Digital Commons Network^™

Antimicrobial Resistance In Pediatric Infections: Current Status, Challenges, And Future Directions, Clare Dinh, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance in pediatric infections presents a worsening global public health challenge, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) accounting for more than one million deaths annually and disproportionately affecting children younger than 5 years of age. Neonates and critically ill children face heightened risk owing to immature immunity, frequent healthcare exposures, and limited therapeutic options. This review synthesizes evidence on the epidemiology, mechanisms of resistance, clinical outcomes, and management of AMR across the full pediatric age range. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for literature from 2014 to 2026 using terms covering antibiotic resistance, pediatric populations, and key …

Sputum Lautropia Is Decreased In Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Pulmonary Fibrosis, Timothy M. Wilson, Brendan Allen, J. Kirk Harris, Kristine A. Kuhn, Kevin D. Deane, Stephen M. Humphries, Joyce S. Lee, Joshua J. Solomon, M. Kristen Demoruelle

Division of Rheumatology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether lung microbial composition differs between individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis (RA-PF) compared to those without fibrosis (RA-no-PF).

METHODS: We enrolled 54 RA patients (22 RA-PF, 32 RA-no-PF) from rheumatology and pulmonary clinics. PF was defined by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings. Induced sputum was analyzed using 16 S rRNA sequencing to identify the relative abundance of sputum bacteria. Taxonomic differences between groups were evaluated using three independent analytic approaches: Mann-Whitney U, DESeq2, and EdgeR, with false discovery rate correction. Logistic regression examined associations between Lautropia abundance and clinical variables.

RESULTS: Individuals with RA-PF were …

Treatment Times For Rural And Urban Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage In A Provincial Hub-And-Spoke Network, Alexander D. Rebchuk, Hugh Mchugh, Michael A. Rizzuto, David Chen, Kelsey Cruz, Erik N. Vu, Peter A. Gooderham

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), aneurysm rebleeding leads to very poor clinical outcomes. Ruptured aneurysms must be urgently secured either by open microsurgery or endovascular techniques to prevent re-rupture. The objective of this study was to compare time-to-treatment and functional outcomes following aSAH between rural and urban patients treated at a quaternary neurosurgical centre with a large geographical catchment.

METHODS: We analyzed patients enrolled in the Vancouver Ruptured Aneurysm Database (VRAD) between December 2022 and September 2025. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, treatment and functional outcomes were compared between groups. Time from ictus-to-presentation, ictus-to-neurosurgical centre, ictus-to-treatment and transfer times were collected. …

Placenta Accreta Spectrum Risk In Endometriosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Art Subanalysis, Madeline West, Amir Alsaidi, Michael A Belfort, Hendrik A Lombaard, Yamely H Mendez, Christina C Reed, Amir A Shamshirsaz, Jessian L Munoz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

The Power Of Proximity: Driving Hand Hygiene Compliance Through Sanitizer Placement, Jennifer E. Jones, Eric Van Middendorp, Leanne Wendt

Posters

Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of infection prevention in healthcare settings and is particularly critical in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) where patients are highly vulnerable due to immature immune systems and frequent exposure to invasive procedures. Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Evidence consistently identifies proper hand hygiene as the single most effective intervention to reduce HAIs in NICUs. Despite its simplicity, compliance among healthcare workers is often suboptimal, influenced by factors such as workload and accessibility of hand hygiene resources.

Quality In Action: A Systematic Approach To Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection Prevention, Jennifer E. Jones, Maggie Simons, Sherri Hoard, Gabriel Laney, Adam Nicholson, Victoria Springvloed, Tracy James, Erica Tuffs

Posters

Central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a major source of morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs in hospitalized patients. Reducing CLABSI rates requires more than isolated interventions; it demands a coordinated, multi-disciplinary strategy that addresses clinical practice, workflow and organizational culture.

Operation No Noro: A Multidisciplinary Approach To Containing A Norovirus Outbreak In An Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit, Donika Marko, Roula Hilli, Priscila Bercea, Pamela S. Bozigar, Levi Launder, Stephanie Robertson, Trini A. Mathew

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Norovirus is a highly contagious viral gastroenteritis and can rapidly spread in healthcare settings, particularly in congregate environments such as inpatient rehabilitation units. In March 2025, a cluster of acute gastrointestinal illness was identified on a 34-bed inpatient rehabilitation unit within a 150-bed acute care hospital. Eight patients developed: • Nausea • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Abdominal pain Due to shared spaces, communal therapy activities, and high patient interaction, rapid intervention was initiated to prevent further spread.

Hp1bp3 Loss Links Chromatin Reorganization To Metabolic Vulnerability In Glioma, Brittney Lozzi, Taylor A Gatesman, Pushan Dasgupta, Debosmita Sardar, Yeunjung Ko, Chenyu Mao, Hsiao-Chi Chen, Rachel N Curry, Dongjoo Choi, Carrie A Mohila, Melissa L Bondy, Ganesh Rao, Marco Gallo, Sameer Agnihotri, Benjamin Deneen

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis, driven in part by metabolic and epigenetic adaptations. Methionine metabolism supports HGG growth by supplying S-adenosylmethionine for methylation reactions, yet how nutrient availability influences chromatin organization in HGG remains incompletely understood. Using an immunocompetent mouse model of HGG, we found that dietary methionine restriction reduced tumor proliferation, extended survival, and induced partial nuclear inversion. We identified Hp1bp3 as a key regulator of tumor growth that functions by interacting with nuclear tethering proteins to mediate chromatin reorganization. Loss of Hp1bp3 results in the upregulation of histone demethylases leading to selective depletion …

The Effect Of Weight Training With Blood Flow Restriction On Muscle Strength Development In Mma, Tomáš Kozák, Marek Kokinda, Pavel Ružbarský

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: This study aimed to elucidate the effect of weight training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on explosive power and isokinetic strength in combat athletes. Materials and methods: The sample included 12 male MMA fighters divided into a control (19.50±0.50 years) and an experimental (18.00±1.00 years) group. Participants trained twice weekly for 8 weeks, with BFR in the experimental group. Explosive power was assessed using following tests by Optogait: countermovement push-up, kneeling countermovement push-up and kneeling squat push-up for upper limbs and countermovement jump, countermovement jump with free arms and squat jump for lower limbs. Isokinetic strength was measured by …

Exploring Moral Distress In Pediatric Residents: Impact Of Structured Debriefing And Insights From Qualitative Interviews, Aashish Shah, Sarah Fleishaker, Danielle Key, Linda Tewksbury, Ami Shah, Kelley Groves

Journal of Wellness

No abstract provided.

Proactive Strategies For Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (Cauti) Reduction: Leveraging Audit Tools And Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Mica Blauw

Posters

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a known cause of harm to patients. Policies enforcing infection prevention measures may help minimize the risk of harm to patients, but written policies do not always translate to bedside practice. We implemented a proactive daily audit to increase awareness of, and compliance with, CAUTI prevention tactics.

Code Wet: Navigating Water Leak Mitigation And Remediation Behind The Red Line, Mica Blauw

Posters

Water leaks in the hospital setting are concerning because of the possibility of mold growthon porous materials such asdrywallthatmaylead toinfections. Water leaksbehind the line of demarcation in the surgical services suiterequire extra care during the remediation processdue to the high-risk nature of surgical patients. We navigated water leakmitigation and remediation in a surgical suite while keeping surgical operations funning safely.

Beyond Coiling: A Comparative Analysis Of Survey-Reported Preferences For Endovascular Cerebral Aneurysm Occlusion, Sanjana R Salwi, Thilan Tudor, Oleg Shekhtman, Georgios S. Sioutas, Pious D. Patel, Irina-Mihaela Matache, Mohamed Salem, Sonia Ajmera, Sandeep Kandregula, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Visish M. Srinivasan

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Aneurysm treatment options are rapidly evolving, as evidenced by the recent introduction and widespread adoption of flow diversion and intrasaccular devices. However, there is a need to understand how these newer technologies are used for difficult-to-treat aneurysms. The main aims of this study were to investigate the variation in aneurysm treatment recommendations among neurosurgeons, interventional radiologists, and interventional neurologists and to generally describe trends in endovascular treatment.

METHODS: In this survey-based study conducted from June to September 2024, participants were presented with clinical vignettes and asked to choose preferred treatment options, with responses analyzed based on demographic variables including …

(Re)Claiming Homeplace: Dance As Embodied Resistance & Healing For Health & Spatial Justice, Preeya G. Kannan

University Honors Theses

This thesis argues that dance functions as both an upstream public health intervention and a form of radical spatial resistance; creating healing, agency, and belonging among historically marginalized communities. Drawing on bell hooks' concept of homeplace, Jasbir Puar's assemblage theory, Nancy Krieger's eco-social theory, and Katherine McKittrick's Black geographies, I position the body as both an ecological and political landscape shaped by histories of colonialism, racial capitalism, displacement, and resilience.

Through this community-based participatory research study, Homeplace, I explore dance as a form of social prescription that centers liberation rather than pathology. Movement is often reduced in public health discourse …

Ultrasound-Enabled Refreshable Electrochemical Sensors For Cardiac Biomarker Monitoring, Mayank Garg, Heng Guo, Myeong Namkoong, Elizabeth Zhanov, Connor Malone, Md Saifur Rahman, Ayse Akcan-Arikan, Limei Tian

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the gold-standard biomarker for acute myocardial infarction, yet current laboratory-based high-sensitivity assays require centralized infrastructure, trained personnel, and serial testing, limiting their suitability for real-time or continuous monitoring in resource-limited settings. Point-of-care electrochemical sensors have shown promise for rapid cTnI detection, but their reliance on antibodies as biorecognition elements and redox mediator solutions, and single-use operation restricts practical translation. Here, we report an ultrasound-enabled refreshable electrochemical biosensor for sensitive, stable, and repeatable cTnI monitoring. The device employs a cTnI-specific peptide as the biorecognition element, providing enhanced stability during storage, transport, and operation. Label-free electrochemical impedance …

Esophageal Innominate Artery Fistula After Delayed Recognition Of Esophageal Foreign Body., Arianne J Abreu, Rahul Sinha, Robert T Sataloff

Otolaryngology (ENT) Resident Research

Esophageal innominate artery fistula (EIF) is a rare cause of life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage. This condition occurs most often secondary to an aneurysm, tumor, or esophageal foreign body. After stabilization of airway and circulation, the management options vary from open to endoscopic and endovascular repair. The initial presentation, diagnosis and management of EIF in the literature focuses on adults primarily. In this case report, the clinical presentation of EIF in a pediatric patient, secondary to delayed recognition of a foreign body, highlights management considerations in this population.

Healthcare Experiences And Needs Of Patients With Pregnancy Of Unknown Location: A Qualitative Study, Kavita Vinekar, Zahava Shimshi, Amanda Doty, Samantha Kolowrat, Rebecca Mercier, Agatha Berger, Kristin L. Rising

Jefferson Center for Connected Care Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Patients presenting with bleeding or pelvic pain in early pregnancy are commonly found to have pregnancies of unknown location (PUL), with no sonographic findings of intrauterine nor ectopic pregnancy. We aimed to explore healthcare experiences and needs of patients presenting with PUL.

METHODS: This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to explore healthcare experiences among patients with PUL. Patients were eligible if they presented with bleeding or abdominopelvic pain to the OB/GYN office or emergency department and were found to have a PUL followed in an electronic health record tracking list; had an initial human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) …

Survival Outcomes And Tumor Site Distribution By Molecular Subtype In Breast Cancer Patients Under 40, Muhammad Noorani, Shubhank Goyal, Sierra Viduarri, Aura Calderon, Christine Pham, Shweta Singh, Mutaaz Ahmed, Anupam Dhasmana, Swati Dhasmana, Murali Yallapu, Shubash Chauhan, Diane Nguyen, Sidketa Fofana, Sheema Khan

Research Symposium

Background: Screening guidelines for breast cancer typically begin at age 40, leaving younger women at risk for delayed detection. The survival outcomes and tumor site patterns by subtype in this younger population remain underexplored. Our analysis leverages comprehensive national data to fill this critical knowledge gap, offering one of the most detailed evaluations to date of molecular subtype distribution, prognostic disparities, and anatomical presentation in women under 40.

Methods: Using the SEER 18 registry, we identified 5,026 female patients diagnosed under age 40 with invasive breast cancer in 2018. This year was selected for the most recent data available on …

Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention Bundle In Adult Cardiac Care Units, Marwa Abdo

Nursing

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most common ICU infections for ventilated patients, associated with increased mortality (20-50%), morbidity, and health care costs. Nurses' knowledge of VAP prevention bundles is vital to reducing its incidence in critical care areas. Aim: To assess Nurses’ knowledge regarding the ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundle in Adult Cardiac Care Units. Study design: A cross-sectional study design was used. Setting: This study was conducted in both the adult cardiac intensive care unit and the cardiac care unit at Aswan Heart Centre–Magdy Yacoub Foundation, Egypt. Subject: A convenience sample of 67 nurses was selected. Data collection tool: …

Granular Phenotyping Of Neuromuscular And Cortical Adaptation In Elite Judo Athletes: A Three-Group Experimental Analysis Using Eeg And Emg Markers, Magdalena Prończuk, Dariusz Tadeusz Skalski, Wirginia Likus, Łukasz Jaworski, Adam Maszczyk, Kinga Łosińska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Inter-individual variability in neuromuscular and cortical adaptation presents a significant challenge for the personalization of neurofeedback protocols in elite sports, particularly in judo. Objective: This study aimed to identify distinct adaptation phenotypes in elite Polish judo athletes by integrating electrophysiological and performance-based measures following an EEG biofeedback intervention. Materials and methods: Twenty-four male athletes from the Polish national judo team completed a 15-session EEG biofeedback protocol targeting frontal alpha asymmetry. Post-intervention assessments included surface EMG amplitude (RMS), median frequency (MF), percentage EMG change, composite EEG indices (EEG_SUM), and normalized lower-limb strength. A composite Global Adaptation Index (GAI) was used …

Financial Implications Of Vascular Surgery Conference Fees, Alexandra Kats, Gerard M. Martin, Sanath Patil, Joshua R. Chen, Paul J. Dimuzio, Dawn Salvatore, Michael Nooromid, Babak Abai

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Conferences are an important venue for trainees and students to engage in scholarly activities and networking. However, cost presents a significant consideration for students looking to attend conferences as institutional funding varies. In this study, we analyze the attendance costs of vascular conferences.

METHODS: Thirty-one vascular surgery conferences were identified with 12 regional and 6 national, and 13 international. Invitation-only conferences were excluded from the analysis. Cost of attendance was stratified by early and regular registration timing and attending, trainee, and student status. Additionally, conference websites were queried individually for scholarship opportunities. Data was presented descriptively and compared using …

Determinants Of Corporal Punishment And Severe Physical Punishment In Egypt: A Mixed-Methods Analysis For Child Protection Policy, Marwa Moustafa Nassef

Theses and Dissertations

Corporal punishment (CP) and severe physical punishment (SPP) remain a major public health, child rights, and child protection policy concern. In Egypt, despite legislative reforms, survey-weighted analysis of the 2021 Egypt Family Health Survey (EFHS) 2021 (CAPMAS, 2022) reveals prevalence rates of 60.5% for CP and 27.4% for SPP among children aged 1–14 (author’s calculations using EFHS-2021, n=7623), yet evidence distinguishing the determinants of routine corporal punishment from escalation to severe physical punishment remains limited in low- and middle-income contexts. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological framework, this mixed-methods study identifies key drivers of CP and its escalation to SPP among Egyptian …

Identifying Social Determinants Of Health Subgroups And Their Associations With Health Outcomes In A Prospective Us Adult Covid-19 Cohort: An Analysis Of The Inspire Registry, Yohali Burrola-Mendez, Eugene Lin, Canada Parrish, Chialing Hsu, Mandy J. Hill, Michael Gottlieb, Kristin L. Rising, Lauren E. Wisk, Nicole L. Gentile, Rachel E. Geyer, Robert A. Weinstein, Michelle Santangelo, Kristyn Gatling, Jonathan W. Dyal, Joann G. Elmore, Robert M. Rodriguez, Phillip Watts, Ji Chen, Zihan Diao, Erica S. Spatz, Kwun Cg Chan, K A. Stephens, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Inspire Group

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To identify subgroups with similar social determinants of health (SDOH) characteristics using latent class analysis (LCA) and examine their associations with physical and mental health, cognitive function and missed workdays at 3 and 6 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hypothesised that intersecting SDOH factors would differentially influence COVID-19-related health outcomes across subgroups.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study from the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE), with longitudinal data collection and cross-sectional analyses at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups.

SETTING: Multicentre registry across eight US academic medical centres (Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, New Haven, Philadelphia, San Francisco and …

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Implementation In Eswatini Identifies Rifampicin And Bedaquiline Resistance Undetected By Routine Diagnostic Testing, Debrah Vambe, Alexander Kay, Mangaliso Ziyane, Mdigo Thunzini, Sein Sein Thi, Leonardo De Araujo, Viola Dreyer, Tanja Niemann, Busizwe Sibandze, Sijabu Masina, Andrea Maurizio Cabibbe, Jennifer Furin, Tafadzwa Mazuruse, Lindokuhle Dlamini, Thulani Jele, Bheki Mamba, Gugu Maphalala, Makhosazana Dlamini, Mbongeni Dube, Nomthandazo Lukhele, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Anna Mandalakas, Christoph Lange, Sphiwe Ngwenya, Christian Utpatel, Sindisiwe Dlamini, Stefan Niemann

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In Eswatini, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains harbouring the rifampicin-resistance (RR) rpoB I491F mutation are missed by routine diagnostics, including GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra), line probe assays (LPA), and mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST). To address this diagnostic gap, Eswatini introduced targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) in 2019. We analysed 234 patient samples enrolled from June 2021 to December 2024 with isoniazid and/or rifampicin resistance detected by routine diagnostics, or suspected treatment failure, and obtained detailed clinical and outcome data from 59 patients. tNGS detected RR in 159 strains, of which 101 (64%) carried …

Evolution Lower Limb Functional Asymmetry In Women's 400 M Hurdles From 1978-2022, Janusz Iskra, Wojciech Paśko, Paweł Gwiazdoń, Magdalena Chanas, Krzysztof Przednowek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Functional asymmetry of the lower limbs in the technique of clearing 10 hurdles in the 400 m hurdles event was the subject of the study. Materials and methods: This study investigates the patterns of hurdle clearance, distinguishing between left and right lead legs by 196 female hurdlers competing in major championship events (including Olympic Games, World Championships, European Championships) from 1978 to 2022. The hurdlers were categorized into three groups based on competition periods: Group A (1978–2000), Group B (2001–2011), and Group C (2012–2022). The share of the left lead leg (assumed by most authors to be the lead …

Intravenous Atropine In Reducing Reperfusion Arrhythmias, Conduction Abnormalities, And Hypotension In Inferior St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Mohamed Ismail Rashed, Islam Mahmoud Bastawy, Ahmed Lotfy Mohamed, Mohamed Gamaleldin Elewa

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Objectives: Inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is frequently complicated by vagally mediated bradyarrhythmias and hypotension during reperfusion, contributing to increased morbidity. The Bezold–Jarisch reflex has been implicated in this hemodynamic instability; however, evidence supporting prophylactic atropine remains limited. The study evaluated whether intravenous atropine administered immediately before reperfusion reduces clinically meaningful bradyarrhythmias, hypotension, early sustained ventricular arrhythmias, and inpatient major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods: In this prospective single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset with inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were randomized 1:1 to intravenous …

Targeting Inequities: Addressing Lung Cancer Care Challenges In Africa Through Drug Access, Radiotherapy, And Surgical Innovations, Elvis Obomanu, Chidiebube Ugwu, Muluken Megiso, Tarfa Verinumbe, Colton Jones, Verna Vanderpuye, Nazik Hammad

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in Africa, with survival rates starkly lagging behind global benchmarks because of systemic inequities in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment access. Despite representing only 6% of global smokers, the continent faces a disproportionate burden driven by environmental and occupational carcinogens, aggressive tobacco marketing, and fragmented health care infrastructure. Key challenges include prohibitive delays in accessing targeted therapies like epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and immunotherapies, a dire shortage of radiotherapy infrastructure-0.12 megavoltage units per million people versus the International Atomic Energy Agency's recommended five megavoltage units per million, and a …

Impact Of Maternal Covid-19 Infection Versus Vaccination On Mucosal Immunity In Breastmilk, Mymy Nguyen, Rupsa C. Boelig, Julie Jones, Wathsala Wijayalath, Gregory D. Gromowski, Zubair H. Aghai, Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Background/Objectives: In the first months of their life, infants rely on maternal antibodies for immune protection. Breastmilk is a major source of these defenses, supplying secretory IgA, IgG, and IgM that help guard mucosal surfaces against pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. Most studies on breastmilk immunity in the context of COVID-19 have emphasized circulating monomeric IgA, rather than the multimeric secretory IgA (sIgA) that is active at mucosal barriers. This study assessed in-depth the contribution of breastmilk antibody subtypes to SARS-CoV-2 neutralization capacity and how these profiles differ following maternal COVID-19 infection versus vaccination during pregnancy or postpartum.

Methods: …

Long Term Evaluation Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Local Cooling Anesthesia During Intravitreal Injections: The Cool-2 Trial, Arshad M. Khanani, Samir N. Patel, Charles C. Wykoff, Gun-Ho Kim, Ajay E. Kuriyan

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a medical device providing cooling anesthesia to the eye as local anesthesia for intravitreal (IVT) injections.

SUBJECTS/METHODS: As a multicenter, open label, dose escalation clinical trial, subjects receiving at least 3 IVT injections in the study eye were recruited to participate. All patients received subconjunctival lidocaine as their anesthesia for previous IVT injections. Subjects receiving IVT injections were assigned (non-randomized) to four groups in which the cooling device was applied to the conjunctiva at the location of the intravitreal injection: Group 1: -10˚C for 20 seconds; Group 2: -15˚C for 10 seconds; …

Lived Experiences And Perceptions Of People With Knee Osteoarthritis In Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study, Sultan A. Alanazi, Amjad S. Alhabishi, Rana O. Alawafi, Samia A. Alamrani

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To explore how people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) perceive and live with their condition, how they self-manage symptoms, and how they experience physiotherapy and rehabilitation services.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were undertaken with individuals with knee OA who are aged ≥ 45 years. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, de-identified and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis with investigator triangulation.

Results: Twenty-seven (19 females) participants aged 45–74 years (mean = 61) from different regions of KSA shared lived experiences of knee OA. Four themes describing participants' experiences …