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Successful Aging And The Epidemiology Of Hiv, David E. Vance, Teena Mcguinness, Karen Musgrove, Nancy Ann Orel, Pariya L. Fazeli

Gerontology Faculty Publications

By 2015, it is estimated that nearly half of those living with HIV in the US will be 50 years of age and older. This dramatic change in the demographics of this clinical population represents unique challenges for patients, health care providers, and society-at-large. Fortunately, because of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and healthy lifestyle choices, it is now possible for many infected with HIV to age successfully with this disease; however, this depends upon one’s definition of successful aging. It is proposed that successful aging is composed of eight factors: length of life, biological health, cognitive efficiency, mental health, …

The Prevalence And Factors Associated With Nonadherence With Arv Treatment And Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy Among Hiv Infected Adolescents Attending Out-Patient Hiv Clinics In Kenya, Reson Marima

Master of Medicine in Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: There is an increase in the burden of HIV infected adolescents, both those perinatally infected as well as those acquiring HIV during adolescence. Female adolescents continue to be at the highest risk for acquiring HIV; in many Southern African countries, they have a three fold risk of acquiring HIV compared to their male counterparts. Adherence to treatment among adolescents has been shown to range between 30-70%, which is unacceptably low for antiretroviral therapy (ART). Psychosocial wellbeing and social support have been shown to be possible contributing factors to adherence to ART. This relationship has not been previously evaluated among …

Oncolog, Volume 56, Number 06, June 2011, John H. Mccool, Sunni Hoseman

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• MD Anderson Celebrates 70th Anniversary: Its first clinical facility was a converted Army barracks, its first headquarters was renovated residential estate near downtown Houston, and its first cancer research was conducted by four scientists in a former horse stable
• Compass: Stage II or III Soft Tissue Sarcoma-Chemotherapy and radiation therapy before or after surgery benefit patients

Femoroacetabular Impingement: Saving The Joint, Ronald Huang, Javad Parvizi

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Many factors have been linked to the development of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip, but often, cases are still considered “idiopathic.” Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been suggested as a possible etiologic factor for the otherwise “idiopathic” cases. It is theorized that the subtle morphologic abnormalities seen at the head-neck junction and acetabulum in FAI may lead to labral tears, chondral damage, and subsequent progression of OA. Prevalence of FAI has been suggested to be as high as 14% in the general population. It often presents in young active patients that subject their hip joint to repetitive micro trauma associated with …

Child And Family Responses To Weight Management Programs : A Qualitative Investigation, Andra Lynn Fjone

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to explore what happens within families in which a child participates in a pediatric weight management program for the treatment of overweight or obesity and identify strategies and processes for successful weight management.

Method: A qualitative approach was used to collect data from seven families. Individual interviews were conducted with parents, target children, and siblings. Data was analyzed within families and compared between families.

Results: Grounded theory analysis revealed three major essential themes: Shared Burden, Family Congruence, and Collaboration. Descriptive analysis was used to identify recommendations for improving family based weight management programs. …

The Association Of Religious Coping On Reports Of Low Back Pain And Inflammatory Markers, Jacqueline D. Bougie

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Chronic pain is the most common cause of disability in the United States with depression, anxiety, and stress often occurring co-morbidly. The purpose of the study was to explore how religion may modulate the frequency of back pain, influence inflammatory markers, influence the use of medications, and impact functional ability.

Participants were from the Biological Manifestations of Religion Study (BioMRS; N= 508) and the Psychological Manifestations of Religion Study (PsyMRS; N = 10,988). All participants completed a 20-page questionnaire and BioMRS participants provided blood, salivary, and urine samples, performance tests, and learning tests all collected within 1 week of …

Religious Experiences Shrink Part Of The Brain, Andrew Newberg, M.D.

Marcus Institute of Integrative Health Faculty Papers

A study links life-changing religious experiences, like being born again, with atrophy in the hippocampus.

The article, “Religious factors and hippocampal atrophy in late life,” by Amy Owen and colleagues at Duke University represents an important advance in our growing understanding of the relationship between the brain and religion. The study showed greater atrophy in the hippocampus in individuals who identify with specific religious groups as well as those with no religious affiliation. It is a surprising result, given that many prior studies have shown religion to have potentially beneficial effects on brain function, anxiety, and depression.

Evaluation Of A Medical And Mental Health Unit Compared With Standard Care For Older People Whose Emergency Admission To An Acute General Hospital Is Complicated By Concurrent ‘Confusion’: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Acronym: Team: Trial Of An Elderly Acute Care Medical And Mental Health Unit, Rowan H. Harwood, Sarah E. Goldberg, Kathy H. Whittamore, Catherine Russell, John Rf Gladman, Rob G. Jones, Davina Porock, Sarah A. Lewis, Lucy E. Bradshaw, Rachel A. Elliot

Publications and Research

Background: Patients with delirium and dementia admitted to general hospitals have poor outcomes, and their carers report poor experiences. We developed an acute geriatric medical ward into a specialist Medical and Mental Health Unit over an eighteen month period. Additional specialist mental health staff were employed, other staff were trained in the ‘person-centred’ dementia care approach, a programme of meaningful activity was devised, the environment adapted to the needs of people with cognitive impairment, and attention given to communication with family carers. We hypothesise that patients managed on this ward will have better outcomes than those receiving standard care, and …

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 13 No. 3 (May/June 2011), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.

Evidence Based Treatment Of Schizophrenia: Do We Know Enough, Faheem Khan, Haider A Naqvi

Department of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

Vital Signs, Summer 2011, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A forty-eight page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles, a research spotlight, alumni notes, and more.

Effects Of Environment On Children's Motor Scores, Eligibility Status, And Administration Times, Derrick Mittelstadt, Abigail Parker, Kirsten Pickett, Heather Temkin

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Best practices for assessing developmental skills in young children focus on naturalistic observation in everyday settings, but the effects of environment on test scores, eligibility status and administration time have not been explored. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition (PDMS-2) was administered to 34 children aged 18 to 59 months in natural and pull-out settings. PDMS-2 total, gross, and fine motor quotient (TMQ, GMQ, and FMQ) scores were significantly lower in the natural environment (p’s≤.014). Based on our results, more children would qualify for services when tested in natural environments using TMQ and GMQ scores. It also took significantly longer …

Effect Of Anchoring On Perceived Amniocentesis Related Miscarriage Risk Within A Latina Population, Laura E. Panos

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Most recognized pregnancies are completed without difficulty, yet there is always a 3-5% background risk to have a child with a birth defect. Amniocentesis, the most common type of prenatal diagnostic test, is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. Amniocentesis is associated with a risk of complications that can lead to a miscarriage, which is typically quoted to be between 1 in 300 and 1 in 500. Amniocentesis uptake rates are typically lowest within the Latina community, and although the factors related to this have been studied before, no specific conclusions have been reached.

The general population …

Self-Reported Exercise And Risk Of Osteoporosis In Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Lori J. Mennen-Winchell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Prostate cancer is stimulated to grow in response to testosterone. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to chemical castration and suppression of prostate cancer cell production. Testosterone levels less then 300ng/ml decreases bone mineral density and could result in osteoporosis. Studies have shown that during the first year of ADT, fracture risk, mainly in hips and spine increases about 50%. In men, 40% of hip fractures result in death. Exercise may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and thus contribute to the prevention of hip and other fractures. There is limited data regarding whether exercise is associated with a reduced risk of …

Knowledge And Perception Of The Role Of Targeted Ultrasound In Detecting Down Syndrome Among A High Risk Population, Ashley M. Henriksen

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The purpose of this study was to determine the perception and knowledge of targeted ultrasound in women who screen positive for Down syndrome in the first or second trimester, and to assess the perceived detection rate of Down syndrome by targeted ultrasound in this population.  While several studies have reported patient perceptions’ of routine ultrasound, no study has specifically examined knowledge regarding the targeted ultrasound and its role in detecting Down syndrome.  A targeted ultrasound is a special ultrasound during the second trimester offered to women who may be at a higher-than-average risk of having a baby with some type …

Prevalence Of Premature Ovarian Failure In Women With Tuberous Sclerosis, Emily Gabitzsch

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant tumor suppressor disorder characterized by hamartomas, or benign growths, in various organ systems. Inactivating mutations in either the TSC1 or the TSC2 gene cause most cases of TSC. Recently, the use of ovarian specific conditional knock-out mouse models has demonstrated a crucial role of the TSC genes in ovarian function. Mice with complete deletion of Tsc1 or Tsc2 showed accelerated ovarian follicle activation and subsequent premature follicular depletion, consistent with the human condition premature ovarian failure (POF). POF is defined in women as the cessation of menses before the age of 40 …

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) In Urban India, Heidi A. Manlove

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This thesis research focuses on urban women in India diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a complex metabolic, endocrine and reproductive disorder affecting approximately 5-10% of the female population in developed countries. The prevalence of PCOS is on the rise in developing nations like India, which are undergoing rapid nutritional transitions due to Westernized diets and lifestyle. However, less appreciated in the literature are the developmental psychosocial impacts for women diagnosed with PCOS, especially in developing countries. Thus, the goal of my thesis research was to contribute to the small but growing literature by investigating psychosocial dimensions of …

Health Needs Of Hiv-Infected Women In The United States: Insights From The Women Living Positive Survey., Kathleen E Squires, Sally L Hodder, Judith Feinberg, Dawn Averitt Bridge, Staats Abrams, Stephen P Storfer, Judith A Aberg

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The objective of this study was to describe attitudes, opinions, and perceived health needs of HIV-infected women in the United States. In this cross-sectional study, women were invited to participate in the Women Living Positive survey, a structured interview instrument with 45 questions. Collected data were deidentified and the margin of error was calculated as four percentage points. Incoming toll-free phone interviews were conducted from December 21, 2006, through March 14, 2007 among subjects recruited from a U.S. national network of AIDS counseling centers. Seven hundred HIV-infected women (43% African American, 28.5% Hispanic, 28.5% Caucasian; median age, 42.5 years) receiving …

Can Female Genital Mutilation Victims Benefit From Corrective Surgery: To Regain Sexual Pleasure And Be “Whole” Once Again?, Monique Sulls

Festival of Communities: UG Symposium (Posters)

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is defined by the World Health Organization, (WHO), as the removal or cutting of the external female genitalia. WHO estimates between 100 and 140 million girls and women worldwide currently live with the consequences of FGM. The study finds that through corrective surgery, pre/post therapy, counseling, and sexual education victims to FGM can regain sexual pleasure providing them a chance to be “Whole” once again.

Hormonal Consequences Of Epilepsy And Its Treatment In Men., Kartik Sivaraaman, Scott Mintzer

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Epilepsy and anticonvulsant medications may substantially alter endocrine homeostasis, including the male reproductive hormonal system.

RECENT FINDINGS: Seizures in medial temporal lobe structures, through their connectivity to the hypothalamus, alter the secretion of gonadotropins. Levels of circulating bioavailable testosterone are affected by changes in the level of binding proteins, which in turn may be affected by seizure medications. The use of older generation medications that induce the cytochrome P450 system is associated with an increase in sex hormone-binding globulin and lower bioactive testosterone. Sexual dysfunction, including decreased libido and decreased potency, and infertility, is seen commonly in …

Antidepressants And Breast And Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Review Of The Literature And Researchers' Financial Associations With Industry, Lisa Cosgrove, Ling Shi, David E. Creasey, Maria Anaya-Mckivergan, Jessica A. Myers, Krista F. Huybrechts

Counseling, School Psychology & Sport Faculty Publication Series

Background

Antidepressant (AD) use has been purported to increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, although both epidemiological and pre-clinical studies have reported mixed results [1]–[6]. Previous studies in a variety of biomedical fields have found that financial ties to drug companies are associated with favorable study conclusions [7].

Methods and Findings

We searched English-language articles in MEDLINE, PsychINFO, the Science Citations Index and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials (through November 2010). A total of 61 articles that assessed the relationship between breast and ovarian cancer and AD use and articles that examined the effect of …

Role Of Multidetector Computed Tomography (Mdct) In Patients With Ovarian Masses., Fatima Mubarak, Muhammad Shahbaz Alam, Waseem Akhtar, Saima Hafeez, Noureen Nizamuddin

Department of Radiology

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector 64-slice computed tomography (MDCT) in the diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian masses using histopathology and surgical findings as the gold standard. Material And

Methods:

This study was conducted in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Data was reviewed retrospectively from 1 November 2008 to 12 December 2009. One hundred Patients found to have ovarian masses on CT scan were included in the study. CT scan was performed in all these Patients after administration of oral and IV contrast. Ovarian masses were classified as benign and malignant on scan findings. …

Com Outlook Spring 2011, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Exercise On Brain Activation In Response To Visual Food Cues, Laura Hackett

Kinesiology and Public Health

No abstract provided.

Expect The Unexpected: Researching Pregnant Women’S Social Supports, Amy Ma

Inquiry Journal 2011

No abstract provided.

The Constant Threat Of Terrorism: Stress Levels And Coping Strategies Amongst University Students Of Karachi, Ayesha Ejaz Ahmed, Komal Masood, Sohni Vicky Dean, Tanzila Shakir, Ahmed Abdul Hafeez Kardar, Usman Barlass, Syed Haider Imam, Mohammad Ghawar Khan Mohmand, Hussain Ibrahim, Imad Saeed Khan, Usman Akram, Farid Hasnain

Department of Psychiatry

OBJECTIVES: To assess the levels of stress in the face of terrorism and the adopted coping strategies, amongst the student population of universities in Karachi

.

METHODS: A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted on undergraduate students from four universities of Karachi. Self-administered questionnaires were filled out by 291 students. Pearson Chi-Square test was used to assess associations between stress levels and different variables at a level of significance of 0.05%

.

RESULTS: A total of 65.8% of the students had mild stress levels, 91.5% of university students were exposed to terrorism through television, while only 26.5% students reported personal …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Spring 2011), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Spring 2011 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates
• Development News
• Moonlighting in the Big Leagues
• Closing the Gap in Primary Care
• In Love & War
• Driven by Adventure: Nilam Vaughan, DO ’11, recipient of the 2011 Mason W. Pressly Memorial Medal, GA–PCOM
• Stand by the Struggling: Jenna Stokes, DO ’11, recipient of the 2011 Simmy Ginsburg Humanitarian Award
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn Essay

Response To An Abnormal Ovarian Cancer-Screening Test Result: Test Of The Social Cognitive Processing And Cognitive Social Health Information Processing Models, Michael A. Andrykowski, Edward J. Pavlik

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

All cancer screening tests produce a proportion of abnormal results requiring follow up. Consequently, the cancer-screening setting is a natural laboratory for examining psychological and behavioural response to a threatening health-related event. This study tested hypotheses derived from the social cognitive processing and cognitive-social health information processing models in trying to understand response to an abnormal ovarian cancer (OC) screening test result. Women (n = 278) receiving an abnormal screening test result a mean of 7 weeks earlier were assessed prior to a repeat screening test intended to clarify their previous abnormal result. Measures of disposition (optimism, informational coping style), …

The Challenge Of Communicating Cardiovascular Risk Information To Our Patients., Samuel S Gidding

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Each of the major cardiovascular risk factors presents unique challenges to the clinician caring for children.  Dyslipidemia and hypertension are silent and require measurement; the challenge is first risk classification and then communicating strategies for treatment, with attendant cost, in the absence of perceptible disease morbidity.  Obesity and physical inactivity, while generally obvious to the patient, require change in lifestyle for successful management; the challenge is to convince the patient to make that change.  Diabetes mellitus is a significant disease requiring complex management strategies for the patient to execute; the challenge is to add cardiovascular risk reduction strategies to the …

Role Of Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Frequent Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shocks, Risk Of Proarrhythmia, And New Drug Therapy., Christopher Droogan, Chinmay Patel, Gan-Xin Yan, Peter R Kowey

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is the standard of care in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy who are at high risk for arrhythmic events and sudden cardiac death. Although an ICD saves life, ICD shocks are emotionally and physically debilitating. Most patients receive adjuvant antiarrhythmic drug therapy to circumvent episodes of recurrent ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. Antiarrhythmic drugs including β-blockers, sotalol, amiodarone, and azimilide are effective at reducing the shock burden. This article describes data supporting the need for and potential risks and benefits of adjuvant antiarrhythmic drug therapy and examines the benefits and pitfalls of the same in ICD-implanted …