Digital Commons Network^™

The Role Of Unrealistic Optimism In Explaining Preventive Behaviors In High Versus Low Endemic Malaria Settings In Belize, Daniel G. Handysides

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Of all the diseases an individual can encounter in the world, malaria is one of the most destructive. Simple measures like sleeping under a bednet would greatly reduce the burden (Abeku, 2007). When people estimate their risk relative to others, they are most often unrealistically optimistic, which may explain why those at risk often fail to perform behaviors, such as using a bednet that will reduce their risk. However, one study showed that people at high risk for malaria held pessimistic perceptions of their risk for the disease, but the reasons for this finding are unclear (Morrison, Ager, & …

The Relationship Between The Level Of Support Group Participation And Psychosocial Factors In Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Proton Therapy, Carol A. L. Davis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. The role of support groups for cancer patients is known to be beneficial in helping people adjust to the disease, and cope with the myriad of effects that cancer has on quality of life. Although many people express interest in attending such support groups, few attend regularly. It is unclear what characteristics distinguish those who use such services from those who do not, especially among proton therapy patients.

Objective. To examine demographic and psychosocial characteristics associated with the Brotherhood of the Balloon (BOB) prostate cancer support group membership, a unique treatment-focused group originating at Loma Linda University Medical Center …

The Challenge Of Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Control In Pakistan, Syed Mohammad Asad Zaidi, Nauman Fazal Manzoor, Shabbir Akhtar

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

No abstract provided.

Asian Race/Ethnicity As A Risk Factor For Bile Duct Injury During Cholecystectomy., Stephanie R. Downing, Ghazala Datoo, Tolulope A. Oyetunji, Terrence Fullum, David C. Chang, Nita Ahuja

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Iatrogenic bile duct injury (BDI) is an uncommon but serious complication of cholecystectomy, with identified risk factors of acute cholecystitis, male sex, older age, and aberrant biliary anatomy. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1998-2006) was queried for cholecystectomy performed on hospital day 0 or 1. Bile duct injury repair procedure codes were used as a surrogate for BDI. We identified 377,424 patients who underwent cholecystectomy, with 1124 BDIs (0.3%). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, Asian race/ethnicity was a significant risk factor for BDI (odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-3.23; P < .001). This persisted for laparoscopic (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.28-5.39; P = .009) and open (2.21; 1.59-3.07; P < .001) cholecystectomies. No other race/ethnicity was identified as a risk factor for BDI. We report a new finding that Asian race/ethnicity is a significant risk factor for BDI in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies.

The Efficacy Of Intravenous Hyoscine-N-Butylbromide (Buscopan®) For The Acceleration Of Labour In First Time Parturients: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Mukaindo A. Mwaniki

Master of Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Objective: to establish the safety and efficacy of hyoscine-N-butylbromide (Buscopan®) in accelerating labour in first time parturients. Design: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting: the antenatal clinic and maternity unit of the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Kenya. Population: first time parturients in spontaneous labour at term. Methods: women were randomised to receive 40mg of hyoscine-N-butylbromide or sterile water for injection intravenously once they were confirmed to be in active labour. The dose could be repeated once after four hours. Outcome measures: the main outcome measure was the duration of labour from diagnosis of active stage to delivery. Secondary …

The Development Of Attribute Dominance In The Knowledge Base, Marc A. Lindberg Ph.D.

Psychology Faculty Research

Two cuing, free-recall studies were conducted to test Bach and Underwood's (1970) hypothesis that acoustic encoding is dominant among second graders and semantic encoding is dominant among sixth graders. When retrieval cues were presented with to-be-remembered items at both input and output (Experiment 1), and when cues were presented only at output (Experiment 2), semantic cues were more efficient in elevating recall than were acoustic cues for both second and sixth graders. When these and other results generally found using recognition, sorting, incidental learning, and free-recall experimental designs are compared, it seems plausible that item presentation and memory-testing formats interact …

The Role Of Gender In Single Vs Married Individuals With Bipolar Disorder., Daniel Z Lieberman, Suena H Massey, Frederick K Goodwin

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of marriage as a source of social support, it has been largely neglected in studies of bipolar disorder; and differential effects on men and women have not been explored.

METHODS: Data on episodes of depression, mania, and mixed states were collected for the previous 2 years from a sample of 282 bipolar individuals using the National Institute of Mental Health Life Chart Methodology.

RESULTS: Effects unique to women included the following: Bipolar women were significantly more likely to be married. Married women had fewer episodes of depression during the past 2 years than never-married women, and …

Com Outlook Summer 2010, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

A Randomized Comparison Of Online And Paper Mood Charts For People With Bipolar Disorder., Daniel Z Lieberman, Tammas F Kelly, Lanny Douglas, Frederick K Goodwin

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal mood instability is the essential feature of bipolar disorder, however most rating scales are cross sectional in nature, and focus on acute symptoms. By contrast, the NIMH Life Chart Methodology (LCM) characterizes in detail the severity, duration, and frequency of mood episodes. Adherence to daily rating, however, tends to be low. In this study an online version of the LCM, designed to enhance adherence, was compared to the standard paper version.

METHODS: Patients from a mood disorders specialty clinic were randomized to the standard LCM or an online, open-source adaptation. The online version used hypertext links embedded in …

Health Related Quality Of Life Changes Among Users Of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Dmpa) For Contraception, Sikolia Wanyonyi

Master of Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background: Contraceptive use is often a lifestyle choice that could impact on the quality of life. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), like any other contraceptive method has other effects besides fertility control. Understanding how these impacts on the quality of life could assist in client counseling, eventually leading to informed choices. Objective: To determine health related quality of life changes associated with the use of DMPA for contraception. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was carried out between December 2008 and September 2009 at family planning clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital and Family Health Options, Kenya (FHOK) after institutional and …

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of The Effect Of Additional Ultrasound Therapy To Analgesia Treatment Protocol For Acute Low Back Pain At Akuh (N), Shamshudin Mohammedali

Master of Medicine in General Surgery

Background: Acute low back pain is a common condition that is encountered by many physicians. Varied treatments are instituted in its management with no defined standard protocol in our institution. Additional physiotherapy has had minimal impact in terms of pain control and the time to return to work in the available literature. Controversy remains regarding effectiveness of ultrasound physiotherapy and its role in management of acute low back pain. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the addition of ultrasound physiotherapy to analgesia in patients with acute low back pain at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Methods: A randomized controlled …

Giant Unresectable Lymphangioma Of The Trunk Managed Via Intra-Tumour Injections Of Bleomycin, Umair Khalid, Saulat Hasnain Fatimi, Taimur Saleem

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Surgical excision was once considered the mainstay of treatment for lymphangiomas. However, that paradigm is now changing with sclerotherapy emerging as a viable alternative. A 22-year-old girl presented with a mucopurulent and painful discharge from an extensive wound in the trunk. Chest roentogram showed a large soft tissue abnormality with multiple calcifications in the right upper abdomen and lower thorax. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extensive lobulated mass measuring 27 x 19 cm. Due to the extensive involvement of tissues, surgical excision did not appear to be a favourable option in this case. Local injections of bleomycin were successfully administered; …

Desvenlafaxine In Major Depressive Disorder: An Evidence-Based Review Of Its Place In Therapy., Daniel Z Lieberman, Suena H Massey

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Desvenlafaxine, the active metabolite of venlafaxine, is a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) recently approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It is one of only three medications in this class available in the United States.

AIMS: The objective of this article is to review the published evidence for the safety and efficacy of desvenlafaxine, and to compare it to other antidepressants to delineate its role in the treatment of depression.

EVIDENCE REVIEW: At the recommended dose of 50 mg per day the rate of response and remission was similar to other SNRIs, as was the adverse effect …

Vampirism, Vampire Cults And The Teenager Of Today, Megan White, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The aim of this paper is to summarize the limited literature on clinical vampirism, vampire cults and the involvement of adolescents in vampire-like behavior. The various definitions of clinical vampirism are outlined and the emergence of vampire cults from Gothic culture is examined. Further, the clinical features of cult behavior, the attraction to cults, the risk factors for cult involvement, and the clinical management of cult members are discussed. Additionally, vampire popular media is briefly introduced and a case study presented.

Association Between Obesity, Depression, And Inflammation Among Seventh-Day Adventists In The Biopsychosocial Religion And Health Study, Michael Paalani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effects of obesity and depression on morbidity and mortality may be mediated by inflammatory processes. Homeostasis within the immune system depends on a balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine molecules, so chronic inflammatory diseases may result from cytokine dysregulation. The target population consisted of 508 Seventh Day Adventists (SDAs) who participated in the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study (BHRS), a sub-study of the Adventist Health Study-2. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of the association between obesity, depression, and inflammation after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, health behavioral, and health status variables among BHRS participants.

Obesity was assessed by body …

Emergency Department Staff Adherence To Bad News Delivery Recommendations, Kristen R. Myers

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Emergency department (ED) staff is responsible for giving bad news regarding death, diagnoses, and other traumatic losses to patients and loved ones. Individuals receiving traumatic and sudden bad news are at increased risk of serious psychological and physiological consequences of disrupted grief. Despite published recommended practices for providers to help prevent maladaptive grief responses, little research is available on actual bad news delivery practices and factors promoting or hindering adherence to recommendations, and no study specifically explored the ED context.

The study used a qualitative design to explore bad news delivery practices, awareness of recommendations, factors perceived to hinder or …

Defining And Measuring The Patient-Centered Medical Home., Kurt C Stange, Paul A Nutting, William L Miller, Carlos R Jaén, Benjamin F Crabtree, Susan A Flocke, James M Gill

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is four things: 1) the fundamental tenets of primary care: first contact access, comprehensiveness, integration/coordination, and relationships involving sustained partnership; 2) new ways of organizing practice; 3) development of practices' internal capabilities, and 4) related health care system and reimbursement changes. All of these are focused on improving the health of whole people, families, communities and populations, and on increasing the value of healthcare. The value of the fundamental tenets of primary care is well established. This value includes higher health care quality, better whole-person and population health, lower cost and reduced inequalities compared to …

Psychology Of Sport Injury : A Holistic Approach To Rehabilitating The Injured Athlete, Jennifer Jordan Utley

Athletic Training Collection

Sports medicine practitioners must consider both physical and mental aspects of injury to fully rehabilitate the injured athlete. The psychological distress that follows injury has been well documented and calls for a change in the rehabilitation of injured athletes.^1-3 With the recent emergence of sport psychology and the emphasis on competitive sport in the United States and beyond, psychological skills are no longer solely utilized by the elite athlete; college and high school athletes are gaining instruction in the use of psychological skills from sport psychologists, coaches, and fellow teammates. Psychological skills have been shown to be effective in …

Terrorism And Health: The Responsibility Of Intellectuals, Haider A. Naqvi, Syed Faraz Kazim, Shafqat Huma

Department of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

The Quality-Of-Life Impact Of Prostate Cancer Treatments., Jaspreet Singh, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Leonard G. Gomella

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

Many options exist for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. In the decision to choose a therapeutic option for localized disease, many variables need to be considered such as tumor characteristics, clinical stage, the patient's overall health and life expectancy, and preferences of both the physician and patient. Another important consideration is the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) implications of a given treatment option. The importance of HRQOL relative to the potential side effects of prostate cancer treatments has grown over the past few years. Although our collective awareness has increased, objective data on HRQOL for prostate cancer treatment are …

Improving Sexual Health, P.U.L.S.E., And E.R.O.S. At California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Megan (Meg) Rust

Psychology and Child Development

This project is designed to update and refine EROS educators’ knowledge of sexual health and to gain insight into Cal Poly students’ general knowledge of sexual health.  Educators are given extensive training during the entire quarter before they begin their positions, but information is constantly changing. This project intends to initiate up to date informational tools that can be revised as new psychological or medical discoveries are made in the realm of sexuality and sexual health.

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Summer 2010), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Summer 2010 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

Opening Remarks

• PCOM Updates
• Development News
• Overweight Nation
• Learning from Disaster
• 2010 Mason W. Pressly Memorial Medal (GA–PCOM)
• 2010 Simmy Ginsburg Humanitarian Award
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn Essay
• Services for Alumni

Self-Efficacy And Educational Interventions In Heart Failure: A Review Of The Literature, Karen S. Yehle, Kimberly Plake

School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to better understand how to structure educational interventions for heart failure patients to improve their self-efficacy for self-care behaviors.

Methods: A computer search of the literature from 1966 through May 2009 was conducted, yielding 84 manuscripts. All manuscripts were reviewed in relation to the search criteria, resulting in 12 articles that were evaluated.

Results: Each of the reviewed studies utilized an intervention plus education to improve self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was a primary outcome for seven of the studies, and a secondary outcome for five on the …

The Interim Window: Women’S Experiences During In Vitro Fertilization Leading To Maternal Embryo Attachment, Tammy Mackinnon Lampley

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Infertility affects about 7.3 million women and their partners in the U.S., about 12% of the reproductive-age population. In vitro fertilization (IVF) has been used successfully in the United States since 1981. The number of women seeking artificial reproductive techniques (ART) has increased dramatically and the number of ART cycles performed in the United States has more than doubled, from 64,681 in 1996 to 134,260 in 2005 and 99% of these are IVF. Studies indicated that women rank waiting for the outcome of and IVF treatment and a negative pregnancy result as the most stressful events during their treatment. Although …

Effects Of Obesity On The Biomechanics Of Children’S Gait At Different Speeds, Philana-Lee Gouws

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and spatio-temporal gait characteristics of overweight/obese and non-obese school-aged children (12-14 years) at two different walking speeds. Eighty-four overweight/obese (n=28; age: 13.96 ± 0.79 yrs; mass: 74.8 ± 18.21 kg; height: 159.2 ± 7.1 cm and BMI: 29.28 ± 5.64 kg/m2) and non-obese students (n=56; age: 13.72 ± 0.79 yrs; mass: 51.7 ± 10.2 kg; height: 157.8 ± 8.3 cm and BMI: 20.69 ± 2.74 kg/m2) with no present injuries were recruited. Participants were instructed to walk across an electronic walkway in each of two …

Brain Research To Ameliorate Impaired Neurodevelopment - Home-Based Intervention Trial (Brain-Hit), Jan L. Wallander, Elizabeth Mcclure, Fred Biasini, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Omrana Pasha, Elwyn Chomba, Darlene Shearer, Linda Wright, Vanessa Thorsten, Hrishikesh Chakraborty, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Niranjana S. Mahantshetti, Roopa M. Bellad, Zahid Abbasi, Waldemar Carlo

Community Health Sciences

Background: This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of an early developmental intervention program on the development of young children in low-and low-middle-income countries who are at risk for neurodevelopmental disability because of birth asphyxia. A group of children without perinatal complications are evaluated in the same protocol to compare the effects of early developmental intervention in healthy infants in the same communities. Birth asphyxia is the leading specific cause of neonatal mortality in low-and low-middle-income countries and is also the main cause of neonatal and long-term morbidity including mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Mortality …

Rituximab In The Treatment Of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Focus On Outcomes And Comparative Effectiveness, Firas Badin, John Hayslip

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Rituximab is an important and well established component in the treatment of many patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In this paper we review recent clinical trials investigating the addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy regimens for treatment of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. This report focuses upon treatment efficacy, quality of life, and safety of rituximab or rituximab-containing regimens. More uniquely, we review economic aspects of lymphoma treatments, including the cost of standard chemotherapy regimens with or without rituximab, cost effectiveness of rituximab in both induction and maintenance treatment, and lymphoma's impacts on patient's productivity …

Com Outlook Spring 2010, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

A Randomized Trial Of Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Device And High Flow Oxygen For Persistent Dyspnea In, David Hui

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Background: Dyspnea is a common and distressing symptom among patients with advanced cancer. The role of bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) and Vapotherm in the relief of dyspnea have not been well defined. We aimed to determine and to compare the efficacy of BIPAP and VapoTherm for cancer related dyspnea.

Methods: In this randomized, open-label, crossover study, we randomly assigned advanced cancer patients with persistent dyspnea >=3/10 to either Vapotherm for 2 hours followed by BiPAP for 2 hours, or BiPAP followed by Vaptherm. A variable washout period was instituted between interventions. The primary end point was change in numeric …

Association Of Depression With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Among Adults Aged Between 25 To 60 Years In Karachi, Pakistan., Shazia Perveen, Muhammad S Otho, Muhammad N Siddiqi, Juanita Hatcher, Ghazala Rafique

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Background:The combination of depression with type 2 diabetes is a public health problem. If diabetes is managed in its initial phase, the morbidity and mortality due to this combination may be prevented at an early stage. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association of depression with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes among adults aged between 25 to 60 years in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods:

From July 2006 to September 2007, a matched case control study (n = 592) was conducted in Civil Hospital, Karachi. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes (n = 296) diagnosed within one month were recruited from …