Digital Commons Network^™

Targeting The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore In Traumatic Central Nervous System Injury, Joe E. Springer, Pareshkumar Prajapati, Patrick G. Sullivan

Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Faculty Publications

The mitochondrion serves many functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and other organs beyond the well-recognized role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. This includes calcium-dependent cell signaling, regulation of gene expression, synthesis and release of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, and the release of cytochrome c and other apoptotic cell death factors. Traumatic injury to the CNS results in a rapid and, in some cases, sustained loss of mitochondrial function. One consequence of compromised mitochondrial function is induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) state due to formation of the cyclosporine A sensitive permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this mini-review, …

Wnt/Β-Catenin Mediated Cancer Stem Cell Activation In Hepatocellular Carcinoma., Harshulkumar M. Pandit

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers, with variable presentation, high chemotherapy resistance and early tumor recurrence. In this dissertation, we have systematically enriched, identified and characterized HCC cancer stem cells (CSCs) from 3 different HCC cell lines (Hepa1-6, HepG2, and Hep3B) using in vitro serum-free culture method. Enriched spheroids acquired CSC properties, primarily self-renewal capability, spheroid formation ability, and drug resistance. Heterogeneous CSCs enriched from Hepa1-6 cells demonstrated higher tumor initiation and proliferation capability in vivo, compared to control HCC cells in orthotopic immunocompetent mouse model. EpCAM+ CSCs were significantly enriched within heterogeneous Hepa1-6 CSC spheroids. Consequently, …

Bayesian Analytical Approaches For Metabolomics : A Novel Method For Molecular Structure-Informed Metabolite Interaction Modeling, A Novel Diagnostic Model For Differentiating Myocardial Infarction Type, And Approaches For Compound Identification Given Mass Spectrometry Data., Patrick J. Trainor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Metabolomics, the study of small molecules in biological systems, has enjoyed great success in enabling researchers to examine disease-associated metabolic dysregulation and has been utilized for the discovery biomarkers of disease and phenotypic states. In spite of recent technological advances in the analytical platforms utilized in metabolomics and the proliferation of tools for the analysis of metabolomics data, significant challenges in metabolomics data analyses remain. In this dissertation, we present three of these challenges and Bayesian methodological solutions for each. In the first part we develop a new methodology to serve a basis for making higher order inferences in metabolomics, …

Sex Differences In Poisonings Among Older Adults: An Analysis Of The Toxicology Investigators Consortium (Toxic) Registry, 2010 To 2016., Gillian A. Beauchamp Md, Jennifer L. Carey Md, Tyler Adams Bs, Amy Wier, Manuel F. Colón Bs, Matthew D. Cook Do, Robert D. Cannon Do, Kenneth D. Katz Md, Marna R. Greenberg Do, Mph, Facep

Department of Emergency Medicine

PURPOSE: Adults aged >65 years are susceptible to intentional and unintentional poisoning, with contributing factors that include polypharmacy, comorbidity, susceptibility to medication error, and gaps in research. Although toxicologists are often tasked with managing and preventing poisoning among older adults, little is known about sex differences in these poisonings. The aim of this study was to review sex differences in poisonings among older adults managed at the bedside by medical toxicologists.

METHODS: All case subjects aged >65 years in the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) registry between January 2010 and December 2016 were reviewed. Data included reasons for exposure and consultation, …

Evaluation Of Endothelial Cell Responses To Elevated Glucose, Gabriella Sugerman

Master's Theses

Developing a tissue-engineered Blood Vessel Mimic (BVM) to represent diabetic macrovascular disease could expedite design of new vascular devices specifically tailored to diabetic patients. In contribution toward this model, this thesis assessed Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) responses to high glucose conditions. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Cluster of Differentiation 36 (CD36) were selected to signify oxidative stress activity, a hallmark of diabetic macrovascular disease. Next, activity of potential reference genes B2M, HPRT1, and ACTB was assessed. All genes were found to exceed acceptable variability, so the E-ΔC T method of data analysis was selected. Next, cellular responses to high …

Consensus Treatment Plans For Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis Refractory To Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs And/Or With Active Spinal Lesions., Yongdong Zhao, Eveline Y. Wu, Melissa S. Oliver, Ashley M. Cooper, Matthew L. Basiaga, Sheetal S. Vora, Tzielan C. Lee, Emily Fox, Gil Amarilyo, Sara M. Stern, Jeffrey A. Dvergsten, Kathleen A. Haines, Kelly A. Rouster-Stevens, Karen B. Onel, Julie Cherian, Jonathan S. Hausmann, Paivi Miettunen, Tania Cellucci, Farzana Nuruzzaman, Angela Taneja, Karyl S. Barron, Matthew C. Hollander, Sivia K. Lapidus, Suzanne C. Li, Seza Ozen, Hermann Girschick, Ronald M. Laxer, Fatma Dedeoglu, Christian M. Hedrich, Polly J. Ferguson, Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis/Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis Study Group And The Childhood Arthritis And Rheumatology Research Alliance Scleroderma, Vasculitis, Autoinflammatory And Rare Diseases Subcommittee

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To develop standardized treatment regimens for chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), to enable comparative effectiveness treatment studies.

METHODS: Virtual and face-to-face discussions and meetings were held within the CNO/CRMO subgroup of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA). A literature search was conducted, and CARRA membership was surveyed to evaluate available treatment data and identify current treatment practices. Nominal group technique was used to achieve consensus on treatment plans for CNO refractory to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) monotherapy and/or with active spinal lesions.

RESULTS: Three consensus treatment plans (CTPs) were developed …

Review Of Karyotypic Data From Low Grade Glial Brain Tumors, Specifically Pilocytic Astrocytomas, And Correlation Of Genetic Aberrations With Tumor Recurrence., Linda D. Cooley, Scott C. Smith, Lisa Warren, Melissa Gener, Kevin Ginn, John Herriges

Posters

Abstract: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor of childhood. Approximately 50% of pediatric CNS tumors are low grade gliomas (WHO grade I or II) and Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common accounting for 33% of all gliomas in children 0-14 years and ~18% of all childhood brain tumors. Prognosis with this slow-growing tumor is excellent; 10 year overall survival of ~95%. However, event free survival averages ~50%. Patient age and extent of tumor resection are key prognostic factors; tumor location and size impact resection and outcome. Histopathological features indicate PA is a benign tumor and rarely are …

Development And Commissioning Of An Independent Peer Review System For A Small Animal Irradiator, Mary Peters

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Dosimetry for small animal irradiators lacks the standardization of clinical radiotherapy practice, yet plays a central translational role in human trial design. The purpose of this work was to improve the dosimetric accuracy and consistency of animal studies by developing an independent peer review system to verify dose delivery from animal irradiators. This study focused on the development of a mouse phantom and characterization of the thermoluminescent dosimetry system for a commonly used small animal irradiator.

First, a mouse model and irradiation stand were designed with the purpose of being used in a mailable audit. Two mouse phantoms were machined …

Equipment To Address Infrastructure And Human Resource Challenges For Radiotherapy In Low-Resource Settings, Rachel Mccarroll

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Millions of people in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) are without access to radiation therapy and as rate of population growth in these regions increase and lifestyle factors which are indicative of cancer increase; the cancer burden will only rise. There are a multitude of reasons for lack of access but two themes among them are the lack of access to affordable and reliable teletherapy units and insufficient properly trained staff to deliver high quality care. The purpose of this work was to investigate to two proposed efforts to improve access to radiotherapy in low-resource areas; an upright radiotherapy …

Dietary Recommendations For Adults With Psoriasis Or Psoriatic Arthritis From The Medical Board Of The National Psoriasis Foundation: A Systematic Review, Adam Ford, Michael Siegel, Jerry Bagel, Kelly M. Cordoro, Amit Garg, Alice Gottlieb, April W. Armstrong

NYMC Faculty Publications

Importance: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease and has significant associated morbidity and effect on quality of life. It is important to determine whether dietary interventions help reduce disease severity in patients with psoriatic diseases. Objective: To make evidence-based dietary recommendations for adults with psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis from the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation. Evidence Review: We used literature from prior systematic reviews as well as additional primary literature from the MEDLINE database from January 1, 2014, to August 31, 2017, that evaluated the impact of diet on psoriasis. We included observational and interventional studies of …

Assessment Of Malnutrition In Patients With Liver Cirrhosis Using Protein Calorie Malnutrition (Pcm) Score Verses Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis (Bia), Om Parkash, Wasim Jafri, S. M. Munir, Romaina Iqbal

Section of Gastroenterology

Objective: Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with liver cirrhosis and tools for nutritional assessment are under debate. We conducted this study to assess prevalence of malnutrition in cirrhotic patients using PCM score and BIA. Additionally we compared BIA to PCM score for detecting malnutrition in this patient population.

Results: This was a cross sectional study conducted in two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi Pakistan on adults with liver cirrhosis. Malnutrition was assessed by PCM score using anthropometric measurements and biological specimens and (ii) Body cell mass was assessed using BIA. Malnutrition as estimated by the PCM score was …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Physical And Sexual Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Living With Hiv In Uganda, Cynthia R. Young, Angela Kaida, Jerome Kabakyenga, Winnie R. Muyindike, Nicholas Musinguzi, Jeffrey N. Martin, Peter W. Hunt, David Bangsberg, Jessica E. Haberer, Lynn T. Matthews

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant global health problem. Women who experience IPV have increased HIV incidence, reduced antiretroviral adherence, and a lower likelihood of viral load suppression. There is a lack of evidence regarding how to effectively identify and support women living with HIV (WLWH) experiencing IPV, including uncertainty whether universal or targeted screening is most appropriate for lower-resourced settings. We examined physical and sexual IPV prevalence and correlates among WLWH in Uganda to understand the burden of IPV and factors that could help identify women at risk.

Methods: We utilized data from women receiving …

Genetic Testing In Cardiovascular Medicine, Ali J Marian

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Sex-Related Differences In Outcomes Of Thoracic Organ Transplantation And Mechanical Circulatory Support, Daoud Daoud, Faisal H Cheema, Jeffrey A Morgan, Gabriel Loor

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of The Acute Effects Of Traditional Versus High Velocity Resistance Training On Metabolic, Cardiovascular, And Psychophysiological Responses In Elderly Hypertensive Women, Vânia Silva Macedo Orsano, Wilson Max Almeida Monteiro De Moraes, Nuno Manuel Frade De Sousa, Felipe Carmo De Moura, Ramires Alsamir Tibana, Alessandro De Oliveira Silva, Silvana Schwerz Funghetto, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Jonato Prestes

Publications and Research

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional resistance training (RT) versus high velocity RT (HVRT) on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women.

Methods: Fifteen elderly women (mean age ± standard deviation, 67.1±6.9 years) classified as having hypertension stage 1 or 2 were randomly allocated to complete traditional RT or HVRT; 1 week later, subjects allocated to RT completed the HVRT session and vice-versa. Heart rate, blood pressure, affective response, perceived effort, and blood samples analyzing lactate, nitrate, nitrite, oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8- tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid …

Investigation Of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Delivery Accuracy On An Elekta Linear Accelerator, Addie Barron

LSU Master's Theses

Purpose: This work investigated the delivery accuracy of high-dose lung and spine stereotactic treatments delivered with the Elekta Infinity and Versa HD platforms. The accuracy of these platforms will be used for consideration in implementing a spine stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) program at Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center.

Methods: A geometric phantom was used to perform Winston-Lutz type tests that assessed the relevant degrees of freedom (gantry, collimator, and couch) of the delivery system. A lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and spine SRS treatment plan were generated for use in end-to-end testing. Delivery accuracy was tested using a novel diode …

“Do We Know Jack” About Jak? A Closer Look At Jak/Stat Signaling Pathway, Emira Bousoik, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) family of proteins have been identified as crucial proteins in signal transduction initiated by a wide range of membrane receptors. Among the proteins in this family JAK2 has been associated with important downstream proteins, including signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which in turn regulate the expression of a variety of proteins involved in induction or prevention of apoptosis. Therefore, the JAK/STAT signaling axis plays a major role in the proliferation and survival of different cancer cells, and may even be involved in resistance mechanisms against molecularly targeted drugs. Despite extensive research focused on the …

Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Inhibition Attenuates Human Airway Smooth Muscle Growth And Migration In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease., Mathew S. Eapen, Anudeep Kota, Howard Vindin, Kielan D. Mcalinden, Dia Xenaki, Brian G. Oliver, Deepak A. Deshpande, Sukhwinder Singh Sohal, Pawan Sharma

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is correlated with disease severity and negatively affects lung function in these patients. Thus, there is clear unmet clinical need for finding new therapies which can target airway remodeling and disease progression in COPD. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a ubiquitously expressed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAP3K) activated by various stress stimuli, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is known to regulate cell proliferation. ASM cells from COPD patients are hyperproliferative to mitogens in vitro. …

Epigenetics In Ovarian Cancer: Premise, Properties, And Perspectives., Qilian Yang, Yuqing Yang, Nianxin Zhou, Kexin Tang, Wayne Bond Lau, Bonnie Lau, Wei Wang, Lian Xu, Zhengnan Yang, Shuang Huang, Xin Wang, Tao Yi, Xia Zhao, Yuquan Wei, Hongjing Wang, Linjie Zhao, Shengtao Zhou

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Malignant ovarian tumors bear the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers. Both late tumor diagnosis and tolerance to available chemical therapy increase patient mortality. Therefore, it is both urgent and important to identify biomarkers facilitating early identification and novel agents preventing recurrence. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that epigenetic aberrations (particularly histone modifications) are crucial in tumor initiation and development. Histone acetylation and methylation are respectively regulated by acetyltransferases-deacetylases and methyltransferases-demethylases, both of which are implicated in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the most recent discoveries pertaining to ovarian cancer development arising from the imbalance of histone acetylation …

Designed Environment For Healthy Aging, Attila Lawrence

Architecture Faculty Research

A growing number of aging adults want to remain in multi generational communities rather than relocating to retirement communities, or having to resort to an institutional setting. To productively function in an environment where all generations interact and live well together, however, one’s ability to manage diminishing cognitive and physical conditions precipitated by the aging process is a major factor that bears on everyone’s quality of life. Because the designed environment frequently plays a significant role in the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders that involve biological changes, it is self-evident that design strategies intended to support the management of these symptoms …

Racial Disparity Among Women Diagnosed With Invasive Breast Cancer In A Large Integrated Health System, Maharaj Singh, Santhi D. Konduri, George C. Bobustuc, Amin B. Kassam, Richard A. Rovin

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Reasons for the well-described disparity in outcomes between African American (AA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women with invasive breast cancer are unclear, making it difficult to identify solutions. This study examined the effects of demographics, biomarkers, tumor characteristics, cancer stage, morphology, and treatment variables on overall and cancer-free survival in these patient populations.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data for 6231 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer throughout an integrated health system from January 2006 through March 2015. Included for analysis were 5023 NHW and 413 AA women. All category and continuous variables in the study were described in the …

Pth1r-Casr Cross Talk: New Treatment Options For Breast Cancer Osteolytic Bone Metastases., Yanmei Yang, Bin Wang

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Metastatic breast cancer (BrCa) is currently incurable despite great improvements in treatment of primary BrCa. The incidence of skeletal metastases in advanced BrCa occurs up to 70%. Recent findings have established that the distribution of BrCa metastases to the skeleton is not a random process but due to the favorable microenvironment for tumor invasion and growth. The complex interplay among BrCa cells, stromal/osteoblastic cells, and osteoclasts in the osseous microenvironment creates a bone-tumor vicious cycle (a feed-forward loop) that results in excessive bone destruction and progressive tumor growth. Both the type 1 PTH receptor (PTH1R) and extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) …

Α-Synuclein Concentration Increases Over Time In Plasma Supernatant Of Single Donor Platelets, Catherine M. Stefaniuk, Clifford V. Harding, Robert W. Maitta

Faculty Scholarship

OBJECTIVES: In platelets, α-synuclein is important in calcium-dependent granule release. Notably, cells release α-synuclein in setting of cell damage or death. Therefore, we investigated α-synuclein levels in plasma of single donor platelet (SDP) units during storage. METHODS: Aliquots were obtained from same SDP units for 7 days from day of donation. Additionally, randomly sampled SDP units at same storage time points were also assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: α-Synuclein in SDP plasma increased continuously over time at each assayed time point. Significant increases were measured on day 3 (11.7 ± 9.6 ng/mL, P = 0.025), day 5 (15.3 ± …

Fibroblasts As A Practical Alternative To Mesenchymal Stem Cells., Thomas E Ichim, Pete O'Heeron, Santosh Kesari

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy offers great potential for treatment of disease through the multifunctional and responsive ability of these cells. In numerous contexts, MSC have been shown to reduce inflammation, modulate immune responses, and provide trophic factor support for regeneration. While the most commonly used MSC source, the bone marrow provides relatively little starting material for cellular expansion, and requires invasive extraction means, fibroblasts are easily harvested in large numbers from various biological wastes. Additionally, in vitro expansion of fibroblasts is significantly easier given the robustness of these cells in tissue culture and shorter doubling time compared to typical …

Evaluating Comfort Measures For Commonly Performed Painful Procedures In Pediatric Patients., Sana Dastgheyb, Keith Fishlock, Constantine Daskalakis, Jami Kessel, Paul Rosen

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Introduction: Management of pediatric pain from medical procedures is of great importance for improving both patient care and experience. In this study, we investigated methods of managing acute pain in infants and children by studying the correlation between the number of attempts to complete painful procedures, given different comfort measures.

Methods: The study is a retrospective review of 74,276 procedures performed at two pediatric hospitals in an integrated academic children's health system between 2013 and 2016. We compared three comfort measures most frequently offered: positions of comfort (POC), distraction (DIST), and pharmacological (PHARM). These methods were compared in the setting …

Lenalidomide Consolidation Benefits Patients With Cll Receiving Chemoimmunotherapy: Results For Calgb 10404 (Alliance)., John C Byrd, Amy S Ruppert, Nyla A Heerema, Alese E Halvorson, Eva Hoke, Mitchell R Smith, John E Godwin, Stephen Couban, Todd A Fehniger, Michael J Thirman, Martin S Tallman, Frederick R Appelbaum, Richard M Stone, Sue Robinson, Julie E Chang, Sumithra J Mandrekar, Richard A Larson

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Prior to novel targeted agents for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the best chemoimmunotherapy regimen in patients with non-del(11q) disease was unclear. The role of lenalidomide was also not defined. This phase 2 study randomized 342 untreated patients with non-del(11q) CLL requiring therapy to fludarabine plus rituximab (FR; n = 123), FR plus lenalidomide consolidation (FR+L; n = 109), or FR plus cyclophosphamide (FCR; n = 110) and compared 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of each to the historical control rate with FC (60%). Patients with del(11q) in at least 20% of pretreatment cells continued with FCR (n = 27) or …

Her2 Basolateral Versus Circumferential Ihc Expression Is Dependent On Polarity And Differentiation Of Epithelial Cells In Gastric/Ge Adenocarcinoma, Shahid Pervez, Sidra Arshad, Brooj Abro

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Aim: Antigenic expression in epithelial cells can be heterogeneous which may pose a problem in immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tumor markers, in particular, predictive markers like HER2. Studies have shown that epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains which are separated by tight junctions. The cell membrane in these two domains has a different composition of macromolecules and hence can have variable antigen expression on immunohistochemistry. In our study, we aimed to investigate this phenomenon of basolateral versus circumferential IHC staining of HER2 in gastric/GE adenocarcinoma.
Methods: We selected 45 cases of gastric/GE adenocarcinoma and evaluated equal number of …

Impact Of The Spop Mutant Subtype On The Interpretation Of Clinical Parameters In Prostate Cancer., Deli Liu, Mandeep Takhar, Mohammed Alshalalfa, Nicholas Erho, Jonathan Shoag, Robert B. Jenkins, R. Jeffrey Karnes, Ashley E. Ross, Edward M. Schaeffer, Mark A. Rubin, Bruce Trock, Eric A. Klein, Robert B. Den, Scott A. Tomlins, Daniel E. Spratt, Elai Davicioni, Andrea Sboner, Christopher E. Barbieri

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Purpose: Molecular characterization of prostate cancer, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, has revealed distinct subtypes with underlying genomic alterations. One of these core subtypes, SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein) mutant prostate cancer, has previously only been identifiable via DNA sequencing, which has made the impact on prognosis and routinely used risk stratification parameters unclear.

Methods: We have developed a novel gene expression signature, classifier (Subclass Predictor Based on Transcriptional Data), and decision tree to predict the SPOP mutant subclass from RNA gene expression data and classify common prostate cancer molecular subtypes. We then validated and further interrogated the association of prostate …

Role Of Hox Genes In Stem Cell Differentiation And Cancer., Seema Bhatlekar, Jeremy Z Fields, Bruce M. Boman

Kimmel Cancer Center Papers, Presentations, and Grand Rounds

HOX genes encode an evolutionarily conserved set of transcription factors that control how the phenotype of an organism becomes organized during development based on its genetic makeup. For example, in bilaterian-type animals, HOX genes are organized in gene clusters that encode anatomic segment identity, that is, whether the embryo will form with bilateral symmetry with a head (anterior), tail (posterior), back (dorsal), and belly (ventral). Although HOX genes are known to regulate stem cell (SC) differentiation and HOX genes are dysregulated in cancer, the mechanisms by which dysregulation of HOX genes in SCs causes cancer development is not fully understood. …

Perspectives In Melanoma: Meeting Report From The Melanoma Bridge (30 November-2 December, 2017, Naples, Italy)., Paolo A Ascierto, Igor Puzanov, Sanjiv S Agarwala, Carlo Bifulco, Gerardo Botti, Corrado Caracò, Gennaro Ciliberto, Michael A Davies, Reinhard Dummer, Soldano Ferrone, Thomas F Gajewski, Claus Garbe, Jason J Luke, Francesco M Marincola, Giuseppe Masucci, Janice M Mehnert, Nicola Mozzillo, Giuseppe Palmieri, Michael A Postow, Stephen P Schoenberger, Ena Wang, Magdalena Thurin

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Metastatic melanoma represents a challenging clinical situation and, until relatively recently, there was an absence of effective treatment options. However, in 2011, the advanced melanoma treatment landscape was revolutionised with the approval of the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab and the selective BRAF kinase inhibitor vemurafenib, both of which significantly improved overall survival. Since then, availability of new immunotherapies, especially the anti-programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors, as well as other targeted therapies, have further improved outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma. Seven years on from the first approval of these novel therapies, evidence for the use of various immune-based and …