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Obtaining Research Biopsies During Pediatric Colonoscopy: Safety And Adverse Events, J. Mait-Kaufman, S. Kahn, G. Tomer Jan 2015

Obtaining Research Biopsies During Pediatric Colonoscopy: Safety And Adverse Events, J. Mait-Kaufman, S. Kahn, G. Tomer

Journal Articles

AIM: To investigate the safety profile of acquiring additional intestinal biopsies for research purposes in children undergoing a medically indicated colonoscopy. METHODS: A retrospective review of 122 pediatric patients who underwent colonoscopy over a 9 mo time period was completed. 38/122 participants consented to a research study in which 4 additional biopsies were obtained, in addition to routine biopsies. The outcomes after colonoscopy were measured in the research participants, and compared to 84 control participants who did not consent for the study. Groups were compared with regard to number of biopsies obtained, underlying diagnosis, and both serious and minor adverse …

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Effects Of Levodopa On Regional Cerebral Metabolism And Blood Flow, J. H. Ko, R. P. Lerner, D. Eidelberg Jan 2015

Effects Of Levodopa On Regional Cerebral Metabolism And Blood Flow, J. H. Ko, R. P. Lerner, D. Eidelberg

Journal Articles

Levodopa (l-dopa) has been at the forefront of antiparkinsonian therapy for a half century. Recent advances in functional brain imaging have contributed substantially to the understanding of the effects of l-dopa and other dopaminergic treatment on the activity of abnormal motor and cognitive brain circuits in Parkinson's disease patients. Progress has also been made in understanding the functional pathology of dyskinesias, a common side effect of l-dopa treatment, at both regional and network levels. Here, we review these studies, focusing mainly on the new mechanistic insights provided by metabolic brain imaging and network analysis. (c) 2014 International Parkinson and Movement …

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Reproducibility Of A Parkinsonism-Related Metabolic Brain Network In Non-Human Primates: A Descriptive Pilot Study With Fdg Pet, Y. L. Ma, T. H. Johnston, S. C. Peng, C. T. Zuo, J. B. Koprich, S. H. Fox, Y. H. Guan, D. Eidelberg, J. M. Brotchie Jan 2015

Reproducibility Of A Parkinsonism-Related Metabolic Brain Network In Non-Human Primates: A Descriptive Pilot Study With Fdg Pet, Y. L. Ma, T. H. Johnston, S. C. Peng, C. T. Zuo, J. B. Koprich, S. H. Fox, Y. H. Guan, D. Eidelberg, J. M. Brotchie

Journal Articles

Background: We have previously defined a parkinsonism-related metabolic brain network in rhesus macaques using a high-resolution research positron emission tomography camera. This brief article reports a descriptive pilot study to assess the reproducibility of network activity and regional glucose metabolism in independent parkinsonian macaques using a clinical positron emission tomography/CT camera. Methods: [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose PET scans were acquired longitudinally over 3 months in three drug-naive parkinsonian and three healthy control cynomolgus macaques. Group difference and test-retest stability in network activity and regional glucose metabolism were evaluated graphically, using all brain images from these macaques. Results: Comparing the parkinsonian macaques with the …

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Abnormal Metabolic Pattern Associated With Cognitive Impairment In Parkinson's Disease: A Validation Study, S. K. Meles, C. C. Tang, L. K. Teune, R. A. Dierckx, V. Dhawan, P. J. Mattis, K. L. Leenders, D. Eidelberg Jan 2015

Abnormal Metabolic Pattern Associated With Cognitive Impairment In Parkinson's Disease: A Validation Study, S. K. Meles, C. C. Tang, L. K. Teune, R. A. Dierckx, V. Dhawan, P. J. Mattis, K. L. Leenders, D. Eidelberg

Journal Articles

Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been associated with a specific metabolic covariance pattern. Although the expression of this PD cognition-related pattern (PDCP) correlates with neuropsychological performance, it is not known whether the PDCP topography is reproducible across PD populations. We therefore sought to identify a PDCP topography in a new sample comprised of 19 Dutch PD subjects. Network analysis of metabolic scans from these individuals revealed a significant PDCP that resembled the original network topography. Expression values for the new PDCP correlated (P = 0.001) with executive dysfunction on the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Subject scores for the …

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The Visual Perception Of Natural Motion: Abnormal Task-Related Neural Activity In Dyt1 Dystonia, W. Sako, K. Fujita, A. Vo, J. C. Rucker, J. R. Rizzo, M. Niethammer, M. Carbon, S. B. Bressman, A. M. Ulug, D. Eidelberg Jan 2015

The Visual Perception Of Natural Motion: Abnormal Task-Related Neural Activity In Dyt1 Dystonia, W. Sako, K. Fujita, A. Vo, J. C. Rucker, J. R. Rizzo, M. Niethammer, M. Carbon, S. B. Bressman, A. M. Ulug, D. Eidelberg

Journal Articles

Although primary dystonia is defined by its characteristic motor manifestations, non-motor signs and symptoms have increasingly been recognized in this disorder. Recent neuroimaging studies have related the motor features of primary dystonia to connectivity changes in cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways. It is not known, however, whether the non-motor manifestations of the disorder are associated with similar circuit abnormalities. To explore this possibility, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study primary dystonia and healthy volunteer subjects while they performed a motion perception task in which elliptical target trajectories were visually tracked on a computer screen. Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of …

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Antigen-Based Immunotherapy For Autoimmune Disease: Current Status, D. L. Hirsch, P. Ponda Jan 2015

Antigen-Based Immunotherapy For Autoimmune Disease: Current Status, D. L. Hirsch, P. Ponda

Journal Articles

Autoimmune diseases are common chronic disorders that not only have a major impact on the quality of life but are also potentially life-threatening. Treatment modalities that are currently favored have conferred signifcant clinical benefts, but they may have considerable side effects. An optimal treatment strategy for autoimmune disease would specifcally target disease-associated antigens and limit systemic side effects. Similar to allergen-specifc immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis, antigen-specifc immunotherapy for autoimmune disease aims to induce immune deviation and promote tolerance to specifc antigens. In this review, we present the current status of studies and clinical trials in both human and animal hosts …

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Assessing The Associations Of Sodium Intake With Long-Term All-Cause And Cardiovascular Mortality In A Hypertensive Cohort, P. Singer, H. Cohen, M. Alderman Jan 2015

Assessing The Associations Of Sodium Intake With Long-Term All-Cause And Cardiovascular Mortality In A Hypertensive Cohort, P. Singer, H. Cohen, M. Alderman

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Although higher sodium intake is known to increase blood pressure, its association with cardiovascular mortality is less established. We examined the association of baseline sodium intake in a hypertensive cohort with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality over a mean follow-up of 18.6 years. METHODS: Three thousand five hundred five subjects were participants in a worksite hypertension program. Sodium intake was estimated by 24-hour urine excretion. Mortality data were obtained from the U.S. National Death Index. Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted associations between sodium quartiles (quartile I (QI) to quartile IV (QIV)) and mortality were assessed using Cox models. RESULTS: Estimated mean +/- …

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Calhm1 Ion Channel Elicits Amyloid-Beta Clearance By Insulin-Degrading Enzyme In Cell Lines And In Vivo In The Mouse Brain, V. Vingtdeux, P. Chandakkar, H. Zhao, L. Blanc, S. Ruiz, P. Marambaud Jan 2015

Calhm1 Ion Channel Elicits Amyloid-Beta Clearance By Insulin-Degrading Enzyme In Cell Lines And In Vivo In The Mouse Brain, V. Vingtdeux, P. Chandakkar, H. Zhao, L. Blanc, S. Ruiz, P. Marambaud

Journal Articles

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide accumulation in the brain. CALHM1, a cell-surface Ca(2+) channel expressed in brain neurons, has anti-amyloidogenic properties in cell cultures. Here, we show that CALHM1 controls Abeta levels in vivo in the mouse brain through a previously unrecognized mechanism of regulation of Abeta clearance. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches in cell lines, we found that CALHM1 ion permeability and extracellular Ca(2+) were required for the Abeta-lowering effect of CALHM1. Abeta level reduction by CALHM1 could be explained by an increase in extracellular Abeta degradation by insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), extracellular secretion of which was …

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At(1)R Blockade In Adverse Milieus: Role Of Smrt And Corepressor Complexes, T. Singh, K. Ayasolla, P. Rai, N. Chandel, S. Haque, R. Lederman, M. Husain, V. Vethantham, A. Chawla, H. Vashistha, M. A. Saleem, G. Ding, P. N. Chander, A. Malhotra, L. G. Meggs, P. C. Singhal Jan 2015

At(1)R Blockade In Adverse Milieus: Role Of Smrt And Corepressor Complexes, T. Singh, K. Ayasolla, P. Rai, N. Chandel, S. Haque, R. Lederman, M. Husain, V. Vethantham, A. Chawla, H. Vashistha, M. A. Saleem, G. Ding, P. N. Chander, A. Malhotra, L. G. Meggs, P. C. Singhal

Journal Articles

ANG II type 1 receptor blockade (AT(1)R-BLK) is used extensively to slow down the progression of proteinuric kidney diseases. We hypothesized that AT(1)R-BLK provides podocyte protection through regulation of silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression under adverse milieus such as high glucose and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Both AT(1)R-BLK and VDR agonists (VDAs) stimulated VDR complex formation that differed not only in their composition but also in their functionality. AT(1)R-BLK-induced VDR complexes contained predominantly unliganded VDR, SMRT, and phosphorylated histone deacetylase 3, whereas VDA-VDR complexes were constituted by liganded VDR …

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Augmenting Nf-Kappab In Poor-Risk Cll: A General Paradigm For Other Cancers?, D. Tuveson, K. R. Rai Jan 2015

Augmenting Nf-Kappab In Poor-Risk Cll: A General Paradigm For Other Cancers?, D. Tuveson, K. R. Rai

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Clinical Markers Of Crohn's Disease Severity And Their Association With Opiate Use, M. Cheung, S. Khan, M. Akerman, C. K. Hung, K. Vennard, N. Hristis, K. Sultan Jan 2015

Clinical Markers Of Crohn's Disease Severity And Their Association With Opiate Use, M. Cheung, S. Khan, M. Akerman, C. K. Hung, K. Vennard, N. Hristis, K. Sultan

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: The safety of opiate use for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) has long been a concern. The recent Crohn's therapy, resource, evaluation, and assessment tool (TREAT) registry update has added to these concerns by demonstrating an association of opiate use with an increased risk of infection and death in CD. While the association is clear, the relationship of opiates to these negative outcomes is not. It is unknown whether opiates are a contributing factor to these negative outcomes or if their use is merely a marker of more severe disease. We hypothesized that opiate use is not harmful in …

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Xanomeline Suppresses Excessive Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses Through Neural Signal-Mediated Pathways And Improves Survival In Lethal Inflammation, M. Rosas-Ballina, S. I. Valdes-Ferrer, M. E. Dancho, M. Ochani, D. Katz, K. F. Cheng, P. S. Olofsson, S. S. Chavan, Y. Al-Abed, K. J. Tracey, V. A. Pavlov Jan 2015

Xanomeline Suppresses Excessive Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses Through Neural Signal-Mediated Pathways And Improves Survival In Lethal Inflammation, M. Rosas-Ballina, S. I. Valdes-Ferrer, M. E. Dancho, M. Ochani, D. Katz, K. F. Cheng, P. S. Olofsson, S. S. Chavan, Y. Al-Abed, K. J. Tracey, V. A. Pavlov

Journal Articles

Inflammatory conditions characterized by excessive immune cell activation and cytokine release, are associated with bidirectional immune system-brain communication, underlying sickness behavior and other physiological responses. The vagus nerve has an important role in this communication by conveying sensory information to the brain, and brain-derived immunoregulatory signals that suppress peripheral cytokine levels and inflammation. Brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-mediated cholinergic signaling has been implicated in this regulation. However, the possibility of controlling inflammation by peripheral administration of centrally-acting mAChR agonists is unexplored. To provide insight we used the centrally-acting M1 mAChR agonist xanomeline, previously developed in the context of Alzheimer's disease …

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Developments In Intervertebral Disc Disease Research: Pathophysiology, Mechanobiology, And Therapeutics, K. T. Weber, T. D. Jacobsen, R. Maidhof, J. Virojanapa, C. Overby, O. Bloom, S. Quraishi, M. Levine, N. O. Chahine Jan 2015

Developments In Intervertebral Disc Disease Research: Pathophysiology, Mechanobiology, And Therapeutics, K. T. Weber, T. D. Jacobsen, R. Maidhof, J. Virojanapa, C. Overby, O. Bloom, S. Quraishi, M. Levine, N. O. Chahine

Journal Articles

Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and the second most common cause of physician visits. There are many causes of back pain, and among them, disc herniation and intervertebral disc degeneration are the most common diagnoses and targets for intervention. Currently, clinical treatment outcomes are not strongly correlated with diagnoses, emphasizing the importance for characterizing more completely the mechanisms of degeneration and their relationships with symptoms. This review covers recent studies elucidating cellular and molecular changes associated with disc mechanobiology, as it relates to degeneration and regeneration. Specifically, we review findings on the biochemical changes in …

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Dynamic Reciprocity Between Cells And Their Microenvironment In Reproduction, J. T. Thorne, T. R. Segal, S. Chang, S. Jorge, J. H. Segars, P. C. Leppert Jan 2015

Dynamic Reciprocity Between Cells And Their Microenvironment In Reproduction, J. T. Thorne, T. R. Segal, S. Chang, S. Jorge, J. H. Segars, P. C. Leppert

Journal Articles

Dynamic reciprocity (DR) refers to the ongoing, bidirectional interaction between cells and their microenvironment, specifically the extracellular matrix (ECM). The continuous remodeling of the ECM exerts mechanical force on cells and modifies biochemical mediators near the cell membrane, thereby initiating cell-signaling cascades that produce changes in gene expression and cell behavior. Cellular changes, in turn, affect the composition and organization of ECM components. These continuous interactions are the fundamental principle behind DR, and its critical role throughout development and adult tissue homeostasis has been extensively investigated. While DR in the mammary gland has been well described, we provide direct evidence …

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Selective Impairment Of Spatial Cognition Caused By Autoantibodies To The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor, E. H. Chang, B. T. Volpe, M. Mackay, C. Aranow, C. Kowal, P. Mattis, R. Berlin, S. Mader, T. S. Huerta, P. T. Huerta, B. Diamond, +3 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Selective Impairment Of Spatial Cognition Caused By Autoantibodies To The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor, E. H. Chang, B. T. Volpe, M. Mackay, C. Aranow, C. Kowal, P. Mattis, R. Berlin, S. Mader, T. S. Huerta, P. T. Huerta, B. Diamond, +3 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience cognitive abnormalities in multiple domains including processing speed, executive function, and memory. Here we show that SLE patients carrying antibodies that bind DNA and the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), termed DNRAbs, displayed a selective impairment in spatial recall. Neural recordings in a mouse model of SLE, in which circulating DNRAbs penetrate the hippocampus, revealed that CA1 place cells exhibited a significant expansion in place field size. Structural analysis showed that hippocampal pyramidal cells had substantial reductions in their dendritic processes and spines. Strikingly, these abnormalities became evident at …

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Lifetime Prevalence, Age Of Risk, And Genetic Relationships Of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders In Tourette Syndrome, M. E. Hirschtritt, P. C. Lee, D. L. Pauls, Y. Dion, M. A. Grados, R. A. King, P. Sandor, W. M. Mcmahon, G. J. Lyon, C. A. Mathews, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Lifetime Prevalence, Age Of Risk, And Genetic Relationships Of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders In Tourette Syndrome, M. E. Hirschtritt, P. C. Lee, D. L. Pauls, Y. Dion, M. A. Grados, R. A. King, P. Sandor, W. M. Mcmahon, G. J. Lyon, C. A. Mathews, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

IMPORTANCE: Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by high rates of psychiatric comorbidity; however, few studies have fully characterized these comorbidities. Furthermore, most studies have included relatively few participants (

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Prenatal Exposure To Maternal Smoking And Symptom Severity Among Offspring With First-Episode Nonaffective Psychosis, F. Bernardini, C. R. Wan, A. Crisafio, S. H. Massey, M. T. Compton Jan 2015

Prenatal Exposure To Maternal Smoking And Symptom Severity Among Offspring With First-Episode Nonaffective Psychosis, F. Bernardini, C. R. Wan, A. Crisafio, S. H. Massey, M. T. Compton

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Evaluating The Relationship Between Cannabis Use And Iq In Youth And Young Adults At Clinical High Risk Of Psychosis, L. Buchy, L. J. Seidman, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, E. F. Walker, S. W. Woods, C. E. Bearden, D. H. Mathalon, J. Addington, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Evaluating The Relationship Between Cannabis Use And Iq In Youth And Young Adults At Clinical High Risk Of Psychosis, L. Buchy, L. J. Seidman, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, E. F. Walker, S. W. Woods, C. E. Bearden, D. H. Mathalon, J. Addington, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Among people with psychosis, those with a history of cannabis use show better cognitive performance than those who are cannabis naive. It is unknown whether this pattern is present in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis. We evaluated relationships between IQ and cannabis use while controlling for use of other substances known to impact cognition in 678 CHR and 263 healthy control (HC) participants. IQ was estimated using the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Drug and alcohol use severity and frequency were assessed with the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale, and …

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Contributions Of Early Cortical Processing And Reading Ability To Functional Status In Individuals At Clinical High Risk For Psychosis, R. Carrion, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Mclaughlin, J. Chang, A. M. Auther, R. H. Olsen, D. C. Javitt Jan 2015

Contributions Of Early Cortical Processing And Reading Ability To Functional Status In Individuals At Clinical High Risk For Psychosis, R. Carrion, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Mclaughlin, J. Chang, A. M. Auther, R. H. Olsen, D. C. Javitt

Journal Articles

Background: There is a growing recognition that individuals at clinical high risk need intervention for functional impairments, along with emerging psychosis, as the majority of clinical high risk (CHR) individuals show persistent deficits in social and role functioning regardless of transition to psychosis. Recent studies have demonstrated reduced reading ability as a potential cause of functional disability in schizophrenia, related to underlying deficits in generation of mismatch negativity (MMN). The present study extends these findings to subjects at CHR. Methods: The sample consisted of 34 CHR individuals and 33 healthy comparison subjects (CNTLs) from the Recognition and Prevention (RAP) Program …

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The Impact Of Psychosis On The Course Of Cognition: A Prospective, Nested Case-Control Study In Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis, R. Carrion, D. Mclaughlin, A. M. Auther, R. Olsen, Christoph Correll, B. A. Cornblatt Jan 2015

The Impact Of Psychosis On The Course Of Cognition: A Prospective, Nested Case-Control Study In Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis, R. Carrion, D. Mclaughlin, A. M. Auther, R. Olsen, Christoph Correll, B. A. Cornblatt

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Although cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia are rooted early in development, the impact of psychosis on the course of cognitive functioning remains unclear. In this study a nested case-control design was used to examine the relationship between emerging psychosis and the course of cognition in individuals ascertained as clinical high-risk (CHR) who developed psychosis during the study (CHR + T). METHOD: Fifteen CHR + T subjects were administered a neurocognitive battery at baseline and post-psychosis onset (8.04 months, s.d. = 10.26). CHR + T subjects were matched on a case-by-case basis on age, gender, and time to retest …

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Postnatal Neurodevelopmental Expression And Glutamate-Dependent Regulation Of The Znf804a Rodent Homologue, E. H. Chang, A. Kirtley, T. S. Chandon, P. Borger, S. Husain-Krautter, V. Vingtdeux, A. Malhotra Jan 2015

Postnatal Neurodevelopmental Expression And Glutamate-Dependent Regulation Of The Znf804a Rodent Homologue, E. H. Chang, A. Kirtley, T. S. Chandon, P. Borger, S. Husain-Krautter, V. Vingtdeux, A. Malhotra

Journal Articles

The zinc finger protein ZNF804A rs1344706 variant is a replicated genome-wide significant risk variant for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While its association with altered brain structure and cognition in patients and healthy risk allele carriers is well documented, the characteristics and function of the gene in the brain remains poorly understood. Here, we used in situ hybridization to determine mRNA expression levels of the ZNF804A rodent homologue, Zfp804a, across multiple postnatal neurodevelopmental time points in the rat brain. We found changes in Zfp804a expression in the rat hippocampus, frontal cortex, and thalamus across postnatal neurodevelopment. Zfp804a mRNA peaked at postnatal …

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Responses To Tobacco Smoking-Related Health Messages In Young People With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia, D. J. Coletti, M. Brunette, M. John, J. M. Kane, A. Malhotra, D. G. Robinson Jan 2015

Responses To Tobacco Smoking-Related Health Messages In Young People With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia, D. J. Coletti, M. Brunette, M. John, J. M. Kane, A. Malhotra, D. G. Robinson

Journal Articles

Virtually no research has examined the responses of youth with recent-onset psychosis (ROP) to smoking-related health warnings. We examined predictors of response and tested hypotheses that participants with ROP would (a) assess warnings as less effective than a healthy comparison (HC) group, and (b) assess video warnings as more effective than pictures. ROP participants (n = 69) hadtreatment; the HC group (n = 79) had no major mental illness. Participants viewed 10 pictorial warnings, 8 videos depicting similar messages, and were interviewed regarding tobacco use, health literacy, and smoking knowledge. We assessed response at baseline and at 4-week follow-up. ROP …

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Psychosis Prevention: A Modified Clinical High Risk Perspective From The Recognition And Prevention (Rap) Program, B. A. Cornblatt, R. Carrion, A. Auther, D. Mclaughlin, R. H. Olsen, M. John, C. U. Correll Jan 2015

Psychosis Prevention: A Modified Clinical High Risk Perspective From The Recognition And Prevention (Rap) Program, B. A. Cornblatt, R. Carrion, A. Auther, D. Mclaughlin, R. H. Olsen, M. John, C. U. Correll

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Early intervention and prevention of psychosis remain a major challenge. Prediction would be greatly advanced with improved ability to identify individuals at true risk, which, at present, is moderate at best. The authors tested a modified strategy to improve prediction by selecting a more homogeneous high-risk sample (attenuated positive symptom criteria only, age range of mid-teens to early 20s) than is currently standard, combined with a systematic selection of neurodevelopmental deficits. METHOD: A sample of 101 treatment-seeking adolescents (mean age, 15.9 years) at clinical high risk for psychosis were followed clinically for up to 5 years (mean follow-up time, …

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Examining The Psychosis Continuum, P. Derosse, K. H. Karlsgodt Jan 2015

Examining The Psychosis Continuum, P. Derosse, K. H. Karlsgodt

Journal Articles

The notion that psychosis may exist on a continuum with normal experience has been proposed in multiple forms throughout the history of psychiatry. However, in recent years there has been an exponential increase in efforts aimed at elucidating what has been termed the 'psychosis continuum'. The present review seeks to summarize some of the more basic characteristics of this continuum and to present some of the recent findings that provide support for its validity. While there is still considerable work to be done, the emerging data holds considerable promise for advancing our understanding of both risk and resilience to psychiatric …

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White Matter Microstructure In The Executive Network Associated With Aggression In Healthy Adolescents And Young Adults, K. H. Karlsgodt, A. A. Bato, M. A. Blair, P. Derosse, P. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra Jan 2015

White Matter Microstructure In The Executive Network Associated With Aggression In Healthy Adolescents And Young Adults, K. H. Karlsgodt, A. A. Bato, M. A. Blair, P. Derosse, P. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra

Journal Articles

Predicting which individuals may engage in aggressive behavior is of interest in today's society; however, there is little data on the neural basis of aggression in healthy individuals. Here, we tested whether regional differences in white matter (WM) microstructure were associated with later reports of aggressive tendencies. We recontacted healthy young adults an average of 3 years after they underwent research MRI scans. Via electronic survey, we administered the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. We divided aggression into Aggressive Thoughts (Anger and Hostility subscales) and Aggressive Acts (Verbal and Physical subscales) and used Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to test the relationship of …

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The Accumbofrontal Tract: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characterization And Developmental Change From Childhood To Adulthood, K. H. Karlsgodt, M. John, T. Ikuta, P. Rigoard, B. D. Peters, P. Derosse, A. K. Malhotra, P. R. Szeszko Jan 2015

The Accumbofrontal Tract: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characterization And Developmental Change From Childhood To Adulthood, K. H. Karlsgodt, M. John, T. Ikuta, P. Rigoard, B. D. Peters, P. Derosse, A. K. Malhotra, P. R. Szeszko

Journal Articles

The presence of an anatomical connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, forming a so-called reward network, is well established across species. This connection has important implications for reward processing and is relevant to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, white matter (WM) is known to continue to mature across adolescence and into early adulthood, and developmental change in the reward network is an important component of models of decision making and risk taking. Despite the importance of this connection, the underlying WM has only recently been characterized in humans histologically, and not yet in-vivo using brain imaging. Here, …

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Prescription Practices In The Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Data From The National Raise-Etp Study, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, M. John, C. U. Correll, P. Marcy, J. Severe, A. Goldstein, S. Azrin, R. Heinssen, J. M. Kane, +7 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Prescription Practices In The Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Data From The National Raise-Etp Study, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, M. John, C. U. Correll, P. Marcy, J. Severe, A. Goldstein, S. Azrin, R. Heinssen, J. M. Kane, +7 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Objective: Treatment guidelines suggest distinctive medication strategies for first-episode and multiepisode patients with schizophrenia. To assess the extent to which community clinicians adjust their usual treatment regimens for first-episode patients, the authors examined prescription patterns and factors associated with prescription choice in a national cohort of early-phase patients. Method: Prescription data at study entry were obtained from 404 participants in the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Project's Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP), a nationwide multisite effectiveness study for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Treatment with antipsychotics did not exceed 6 months at study entry. Results: The authors identified 159 …

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Independent Evidence For An Association Between General Cognitive Ability And A Genetic Locus For Educational Attainment, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, S. Guha, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, M. John, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, A. K. Malhotra, +41 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Independent Evidence For An Association Between General Cognitive Ability And A Genetic Locus For Educational Attainment, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, S. Guha, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, M. John, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, A. K. Malhotra, +41 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Cognitive deficits and reduced educational achievement are common in psychiatric illness; understanding the genetic basis of cognitive and educational deficits may be informative about the etiology of psychiatric disorders. A recent, large genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported a genome-wide significant locus for years of education, which subsequently demonstrated association to general cognitive ability (g) in overlapping cohorts. The current study was designed to test whether GWAS hits for educational attainment are involved in general cognitive ability in an independent, large-scale collection of cohorts. Using cohorts in the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT; up to 20,495 healthy individuals), we examined the relationship …

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Evidence From Structural And Diffusion Tensor Imaging For Frontotemporal Deficits In Psychometric Schizotypy, P. Derosse, G. C. Nitzburg, T. Ikuta, B. D. Peters, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko Jan 2015

Evidence From Structural And Diffusion Tensor Imaging For Frontotemporal Deficits In Psychometric Schizotypy, P. Derosse, G. C. Nitzburg, T. Ikuta, B. D. Peters, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of nonclinical samples exhibiting schizotypal traits have provided support for the existence of a continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Few studies, however, have examined the neural correlates of psychometric schizotypy using structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS: Healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 68 were recruited from the community and assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and received structural and DTI exams. Participants with high (N = 67) and low (N = 71) psychometric schizotypy were compared on gray and white matter volume, and cortical thickness in frontal and temporal …

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White Matter Development In The Early Stages Of Psychosis, B. D. Peters, K. H. Karlsgodt Jan 2015

White Matter Development In The Early Stages Of Psychosis, B. D. Peters, K. H. Karlsgodt

Journal Articles

Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a disorder of both neurodevelopment and a disorder of connectivity. One important aspect of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis is that schizophrenia is no longer thought to have discrete illness time points, but rather a long trajectory of brain changes, spanning many years, across a series of stages of the disease including the prodrome, first episode, and chronic period. As the disease progresses, there is a complex relationship between age related changes and disease related changes. Therefore, neural changes, and specifically white matter based connectivity changes, in schizophrenia may be best conceptualized based on a lifespan trajectory. …

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