Digital Commons Network^™

Molecular Actions Of The Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Cg-1521 In Models Of Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Namita Chatterjee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and particularly lethal form of breast cancer. Despite aggressive therapeutic approaches, the 5-year survival rate is only 34%. As this disease is severely understudied, we have investigated the therapeutic potential of the novel hydroxamic acid-derived histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), CG-1521 in comparison to a structurally similar compound, Trichostatin A (TSA) in two IBC cell lines: SUM149PT and SUM190PT. In these cells, CG-1521 and TSA induce dose- and time-dependent induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis regardless of the presence of 17β-estradiol (E2). Interestingly, the cell lines have considerably different sensitivities to these treatments …

A Divisive Shuffling Approach (Vista) For Gene Expression Analysis To Identify Subtypes In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Jörg Menche, Amitabh Sharma, Michael H. Cho, Ruth J. Mayer, Stephen I. Rennard, Bartolome Celli, Bruce E. Miller, Nick Locantore, Ruth Tal-Singer, Soumitra Ghosh, Chris Larminie, Glyn Bradley, John H. Riley, Alvar Agusti, Edwin K. Silverman, Albert-László Barabási

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: An important step toward understanding the biological mechanisms underlying a complex disease is a refined understanding of its clinical heterogeneity. Relating clinical and molecular differences may allow us to define more specific subtypes of patients that respond differently to therapeutic interventions.

RESULTS: We developed a novel unbiased method called diVIsive Shuffling Approach (VIStA) that identifies subgroups of patients by maximizing the difference in their gene expression patterns. We tested our algorithm on 140 subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and found four distinct, biologically and clinically meaningful combinations of clinical characteristics that are associated with large gene expression …

Oncolog, Volume 59, Number 01, January 2014, Joe Munch, Jill Delsigne, M. Yeoman

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Addressing Fertility Issues in Cancer Patients: For some newly diagnosed cancer patients, whether they will be able to have children after treatment is the furthest question from their minds-until the risks of therapy bring it front-and-center
• INBRIEF: Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy May Reduce Side Effects of Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment
• Medical Advances Improve Bile Duct Cancer Treatment: Cholangiocarcinoma, the most common bile duct cancer, is a clinically silent disease in its early stages; patients usually present with advanced disease, which carries a poor prognosis
• HOUSE CALL: Weight Loss Tips for Breast Cancer Survivors-Losing excess weight has multiple benefits

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2013-2014), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2013 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Message from the President
• PCOM Updates
• Development News
• Diversity: The Changing Face of Osteopathic Medical Education
• Reducing Disparities through Cultural Competence
• Toward a Culture of Inclusion: The Diversity Office at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
• Cultural Sensitivity Enhances Palliative Care
• Sherman Leis, DO ’67, FACOS: Aiding in Journeys of Transition
• Language, Diversity & Learning
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn Essay

Clinical And Biochemical Characteristics Of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Shakeel Ahmed, Syed Rehan Ali, Sidra Ishaque, Nabil Sami

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To determine the clinical and biochemical characteristics of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) at a tertiary care centre in Karachi, Pakistan.

Study Design: A descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Rheumatology Clinic of The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, from January 2008 to December 2011.

Methodology: Clinical and laboratory profile and outcome of children less than 15 years of age attending the Paediatric Rheumatology Clinic of the Aga Khan University, Karachi with the diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis according to International League against Rheumatism were studied. These children were classified into different types of JIA; …

Immune Responses To Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine In Children 2 To 16 Years Old In Karachi, Pakistan, And Kolkata, India, R. Leon Ochiai, M. Imran Khan, Sajid B. Soofi, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo, Young Ae You, Atif Habib, Shah Muhammad Sahito, Byomkesh Manna, Camilo J. Acosta, Mohammad Ali, Sujit K. Bhattacharya, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, John D. Clemens

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The geometric mean concentration (GMC) and the proportion maintaining a protective level (150 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units [ELU]/ml) 2 years following a single dose of 25 μg of injectable Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine was measured against that of the control hepatitis A vaccine in children 2 to 16 years old in cluster randomized trials in Karachi and Kolkata. The GMC for the Vi group (1,428 ELU/ml) was statistically significantly different from the GMC of the control hepatitis A vaccine group (86 ELU/ml) after 6 weeks. A total of 117 children (95.1%) in the Vi group and 9 (7.5%) …

Tmprss2-Erg Regulation Of Androgen Biosynthetic Enzyme Expression, Dht Synthesis, And Androgen Receptor Activation In Prostate Cancer, Katelyn Ann Powell

Wayne State University Dissertations

Intratumoral androgen synthesis in prostate cancer (PCa) contributes to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several enzymes responsible for androgen biosynthesis have been shown to be overexpressed in CRPC, thus, contributing to CRPC in a castrated environment. Although intratumoral androgen synthesis is thought to contribute to the development and progression of CRPC, currently little is known regarding the regulation of androgen biosynthetic enzyme gene expression in PCa. The TMPRSS2-ERG transcription factor has been shown to be present in primary PCa tumors as well as CRPC tumors. The hypothesis was investigated that TMPRSS2-ERG fusions regulate androgen biosynthetic enzyme (ABE) gene …

Synapsis: Philadelphia Campus 2014, Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

The 2014 Philadelphia Campus Synapsis includes Orientation, Anatomy, White Coat Ceremony, DO Day on the Hill, PCOM Military, Service in the Community, Missions Abroad, Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Convocation, Relay for Life, Make-A-Wish Date Auction, Clubs such as ACOFP, AMA, AMOPS, AMWA, APAMSA, CNS, Dermatology, DO Council, Integrative Medicine, Internal Medicine, LGBT in Medicine, Students for Choice, Nutrition in Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, PCOM East, Pediatrics, Running, SAAO, SGA Senate, SNMA, SOC Executive Board, Soccer, SOMA, Sports Medicine, Surgery, Leadership Banquet 2012, Peps, Sports, J Group, Clinical Rotations, Formal Events, Match, Class Chair.

Eating Disorders: The Hidden Hormonal Effect On Fertility, Esther Tessler-Karfunkel

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Women who have a history of eating disorders, specifically anorexia nervosa, are more prone to suffer from infertility. There are several hormones which are the driving force in this system and are therefore responsible for this. Fortunately, there are treatments which can help women with a history of eating disorders to reproduce. Using information found on Pubmed and Touro College’s database, this paper will discuss why the body cannot reproduce when it is lacking proper nutrition, as well as the various dynamics in the human reproductive system which are compromised when the body is not properly nourished.

Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Adina Mezrahi

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This objective of this review is to present the known data in regards to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in infants. Articles with relevant definitions, diagnosis and treatment options were evaluated. It is evident that much controversy exists in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, and there is the question as whether this disease can be called GERD. Current ability to attribute the symptoms infants present with the disease is still difficult to clarify, despite the fact that as many as 60% of infants show symptoms of this disease. The current testing options have proven to be insufficient in concretely …

Immunization Manual For Medical And Nursing Students ''Hepatitis B Disease'', Rose Kamenwa

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Approximately 350 – 400 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV ), and approximately 1 million die annually of HBV -related disease. The worldwide prevalence of hepatitis B virus ranges from 0.1% to 20%). This wide range is largely due to differences in age at the time of infection. Following acute HBV infection, the risk of developing chronic infection varies inversely with age: 90% for perinatal infection, 25–35% for infection at age 1–5 years and less than 10% for adults. About 45% of the world population live in areas where chronic HBV is highly endemic …

Models Of Care For Orphaned And Separated Children And Upholding Children's Rights: Cross-Sectional Evidence From Western Kenya, Lonnie Embleton, David Ayuku, Allan Kamanda, Lukoye Atwoli, Samuel Ayaya, Rachel Vreeman, Winstone Nyandiko, Peter Gisore, Julius Koech, Paula Braitstein

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is home to approximately 55 million orphaned children. The growing orphan crisis has overwhelmed many communities and has weakened the ability of extended families to meet traditional care-taking expectations. Other models of care and support have emerged in sub-Saharan Africa to address the growing orphan crisis, yet there is a lack of information on these models available in the literature. We applied a human rights framework using the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to understand what extent children's basic human rights were being upheld in institutional vs. community- or family-based care settings in …

Commentary On: "Facilitating Transparency In Spinal Cord Injury Studies Using Data Standards And Ontologies", Diane M. Snow

Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Firesetting, Sexual Abuse And Long-Term Consequences, Lesley Davidson, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

In this chapter we summarize the limited studies on post-pubertal consequences of female childhood sexual abuse that includes both psychological distress and physiological stress. The characteristics of sexual abuse are discussed and determined to play a major role in the degree of trauma experienced and in the later effects. The concept of hormones and how disruptions in various endocrine systems can affect the development of these females are examined, especially during the pubertal period. Outcomes of interest included competence, in terms of cognitive, social, self-esteem, and locus of control, and psychopathology including depression, anxiety, dissociation, and hypersexuality. Direct physical results …

Self-Reported Juvenile Firesetting, Carrie Howell Bowling, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

In this chapter we address gaps in existing research by examining the relationship between academic performance and attention problems with juvenile firesetting. Two datasets from the Achenbach System for Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) were used. The Factor Analysis Dataset (N = 975) was utilized and results indicated that adolescents who report lower academic performance are more likely to set fires. Additionally, adolescents who report a poor attitude toward school are even more likely to set fires. Logistic regressions were run to determine if attention problems predicted firesetting and the findings indicated that attention problems are predictive of self-reported firesetting. The …

Adolescent Bereavement, Leslie Robin, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Depending on cognitive and emotional development, an adolescent may grieve very differently than a child or an adult. While mature enough to understand death's irreversibility, adolescents may not fully comprehend the enduring consequences of a loved one's death. As the desire to separate from their families and forge new intimate relationships with peers assumes increasing priority, adolescents can seem egocentric in their reaction to death, a response which often frustrates and perplexes adults. Because volatile behavior is characteristic of adolescence, health providers struggle to differentiate between normal and complicated bereavement. Here we review the commonly-accepted characteristics of normal and complicated …

Disability And Women's Health, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Children, adolescents, and women with disabilities experience the same sexual development, pubertal changes, concerns, and desire to reproduce as their typically developing counterparts. However, society has tended to stigmatize women with disabilities as "asexual" and ignore this aspect of their health care. These women are less likely to receive gynecological exams, contraception, and evaluation of sexual dysfunction. Unfortunately, having a disability places women at risk for sexual exploitation and abuse as well as sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, reproductive health care for these women is imperative. A number of barriers to receiving reproductive care exist. However, with proper education and knowledge …

Family Environmental Health And Teen Outcomes, Lesley Davidson, Alissa Briggs, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Understanding the impact of family dynamics on health has become an environmental health priority in the field of adolescent medicine. Family dynamics are much more complex than they were 60 years ago and so are behavioral outcomes. This transformation in the American family has led towards a large array of adolescent living situations. Rural Kentucky is a prime example of an area with a high rate of nontraditional family composition. Poor family dynamics may be associated with increased rates of high risk behaviors among teenagers. Among these behaviors are drug use, sexual activity, and depression. In this study, we evaluated …

Academic Predictors And Characteristics Of Self-Reported Juvenile Firesetting, Carrie Howell Bowling, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The main purpose of this study was to address gaps in existing research by examining the relationship between academic performance and attention problems with juvenile firesetting. Two datasets from the Achenbach System for Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) were used. The Factor Analysis Dataset (N = 975) was utilized and results indicated that adolescents who report lower academic performance are more likely to set fires. Additionally, adolescents who report a poor attitude toward school are even more likely to set fires. Logistic regressions were run to determine if attention problems predicted firesetting and the findings indicated that attention problems are predictive …

Exposure To Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals And Male Reproductive Health, Hueiwang Anna Jeng

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with normal hormonal balance and may exert adverse consequences on humans. The male reproductive system may be susceptible to the effects of such environmental toxicants. This review discusses the recent progress in scientific data mainly from epidemiology studies on the associations between EDCs and male reproductive health and our understanding of possible mechanisms associated with the effects of EDCs on male reproductive health. Finally, the review provides recommendations on future research to enhance our understanding of EDCs and male reproductive health. The review highlights the need for (1) well-defined longitudinal epidemiology studies, with appropriately …

A Mother's Paradox: Choosing A Birthing Method In The 21st Century, Jenae Franklin

Pitzer Senior Theses

Investigating childbirth, one of the biggest moments of a woman’s life, this thesis examines the reasons behind women’s preferred birthing methods. This research explores the fundamental decisions women make during the birthing process: the amount of prenatal care mothers will receive, the type of health care provider they will use, picking the place of delivery, views on technological and medical interventions, and outlooks on natural childbirth. In addition to an extensive literature review, in-depth interviews with mothers, midwives, and obstetricians are used to examine the various controversies of childbirth. This thesis begins with a review of the transition from midwives …

Immunotherapy In Combination With Behavioral Enrichment In A Canine Model Of Aging, Paulina R. Davis

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline and hallmark neuropathology, including β-amyloid (Aβ). Therapeutic strategies for AD are focusing on reducing Aβ. Canines develop Aβ neuropathology and cognitive decline with age similar to AD patients. In previous studies, immunization with Aβ1-42 (VAC) in aged canines decreased brain Aβ but did not improve cognition. Behavioral enrichment (ENR) improved cognition without reducing brain Aβ. We hypothesized that VAC combined with ENR would provide cognitive benefits and reduce Aβ neuropathology, as compared individual VAC and ENR treatments. Aged beagles were placed into groups: control, VAC with fibrillar Aβ1-42, ENR, and combination treatment …

Quantification Of Factors Governing Drug Release Kinetics From Nanoparticles: A Combined Experimental And Mechanistic Modeling Approach, Kyle Daniel Fugit

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Advancements in nanoparticle drug delivery of anticancer agents require mathematical models capable of predicting in vivo formulation performance from in vitro characterization studies. Such models must identify and incorporate the physicochemical properties of the therapeutic agent and nanoparticle driving in vivo drug release. This work identifies these factors for two nanoparticle formulations of anticancer agents using an approach which develops mechanistic mathematical models in conjunction with experimental studies.

A non-sink ultrafiltration method was developed to monitor liposomal release kinetics of the anticancer agent topotecan. Mathematical modeling allowed simultaneous determination of drug permeability and interfacial binding to the bilayer from release …

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (Pi3k) As A Therapeutic Target In Nsclc, Christopher W. Stamatkin

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Deregulated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is central to many human malignancies. The functions of this pathway are critical for normal cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival. In lung cancers, the PI3K pathway activity is often aberrantly driven by multiple mutations, including EGFR, KRAS, and PIK3CA. Molecules targeting the PI3K pathway are intensely investigated as potential anti-cancer agents. Although inhibitors of the pathway are currently in clinical trials, rational and targeted use of these compounds, alone or in combination, requires an understanding of isoform-specific activity in context. We sought to identify class IA PI3K enzyme (p110a/PIK3CA, p110b/PIK3CB, p110d/PIK3CD) activities using …

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Are Anti-Inflammatory And Target Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Benjamin J. Fowler

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a principal cause of blindness in the United States and other industrialized nations. An estimated 10 million Americans are afflicted with AMD, which is comparable in scope to the 12 million living with cancer, or the 5 million with Alzheimer’s disease. The prevalence of AMD steadily increases with age, affecting 2% of the population at age 40, and one in four people by age 80. For reasons that are not fully understood, AMD is more common in lightly-pigmented and female populations. Treatment of AMD is largely an unmet need: There are no FDA approved therapies …

Lifelong Learning: Established Concepts And Evolving Values, Jamsheer J Jehangir Talati Professor

Section of Urology

Objective: To summarise the concepts critical for understanding the content and value of lifelong learning (LL).
Methods: Ideas generated by personal experience were combined with those of philosophers, social scientists, educational institutions, governments and UNESCO, to facilitate an understanding of the importance of the basic concepts of LL.
Results: Autopoietic, continuous, self-determined, informal, vicarious, biographical, lifelong reflexive learning, from and for society, when supported by self-chosen formal courses, can build capacities and portable skills that allow useful responses to challenges and society’s new structures of governance. The need for LL is driven by challenges. LL flows continuously in pursuit of …

Surgical Site Infection Rates In Breast Cancer Surgery At A University Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya, Andrew Nyangau Nyaoncha

Master of Medicine in General Surgery

Back ground: Surgical site infections (SSI)following breast cancer surgery remain a significant cause of morbidity with the use of single dose pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis. As a result the use of peri-operative antibiotics is common and unregulated, with no knowledge of the infection outcomes with their use. Objectives: To establish the SSI outcomes with the use of peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis, evaluate the common risk factors for SSI development and assess for other important outcomes following breast cancer surgery. Methods: A prospective surveillance study for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery using the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. Analysis: Analysis for the …

Intimate Partner Violence And Pregnancy: A Systematic Review Of Interventions, An-Sofie Van Parys, Annelien Verhamme, Marleen Temmerman, Hans Verstraelen

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a widespread global health problem with many negative consequences. Nevertheless, a lot remains unclear about which interventions are effective and might be adopted in the perinatal care context.

Objective: The objective is to provide a clear overview of the existing evidence on effectiveness of interventions for IPV around the time of pregnancy.

Methods: Following databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched and expanded by hand search. The search was limited to English peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials published from 2000 to 2013. This review …

Monitoring Changes In Circulating Tumour Cells As A Prognostic Indicator Of Overall Survival And Treatment Response In Patients With Metastatic Melanoma, Dragana Klinac, Elin S. Gray, James B. Freeman, Anna Reid, Samantha Bowyer, Michael Millward, Mel Ziman

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: New effective treatments for metastatic melanoma greatly improve survival in a proportion of patients. However biomarkers to identify patients that are more likely to benefit from a particular treatment are needed. We previously reported on a multimarker approach for the detection of heterogenous melanoma circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Here we evaluated the prognostic value of this multimarker quantification of CTCs and investigated whether changes in CTC levels during therapy can be used as a biomarker of treatment response and survival outcomes.Methods: CTCs were captured by targeting the melanoma associated markers MCSP and MCAM as well as the melanoma stem …

Discovery Of Pharmacological Compounds That Stimulate Renal Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Restore Kidney Function, Sean Robert Jesinkey

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Dysfunctional mitochondria are a primary pathological consequence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Mitochondrial homeostasis is disrupted up to 144 h after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced-AKI in the renal cortical tissue of mice. Stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in renal cells after oxidant injury restores mitochondrial function. The primary goals of this project were to identify novel pharmacological compounds capable of inducing mitochondrial biogenesis in the renal proximal tubule and evaluate if this induction would promote the recovery of mitochondrial and/or renal function after in vivo AKI. The secondary goal was to employ our mitochondrial approach for drug discovery towards identifying a novel …