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Overview Of Gastroenterology For Students, Jeff Vasiloff, Md, Mph

OHIO Open Faculty Textbooks

Overview of gastroenterology authored by Jeffrey Vasiloff, MD, MPH, Associate Clinical Professor, PA Program; Adjunct Professor, PT Program, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University Dublin Medical Campus; Physician Consultant: Ohio Association of Physician Assistants; Physician Volunteer: Franklin County & Columbus Medical Reserve Corps; Board Certification: Internal Medicine & Diabetes and Endocrinology.

Factors Affecting The Joy Of Life In Old Age: A Scale Development Study, Yalçın Karagöz, Yusuf Karaşi̇n, Mustafa Filiz, Mehmet Ateş

Adultspan Journal

This study aims to introduce a measurement tool into the literature that can reveal the factors affecting the joy of life in older adulthood. Participants included 266 individuals aged 55 and over living in Izmir, Turkey. The process of developing the scale includes the following stages: problem identification, item pool creation, expert opinion, form shaping, pilot application, and finalizing the scale. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale consists of 6 different dimensions, and the variance explained by these dimensions was found to be 65.184%. The acceptable values for the scale's fit indicators are as follows: χ²/df0.90, IFI > 0.90, …

Baseline Disease Characteristics By Surgery History Among Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (Crswnp) In The Global Aroma Registry, Shigeharu Fujieda, Jayant M. Pinto, David W. Jang, Joseph K. Han, James Mims, Eugenio De Corso, Martin Wagenmann, Changming Xia, Thomas Plucinak, Mark Corbett, Scott Nash, Amr Radwan

Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) Faculty Publications

Purpose

The global Assessing long-teRm Outcomes in dupiluMAb (AROMA) registry study aims to characterize the long-term, real-world use of dupilumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). This paper reports interim analysis of the baseline characteristics for the first 303 patients enrolled in AROMA.

Methods and materials

AROMA is currently ongoing in adult patients with CRSwNP who initiated dupilumab for up to 36 months. This interim analysis describes baseline demographics; systemic/oral corticosteroid (SCS/OCS) and antibiotic use; disease burden; healthcare resource utilization; and medical history. All outcomes are summarized descriptively.

Results

As of February 2023, AROMA had enrolled 303 …

Size Of Pediatric Tracheostomy Tube And Predictors Of Postoperative Complications, Soukaina Eljamri, Jordyn Lucas, Amber Shaffer, Basil Hashimi, Marina Rushchak, Reema Padia

Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) Faculty Publications

Objective

(1) To investigate weight as an alternative guide for trach tube choice. (2) Evaluate complications 3-month posttracheostomy and associations with patient and trach tube factors.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single academic medical center.

Methods

Patients < 2 years old who underwent tracheostomy placement from 2017 to 2022 were identified. Associations between trach characteristics, trach size/length, chest x-ray (CXR) and intraoperative endoscopy measurements, and complications within 3 months posttracheostomy placement were evaluated.

Results

In total, 68 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 4 months (range: 1 day to 1.74 years) and weight of 4.1 kg (range: 1.8-11.6 kg) at the time of the procedure. The length of the trachea measured on CXR was more closely associated with weight (ρ = 0.403, P = .0007) than with age (ρ = …

A Comparison Of Allergen Sensitization Profiles In Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With And Without Nasal Polyposis, Lauren Trzcinski, Suhas Bharadwaj, Randall A. Bloch, Joseph K. Han, Kent K. Lam

Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) Faculty Publications

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are common comorbid sinonasal conditions. CRS is classically divided into two distinct phenotypes: CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP). The purpose of this retrospective observational study is to determine whether aeroallergen sensitization profiles in patients with comorbid CRS and AR can distinguish between CRSwNP and CRSsNP. A total of 241 patients diagnosed with comorbid CRS and AR who underwent skin prick testing or in vitro allergy testing in a single tertiary rhinology practice were included for evaluation. The rates of allergen-specific sensitizations in CRSwNP patients were compared with …

Combination Of Hsp90 Inhibitors And Hsp70 Inducers Prevent Hydrochloric Acid-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis In Rabbits, Ruben M. L. Colunga Biancatelli, Pavel A. Solopov, Tierney Day, Dan E. Austin Jr., Len E. Murray, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Combined therapies with Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) inducers are gaining significant interest in cancer and cardiovascular research. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HSP90 inhibitors and HSP70 inducers, together, can block the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We exposed New Zealand White Rabbits to hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.1 N, 1.5 mL/kg), one of the top five chemicals most commonly involved in accidental exposures and inhalation injuries worldwide, and treated animals with either the orally available HSP90 inhibitor TAS-116 (1.7 mg/kg 5x/week) or TAS-116 combined with the HSP70 inducer, geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA, 50 mg/kg, …

Optimizing Decision-Making In A Cerebral Palsy Model Using Reinforcement Learning, Richard Ampah

Pitzer Senior Theses

This study presents an original interdisciplinary investigation into how reinforcement learning (RL) can model motor and cognitive defects and potentially improve motor and cognitive functions in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), a non-progressive neurological disorder that impairs movement and adaptability. Integrating computational neuroscience and machine learning, the research applies policy gradient methods and Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) to simulate adaptive learning in agents with and without CP-related constraints.

The central aim is to compare the cumulative rewards of optimal policies, derived from value iteration, and human-like learning policies using the REINFORCE algorithm, both with and without the Bellman baseline. The …

Characterization Of Sarcoidosis At A Combined Rheumatology-Pulmonary Clinic, Megan Schermerhorn, Md, Julianna Desmarais, Md

Books, Presentations, Posters, Etc.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by formation of small clusters of inflammatory cells that form granulomas. Heterogenous and typically involves multiple organ systems with varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. Poorly defined treatment landscape. The purpose of this study was to characterize a cohort of sarcoidosis patients in a combined rheumatology-pulmonary clinic according to organ involvement and treatment over 5 years. Discussion: •Single center academic study of a that is the first of its kind. •Data highlights complexity and heterogeneity of patients with sarcoidosis and utility of combined rheumatology – pulmonary clinic. •65.3% of patients exhibited …

Perspective On Alcohol-Induced Organ Damage Via Autophagy-Dependent Cellular Changes, Ahmed Bakheet, Murugadas Anbazhagan, Shirish Barve, Srinivasan Dasarathy, John Dickinson, Wen-Xing Ding, Terrence Donohue, Thiyagarajan Gopal, Anna Gukovskaya, Kusum K. Kharbanda, John J. Lemasters, Natalia A. Osna, Pal Pacher, Lucy Sloan, Luis F. Vilches, Viswanathan Saraswathi, Xiao-Ming Yin, Zhi Zhong, Paul G. Thomes

Journal Articles: Internal Medicine

Alcohol-induced organ damage is a major global health concern and a leading cause of disability and mortality. In addition to the liver, chronic alcohol consumption adversely affects multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems, the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, kidneys, pancreas, and the brain. Organ damage begins with necrosis (cell death) followed by tissue injury, which triggers immune responses aimed at tissue repair. However, with continued heavy drinking, these reparative responses transition into inflammatory responses which exacerbate tissue injury and accelerate disease progression. Macroautophagy, commonly referred to as autophagy, is a vital and evolutionarily-conserved digestive process in eukaryotic …

Academic Proficiency In Ugandan Children With Sickle Cell Anemia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Robert Opoka, Shubaya Kasule Naggayi, Paul Bangirana, Simple Ouma, Betty Nyangoma, Annet Birabwa, Grace Nambatya, Maxencia Kabatabaazi, Ann Jacqueline Nakitende, Dennis Kalibbala

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Introduction: Academic proficiency is crucial for advancing learning goals, school advancement, and future economic security. Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) may be at risk of disease-associated learning difficulties. Limited data exist on this topic among school-age children in the region. We aimed to assess academic proficiency in a sample of children with SCA in Uganda compared with unaffected controls.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kampala, Uganda. Participants were school-going children with SCA, aged 6–12 years, attending Mulago Hospital SCA Clinic, and age-matched sibling controls without SCA. Academic proficiency was assessed by the Wide …

The Major League Baseball Pitch Clock: One Year Position Player Injury Analysis, Troy Puga, Nicholas Scigliano, Mckenna Box, John T. Riehl

North Texas Research Forum 2025

Background In 2023, Major League Baseball (MLB) implemented the pitch clock. The effects of the pitch clock on player injury rates is largely unknown, and some, including the major league baseball players association, have suggested that pitchers may be at an increased risk of injury with its implementation. Position players have received little attention in these discussions, even though they may be at the same theorized risk of injuries. The aim of this study is to determine if implementation of the 2023 MLB pitch clock influenced the incidence of injuries in position players. It is hypothesized that implementation of the …

Granulomatosis With Polyangitis Presenting As Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis And Oculomotor Nerve Palsy: A Case Report, Kempes Chan, Nanda Gopalan

Central & West Texas and San Antonio GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Management Of Perineal Hernia Following Abdominoperineal Resection: A Case Report Using Transperineal Repair And Mesh, Evan Chen, Anthony Macaluso, Danielle Pigneri

North Texas Research Forum 2025

Background & Significance: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is a complex surgical procedure commonly performed for low rectal or anal cancer. A rare complication following this surgery is the development of perineal hernias, occurring in 1-26% of cases. There is no universally accepted treatment for perineal hernias, and management is often individualized. Treatment options include conservative measures, transabdominal versus transperineal repair, varying patient positioning, and the use of mesh. This case report describes a transperineal repair in a prone jack-knife position using mesh for pelvic floor reconstruction. Case Presentation: A 54-year-old female status post robotic APR for rectal adenocarcinoma presented with symptomatic …

Unveiling A Rare Pathology: Carcinosarcoma Of The Gallbladder, Gul Emek Wymer, Laci-Rae Pitter, Susana Ferra

East Florida Division GME Research Day 2025

Introduction: Gallbladder carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive biliary tract malignancy, constituting approximately 1.7% of gallbladder cancers, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the English literature as of 2023. These tumors, often affecting gynecological organs, feature both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. They predominantly occur in females, with a mean presentation age of 66 years. Diagnosis is primarily based on pathological analysis, and the mainstay of treatment is surgical excision.

Case Description: We present a case of an 81-year-old female with no significant medical history, who was admitted after a fall. A CT scan revealed an 18.2 cm gallbladder mass …

Streptococcus Intermedius In The Setting Of Adalimumab Use, Gerardo Martinez Arroyo, Amelia Mellor, Joseph Prokop, Oscar Garcia

Central & West Texas and San Antonio GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Treatment Of Starvation Ketoacidosis In The Third Trimester Of Pregnancy: A Case Report, Christine Le, Charmaine Oladell, Nicole Tenzel

North Texas Research Forum 2025

INTRODUCTION: Starvation ketoacidosis represents a rare but complicated maternal morbidity that primarily occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. With increased insulin resistance and metabolism manifesting in pregnancy, prompt care is required to diagnose and treat starvation ketoacidosis as it appears at an accelerated rate. However, despite the severity of maternal and fetal complications arising from this condition, standardized treatment protocols have not been elucidated. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case report, a 33-year-old gravida 3 para 0-2-0-2 at 31 weeks and 5 days gestational age was admitted to antepartum services for intractable nausea, vomiting, and anuria and transferred to the …

Cocaine Induced Agranulocytosis And Neutropenia, Maria Gomez Alvarez, Ashish Govan, Raymond Larocque

East Florida Division GME Research Day 2025

Introduction: Cocaine use in the United states is seen in many cases within the hospital system. Typically, they present with tachycardia, hypertension, sweating, even heart attack. Due to the uncontrolled sale and distribution of drugs, patients can be exposed to other additives in drugs which can lead to unexpected complications. Cocaine laced with levamisole (an antiparasitic drug used in veterinary medicine) can lead to agranulocytosis and neutropenia. Cocaine being the second most used illegal drug following marijuana it may be much more common than we think. Millions of individuals use cocaine yearly and develop a heavy addiction with use of …

The Association Between Obstetric Violence And Postpartum Depression Among Latina Women In The United States: An Integrative Review, Natalia Alameda

Scripps Senior Theses

Obstetric violence, a structural form of gender-based violence, involves abuse, mistreatment, or neglect by healthcare providers during obstetric care. It is often associated with childbirth trauma and may result in physical and psychological harm to mothers and children, including postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a major depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or within four weeks following delivery. While these concepts are often studied independently, few studies examine their intersection, particularly among Latina women in the United States. To address this gap, an integrative literature review was conducted to explore the association between obstetric violence and postpartum depression among Latina women. …

Sex Differences In Brain Iron Deposition And Microglial Ferritin In Alzheimer’S Disease, Syed Mushfiqur Rahman, Chunfeng Tan, Akiyoshi Kakita, Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective

Iron is the most abundant metal in the human brain, and plays a crucial role in many biological processes. However, disruptions in brain iron metabolism can lead to iron buildup, which occurs with aging and is linked to several brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, have the highest capacity to store iron, which is stored intracellularly within ferritin complexes. Importantly, women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and experience faster disease progression compared to men.

Methods

We used postmortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease and small vessel disease patients …

A Vision Transformer Based Assistive System For Dermatological Diagnosis In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Syeda Lamima Farhat

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and often underdiagnosed autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and presents with a wide range of symptoms-ranging from fatigue and joint pain to life-threatening organ damage. One of its most visible and diagnostically significant indicators is the Butterfly Malar Rash (BMR), a distinctive facial rash that often resembles other common dermatological conditions like rosacea, acne, eczema, and fifth disease. This overlap can lead to misdiagnosis or delayed detection, especially in busy clinical environments. To assist dermatologists in distinguishing BMR from similar facial rashes, this study explores the development of an AI-powered image classification …

Quantitative Preventive Approaches To Diabetes: Mathematical Modeling And Analysis, Rushi P. Bhatt

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The rising prevalence of diabetes presents a pressing global health concern, necessitating effective control strategies. This study aims to construct a mathematical model to analyze the influence of diverse factors on blood sugar levels, with a focus on identifying optimal methods for maintaining healthy glucose levels. Employing ordinary differential equations (ODE), the model investigates variables including leptin resistance, fat mass, glucose, insulin resistance, beta cell mass, daily physical activity, and dietary intake. Utilizing parameter estimates from existing literature, the model’s framework is established, and simulation results elucidate the intricate interplay between lifestyle choices and blood glucose dynamics. Furthermore, the model …

Tryptophan Kynurenine Pathway-Based Imaging Agents For Brain Disorders And Oncology-From Bench To Bedside, Erik Stauff, Wenqi Xu, Heidi H. Kecskemethy, Sigrid A. Langhans, Vinay V. R. Kandula, Lauren W. Averill, Xuyi Yue

Jefferson Hospital Staff Papers and Presentations

Tryptophan (Trp)-based radiotracers have excellent potential for imaging many different types of brain pathology because of their involvement with both the serotonergic and kynurenine (KYN) pathways. However, radiotracers specific to the kynurenine metabolism pathway are limited. In addition, historically Trp-based radiopharmaceuticals were synthesized with the short-lived isotope carbon-11. A newer generation of Trp-based imaging agents using the longer half-lived and commercially available isotopes, such as fluorine-18 and iodine-124, are being developed. The newly developed amino acid-based tracers have been demonstrated to have favorable radiochemical and imaging characteristics in pre-clinical studies. However, many barriers still exist in the clinical translation of …

Medical-Grade Honey And Standard Dressings In Burn Wound Care: Evaluating Effectiveness, Cost, And Patient Outcomes, Andrew Golonka, Chloe Shin

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Burn injuries burden the healthcare system globally as silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is the standard treatment even though it delays healing and is highly costly. Medical-grade honey (MGH) demonstrates superior antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, however, there are still evidence gaps when comparing effectiveness, cost efficiency, and patient centered outcomes. Purpose: This study aims to compare MGH and SSD amongst these gaps to inform evidence based burn care. Methods:A randomized controlled trial will enroll 100 people between 25-50 years of age with first and second degree burns, < 20% total body surface area within two hospital burn units. Participants will be assigned to either MGH or SSD treatment. The study will be a single blind design where dermatologists evaluating the wound photographs will not know the treatment given. Primary outcomes include wound healing time, infection rates, and patient reported pain scores. Secondary outcomes will focus on cost effectiveness analyses and patient quality of life. Standardized protocols will be implemented for data collection, wound assessment, and safety monitoring. Results: We anticipate that MGH will have lower infection rates, promote faster wound …

Optimizing Discharge Education For Patients With Heart Failure, Connie-Rose Pangan

Nursing | Senior Theses

Noncompliance can be a result of a lack of comprehension of discharge instructions and a lack of concise, effective educational resources. Due to this deficit, patients with heart failure are less likely to comply with their discharge protocol and are therefore more likely to be readmitted to the hospital. The aim of the study is to consolidate a teaching method that accommodates one's existing educational barriers, implement follow-up to increase knowledge retention and improve self care, and prevent readmission among HF patients. Two hundred hospitalized, English-speaking patients with heart failure above 65 years old across 20 US Hospitals will be …

Association Of Prenatal Exposure To Phthalates And Phenols With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, Misa Hayasaka, Diana Aboukhater, George Saade, Tetsuya Kawakita

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the association between prenatal exposures to phthalates and phenols and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth weight, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

METHODS:

This study analyzed data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes consortium, which harmonized longitudinal data on more than 30,000 pregnancies and 57,000 children from 69 cohorts across the United States and Puerto Rico. Pregnancy outcomes included PTB, SGA, and GDM, identified from medical records or self-reports. Generalized estimating equations models with Poisson distribution and robust variance were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs per interquartile …

Longitudinal Assessment Of Intravillous Arterioles In Normal Pregnancy Using Superb Microvascular Imaging, R. Horgan, E. Sinkovskaya, G. Saade, E. Kalafat, A. Heeze, A. Abuhamad

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective

To use superb microvascular imaging (SMI) to longitudinally evaluate blood flow in intravillous arterioles (IVA) in pregnancy, and to develop reference ranges for IVA pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) from 12 to 38 weeks' gestation.

Methods

The data for this study were obtained from the National Institutes of Health-funded Human Placenta Project. Eligible for inclusion were women aged 18-35 years, with a body mass index of <  30 kg/m², without comorbidities, with a singleton pregnancy conceived spontaneously and a gestational age of ≤ 13 + 6 weeks. Exclusion criteria were maternal or neonatal complications, fetal or umbilical cord anomalies, abnormal placental implantation and delivery <  37 weeks. Each participant underwent eight ultrasound examinations during pregnancy. Using SMI technology, the total number of IVA identified was recorded in a sagittal placental section at the level of cord insertion. The PI and PSV were measured in a total of six IVA (two in the central portion of the placenta, two peripherally towards the uterine fundal portion and two peripherally towards the lower uterine segment). Umbilical artery (UA)-PI was also obtained. Multilevel regression models were used to create reference ranges for IVA-PI and IVA-PSV at 12-38 weeks' gestation.

Results

A total of 90 women fulfilled the study criteria. IVA-PI decreased throughout pregnancy from a mean ± SD of 1.04 ± 0.23 in the first trimester (at 12-13 weeks) …

American Heart Association Blood Pressure Classification And Subsequent Risk Of Preeclampsia, Rebecca Horgan, Erkan Kalafat, Elena Sinkovskaya, Alfred Abuhamad, George Saade

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background: In 2017, the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology updated their hypertension guidelines for the nonpregnant population, lowering the diagnostic thresholds to systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg. This reclassification has raised important questions regarding whether blood pressure (BP) values previously considered within the normal range in pregnancy may, in fact, confer an increased risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs).

Objective: To evaluate the association between first-trimester BP classified by AHA thresholds and the subsequent development of HDPs.

Study design: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter cohort …

Benchmarking Batch-Effect Correction Methods Towards The Construction Of A Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Atlas, Peter Scheible, Amy H. Tang, Jing He, Jiangwen Sun

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) requires detailed cellular mapping given its aggressive nature, immense tumor heterogeneity and genetic diversity. We integrated 156,794 cells from six scRNA-seq datasets—including tumors, metastases, and cell lines—to build a TNBC scRNA cell atlas, focusing on batch effect mitigation while maintaining biological and molecular details. Preprocessing f ilters noise, normalizes data, and leverages PCA for integration readiness. We utilized scANVI, a semi-supervised tool, to align datasets, preserving TNBC’s complex tumor heterogeneity via marker annotations [1]. UMAPs demonstrate biological clustering in integrated data, contrasted with datasetdriven unintegrated patterns. Assessments verifying effective batch correction. This method aligns with NASA’s …

Coldstartcpi: Induced-Fit Theory-Guided Dti Predictive Model With Improved Generalization Performance, Qichang Zhao, Haochen Zhao, Linyuan Gao, Kai Zheng, Yajie Li, Qiao Ling, Jing Tang, Yaohang Li, Jianxin Wang

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Predicting compound-protein interactions (CPIs) plays a crucial role in drug discovery. Traditional methods, based on the key-lock theory and rigid docking, often fail with novel compounds and proteins due to their inability to account for molecular flexibility and the high sparsity of CPI data. Here, we introduce ColdstartCPI, a framework inspired by induced-fit theory, which leverages unsupervised pre-training features and a Transformer module to learn both compound and protein characteristics. ColdstartCPI treats proteins and compounds as flexible molecules during inference, aligning with biological insights. It outperforms state-of-the-art sequence-based models, particularly for unseen compounds and proteins, and shows strong generalization capability …

Parenteral Nutritional Support In Surgical Patients: Expert Consensus Statements Regarding Intravenous Lipid Emulsions Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acids., Robert G Martindale, David C Evans, Dan Waitzberg, Malissa Warren, Manpreet S Mundi, Stanislaw Klek, Paul E Wischmeyer, Martin D Rosenthal

Surgery Articles

OBJECTIVES: The International Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Summit was convened to offer practical guidance and expert consensus opinion regarding the use of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) in various clinical settings. Herein, we briefly review aspects from this summit that are of particular importance for surgical/hospitalized patients.

METHODS: Summit participants identified and discussed new evidence, data, and analyses, that potentially influence the benefits and risks of ILEs in PN or their use in clinical practice. The summit meeting consisted of expert presentations that assessed recent clinical data and best practice, followed by periodic panel discussions to formulate consensus statements. Consensus …