanical Evaluation And Intraoperative Strategies For Addressing Suture Anchor Failure In Osteoporotic Bone, Richard Marchese, Samir Baig, Sofia P. Hidalgo, Jaclyn Brunner, David E. Komatsu, Edward D. Wang

Stony Brook Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Journal

Purpose: When aiming to enhance the strength of a suture anchor construct, typically in osteoporotic bone, it is often suggested to employ a method referred to as "under-tapping" (UT). A comprehensive assessment of tapping protocols for anchor placement was conducted to ascertain if this contributes to the prevention of anchor failure. Further, supplementary fixation techniques were examined to offer methods for secure fixation in the event of unanticipated failure.

Hypothesis: Under-tapping can increase load to failure compared to standard tapping (ST). If the initial fixation fails, using larger diameter anchors or bioabsorbable Trim-IT pins (TIP) via cross-pinning can provide stable …

Periodontal Regeneration Related To Periodontitis Treated By Garden Cress And Ozone Therapy. (Randomized Clinical &Experimental Study), Zienab S. Farid, Doaa Adel Habba, Gihan Adel Balbola, Noura Mohammed Bakr

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective: In this article, garden cress and ozone were evaluated for their potential therapeutic properties of PDL and resorption of alveolar bone in the periodontal tissues based on rats' experimental periodontitis and to assess the clinical effectiveness of local application of garden cress and ozone for treatment and management of periodontitis patients using scaling and root planing. Methodology: Thirty mature Wistar male albino rats. Three groups of rats were formed; periodontitis without treatment, periodontitis with garden cress, and periodontitis plus ozone therapy. The present study also included thirty periodontitis Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups of ten …

The Rage Gene Crucial Function In The Etiology And Consequences Of Type I Diabetes, Amal A. Mohamed, Mohamed O. Mahmoud, Gamil M. Abdallah, Nada S. Ali, Mona Abdelmotaleb Abdelfatah Hussein, Ibrahim T. Ibrahim

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Type I Diabetes, among the ten greatest causes of mortality worldwide, is estimated to afflict 642 million individuals by 2040. It is an auto-immune illness brought on by an association of environmental and genetic variables. that cause T lymphocytes to destroy insulin-producing β-cells. Its prevalence continues to rise by 3-4% annually worldwide, enhancing the risk of mortality. So, the idea of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is widely established, and systemic treatment is essential. RAGEs are linked to inflammatory disorders that exist in a variety of TID-related cells; especially T cells. Variations in circulating RAGE concentrations have been linked to a …

The Role Of Renal Resistive Index (Rri) As Early Non Invasive Predictor Of Renal Dysfunction And Relation To Estimated Gfr In Nafld Patients, Atteyat Aboelmaged Semeya, Hala Abd-Elhameed Tabl, Naglaa F. Al-Mihy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is the diagnosis of fatty infiltration of the liver (steatosis) in the absence of other reasons, done through histology or imaging, with or without fibrosis or inflammation. We sought to ascertain the function of RRI as early non-invasive predictor of renal dysfunction and the relationship between eGFR and RRI in patients with NAFLD.

Methods: This cross-sectional research comprised 250 patients and controls gathered from outpatient clinic of the Hepatogasteroenterology Department, Benha teaching Hospitals. They were split into three groups: group 1 consisted of 100 NASH patients, fibrosis-free or with a history of the condition; group …

Oral Collagen Supplementation In 2nd Degree Burn And Chronic Pressure Ulcers, Wesam Ibrahem Homouda, Helmy Ahmed Soliman, Esayed Hussien Elmokadem

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Healing of wounds requires adequate intake of protein, iron, Vitamin-C and zinc. In case of deficiency in the dietary intake, supplements may be prescribed. Collagen-peptide supplements can enhance skin hydration, elasticity, and reduce wrinkles. Burns, caused by various agents, severely damage skin layers. Pressure ulcers occur when prolonged pressure on the skin leads to tissue ischaemia, disrupting nutrition and oxygen supply, resulting in tissue necrosis. Systematic reviews show that oral collagen, either intact or hydrolyzed, effectively improves skin health.

Objectives: This article aim to evaluate the effect of oral collagen intake as a healing promoting supplementation in management of …

Understanding The Effects Of Hormone Treatments On The Transgender Singer: A Pedagogical Study And Voice Studio Guide, Erin M. Hannon

Theses and Dissertations--Music

Transitioning from one gender to another can be an arduous and emotionally charged experience, accompanied by many physical and mental transformations. The journey of self-discovery and vocal explorations is both unique and deeply personal. Modifications that emerge in an individual's vocal characteristics have a profound influence on their capacity to communicate and express themselves.

Transgender vocal students and professional singers must navigate the delicate balance between their vocal and gender identities while considering the possible risks of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy. Though these therapies may significantly alter one's appearance and overall well-being, they are also capable of causing notable declines …

Enhancement Of Antitumor Effects Of Berberine Chloride With A Copper(Ii) Complex Against Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer: In Vitro Studies, Duaa R. Alajroush, Brittney F. Anderson, Janae A. Bruce, Christian I. Lartey, Dazonte A. Mathurin, Sean T. Washington, Tanaya S. Washington, Sidy Diawara, Sakariyau A. Waheed, Kaylin L. Thomas, Stephen J. Beebe, Alvin A. Holder

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In this study, the copper(II) complex [Cu(chromoneTSC)Cl₂]•0.5H₂O•0.0625C₂H₅OH (where chromoneTSC = (E)-N-Ethyl-2-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)-hydrazinecarbothioamide) was synthesized and characterized; then used to carry out in vitro studies in combination with berberine chloride (BBC). The ligand and complex were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and NMR (¹H and ¹³C) spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. The cytotoxic effect was analyzed by using the CCK-8 viability assay in cancer MDA-MB-231 VIM RFP and non-cancer MCF-10A cell lines. The IC₅₀ values for the complex and BBC were 21.2 ± 1.6 and 48.3 ± 2.4 μM, respectively at 24 h incubation, while the IC₅₀ value of the combination treatment …

The Impact Of Iron Supplementation On The Preterm Neonatal Gut Microbiome: A Pilot Study, Matthew Van Ormer, Maranda Thompson, Melissa Thoene, Jean-Jack Riethoven, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Corrine K. Hanson, Ann Anderson-Berry

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: The gastrointestinal microbiome in preterm infants exhibits significant influence on optimal outcomes-with dysbiosis shown to substantially increase the risk of the life-threatening necrotizing enterocolitis. Iron is a vital nutrient especially during the perinatal window of rapid hemoglobin production, tissue growth, and foundational neurodevelopment. However, excess colonic iron exhibits potent oxidation capacity and alters the gut microbiome-potentially facilitating the proliferation of pathological bacterial strains. Breastfed preterm infants routinely receive iron supplementation starting 14 days after delivery and are highly vulnerable to morbidities associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Therefore, we set out to determine if routine iron supplementation alters the preterm gut …

Clinical Study Of Combined Arthroscopic Drilling And Platelet Rich Plasma Injection In Knee Osteochondral Lesions In Middle-Aged Patients, Mohamed Salah Labib Mohamed, Mohamed Abd Elmoneam Gafar

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Osteochondral lesions commonly occur in the knee joints and causes detrimental effects on the quality of life. Arthroscopic drilling is the treatment option for mild to moderate lesions. However, it is debatable whether regenerated cartilage from arthroscopic drilling surgery is durable. It is speculated that induction of chondrocyte differentiation from subchondral mesenchymal stem cells is facilitated by platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is a rich source of diverse growth factors.

Aim of work: To evaluate the procedures of combined arthroscopic drilling and PRP injection intra-articularly for mild to moderate knee osteochondral lesions management.

Patients and Methods: This randomized prospective study …

Suprachoroidal Space Injection Technique Expert Panel Guidance, Charles C. Wykoff, Robert L. Avery, Mark R. Barakat, David S. Boyer, David M. Brown, Alexander J. Brucker, Emmett T. Cunningham Jr., Jeffrey S. Heier, Nancy M. Holekamp, Peter K. Kaiser, Arshad M. Khanani, Judy E. Kim, Hakan Demirci, Carl D. Regillo, Glenn C. Yiu, Thomas A. Ciulla

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Purpose:

To develop professional guidelines for best practices for suprachoroidal space (SCS) injection, an innovative technique for retinal therapeutic delivery, based on current published evidence and clinical experience.

Methods:

A panel of expert ophthalmologists reviewed current published evidence and clinical experience during a live working group meeting to define points of consensus and key clinical considerations to inform the development of guidelines for in-office SCS injection.

Results:

Core consensus guidelines for in-office SCS injection were reached and reported by the expert panel. Current clinical evidence and physician experience supported SCS injection as a safe and effective method for delivering retinal …

A Comparison Of Concurrent Training And Moderate Intensity Continuous Training In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Amanda Alfaro-Chaverri, John Quindry, Charles Dumke, Brian Loyd

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) is the most studied method in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Traditionally, resistance training has been utilized as a secondary role in CR. Recent interest in the topic suggests that MICT and resistance training should be applied collectively, an approach termed concurrent training (CT). The collective understanding of the potential of CT in CR patients is currently lacking.

Purpose: The aim of this professional paper is to analyze scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of CT versus MICT. The analysis will focus on five primary measurements: exercise capacity, cardiovascular …

Protein-Centric Omics Analysis Reveals Circulating Complements Linked To Non-Viral Liver Diseases As Potential Therapeutic Targets, Yingzhou Shi, Hang Dong, Shiwei Sun, Xiaoqin Wu, Jiansong Fang, Jianbo Zhao, Junming Han, Zongyue Li, Huixiao Wu, Luna Liu, Wanhong Wu, Yang Tian, Guandou Yuan, Xiude Fan, Chao Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the causal correlation between complement components and non-viral liver diseases and their potential use as druggable targets.

METHODS: We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal role of circulating complements in the risk of non-viral liver diseases. A complement-centric protein interaction network was constructed to explore biological functions and identify potential therapeutic options.

RESULTS: In the MR analysis, genetically predicted levels of complement C1q C chain (C1QC) were positively associated with the risk of autoimmune hepatitis (odds ratio 1.125, 95% confidence interval 1.018-1.244), while complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5) was positively associated with the risk …

Disentangling Accelerated Cognitive Decline From The Normal Aging Process And Unraveling Its Genetic Components: A Neuroimaging-Based Deep Learning Approach, Yulin Dai, Yu-Chun Hsu, Brisa S Fernandes, Kai Zhang, Xiaoyang Li, Nitesh Enduru, Andi Liu, Astrid M Manuel, Xiaoqian Jiang, Zhongming Zhao, Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The progressive cognitive decline, an integral component of Alzheimer's disease (AD), unfolds in tandem with the natural aging process. Neuroimaging features have demonstrated the capacity to distinguish cognitive decline changes stemming from typical brain aging and AD between different chronological points.

OBJECTIVE: To disentangle the normal aging effect from the AD-related accelerated cognitive decline and unravel its genetic components using a neuroimaging-based deep learning approach.

METHODS: We developed a deep-learning framework based on a dual-loss Siamese ResNet network to extract fine-grained information from the longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. …

Prioritizing Clinically Significant Lung Cancer Somatic Mutations For Targeted Therapy Through Efficient Ngs Data Filtering System, Jinlian Wang, Hui Li, Hongfang Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In the realm of lung cancer treatment, where genetic heterogeneity presents formidable challenges, precision oncology demands an exacting approach to identify and hierarchically sort clinically significant somatic mutations. Current Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) data filtering pipelines, while utilizing various external databases for mutation screening, often fall short in comprehensive integration and flexibility needed to keep pace with the evolving landscape of clinical data. Our study introduces a sophisticated NGS data filtering system, which not only aggregates but effectively synergizes diverse data sources, encompassing genetic variants, gene functions, clinical evidence, and an extensive body of literature. This system is distinguished by a …

Developing Medical Genetics In A Low-Income Country: Unveiling The Journey Of The Pakistani Society Of Medical Genetics And Genomics (Psmg), Aisha Furqan, Syed A Ahmed, Rizwan Naeem, Myla Ashfaq

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1: Novel Biomarker And Prognostic Indicator For Patients With Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatic Cancer, Jianchun Xiao, Fangyu Zhao, Wenhao Luo, Gang Yang, Yicheng Wang, Jiangdong Qiu, Yueze Liu, Lei You, Lianfang Zheng, Taiping Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

AIM: This article aimed to find appropriate pancreatic cancer (PC) patients to treat with Gemcitabine with better survival outcomes by detecting hENT1 levels.

METHODS: We collected surgical pathological tissues from PC patients who received radical surgery in our hospital from September 2004 to December 2014. A total of 375 PC tissues and paired adjacent nontumor tissues were employed for the construction of 4 tissue microarrays (TMAs). The quality of the 4 TMAs was examined by HE staining. We performed immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate hENT1 expression in the TMAs. Moreover, we detected hENT1 expression level and proved the role of hENT1 …

Mouse Models Of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia And Richter Transformation: What We Have Learnt And What We Are Missing, Maria Teresa Sabrina Bertilaccio, Shih-Shih Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment landscape has changed dramatically, unmet clinical needs are emerging, as CLL in many patients does not respond, becomes resistant to treatment, relapses during treatment, or transforms into Richter. In the majority of cases, transformation evolves the original leukemia clone into a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Richter transformation (RT) represents a dreadful clinical challenge with limited therapeutic opportunities and scarce preclinical tools. CLL cells are well known to highly depend on survival signals provided by the tumor microenvironment (TME). These signals enhance the frequency of immunosuppressive cells with protumor function, including regulatory CD4

Approaches To Estimate Bidirectional Causal Effects Using Mendelian Randomization With Application To Body Mass Index And Fasting Glucose, Jinhao Zou, Rajesh Talluri, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an epidemiological framework using genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) to examine the causal effect of exposures on outcomes. Statistical methods based on unidirectional MR (UMR) are widely used to estimate the causal effects of exposures on outcomes in observational studies. To estimate the bidirectional causal effects between two phenotypes, investigators have naively applied UMR methods separately in each direction. However, bidirectional causal effects between two phenotypes create a feedback loop that biases the estimation when UMR methods are naively applied. To overcome this limitation, we proposed two novel approaches to estimate bidirectional causal effects using …

Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure In Homes And Vehicles In Youth: Disparities Among Racial, And Sexual And Gender Minorities, Rajesh Talluri, Sahil S Shete, Surendra S Shastri, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) among youth is a serious public health concern, leading to an increased risk of conditions such as asthma and respiratory infections. However, there is little research on SHSe among vulnerable populations, such as racial and sexual minorities. Understanding the factors associated with youth SHSe in homes and vehicles is crucial to developing better protective policies.

METHODS: This study utilized 2020 data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey, a representative sample of middle- and high-school students in the US. The primary outcomes were youth SHSe at home and while riding in a vehicle. Multinomial regression models …