Digital Commons Network^™

Can Law Improve Prevention And Treatment Of Cancer?, Roger Magnusson, Lawrence O. Gostin, David Studdert

O'Neill Institute Papers

The December 2011 issue of Public Health (the Journal of the Royal Society for Public Health) contains a symposium entitled: Legislate, Regulate, Litigate? Legal approaches to the prevention and treatment of cancer. This symposium explores the possibilities for using law and regulation – both internationally and at the national level – as the policy instrument for preventing and improving the treatment of cancer and other leading non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this editorial, we argue that there is an urgent need for more legal scholarship on cancer and other leading NCDs, as well as greater dialogue between lawyers, public health practitioners …

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2010, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Thoracolumbar Tuberculosis: Implications For Appropriate Management Based On Disease Location And Proposal Of A Novel Scoring System, Shahryar Noordin, Salim Allana, Tashfeen Ahmad, Zafar Sajjad, Khabir Ahmad, Ather Enam, Riaz Hussain Lakdawala

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Objective: To identify factors indicating disease severity in patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis requiring surgical intervention.
Design: Medical charts of patients who underwent surgery for thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis from 1990-2005 were reviewed. Patients with different levels of disease were compared in terms of neurological deficits, duration of symptoms, previous antituberculous therapy, nutritional status and associated co-morbids.
Results: Ninety-three patients aged 7-77 years (mean age 40 years) were included. Thoracic spine was involved in 80% of operated patients, and lumbar spine in 20%. Severe neurological impairment (Frankel A to C) was present in 68% of patients with thoracic disease, as …

A Sibling Case-Control Study Of Maternal Prenatal Body Mass Index As A Risk Factor For Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ruth Ann Hendrix

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is estimated to be one in every 150 births. While both genetic and postpartum environmental exposure have been linked to ASD, prenatal maternal weight has not been investigated. The objective of the study is to assess whether overweight or obesity at pregnancy is an important risk factor for the diagnosis of ASD in offspring. A case-control study was designed to answer this question using the public health ecosocial theory. The study population consisted of 70 mothers, who were recruited via the Internet using the viral expansion loop. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used …

Requirement Of Argininosuccinate Lyase For Systemic Nitric Oxide Production, Ayelet Erez, Sandesh Cs. Nagamani, Oleg A. Shchelochkov, Muralidhar H. Premkumar, Philippe M. Campeau Campeau, Yuqing Chen, Harsha K. Garg, Li Li, Asad Mian, Terry K. Bertin, Jennifer O. Black, Heng Zeng, Yaoping Tang, Anilkumar K. Reddy, Marshall Summar, William E. O’Brien, David G. Harrison, William E. Mitch, Juan C. Marini, Judy L. Aschner, Nathan S. Bryan, Brendan Lee

Department of Emergency Medicine

Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial in diverse physiological and pathological processes. We show that a hypomorphic mouse model of argininosuccinate lyase (encoded by Asl) deficiency has a distinct phenotype of multiorgan dysfunction and NO deficiency. Loss of Asl in both humans and mice leads to reduced NO synthesis, owing to both decreased endogenous arginine synthesis and an impaired ability to use extracellular arginine for NO production. Administration of nitrite, which can be converted into NO in vivo, rescued the manifestations of NO deficiency in hypomorphic Asl mice, and a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-independent NO donor restored NO-dependent vascular reactivity in …

Social Mobilization Strategy, Family Advancement For Life And Health (Falah)

Reproductive Health

This document outlines social mobilization strategies at the national and community levels of the Family Advancement for Life and Health (FALAH) project in Pakistan. The project aims to improve the health and well-being of women, men, and their children through tackling the major obstacles in adoption of birth spacing to improve maternal and child health outcomes and family well-being, by increasing knowledge of the benefits of birth spacing as well as knowledge, increased demand for, and effective use of contraceptive methods. The strategy aims to achieve a significant increase in couples’ knowledge and understanding of the need for and benefits …

Toward Personalized Cell Therapies: Autologous Menstrual Blood Cells For Stroke, Maria Carolina O. Rodrigues, Loren E. Glover, Nathan Weinbren, Jessica A. Rizzi, Kazutaka Shinozuka, Naoki Tajiri, Yuji Kaneko, Paul R. Sanberg, Julie G. Allickson, Nicole Kuzmin-Nichols, Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis, Julio Cesar Voltarelli, Eduardo Cruz, Cesar V. Borlongan

Neurosurgery and Brain Repair Faculty Publications

Cell therapy has been established as an important field of research with considerable progress in the last years. At the same time, the progressive aging of the population has highlighted the importance of discovering therapeutic alternatives for diseases of high incidence and disability, such as stroke. Menstrual blood is a recently discovered source of stem cells with potential relevance for the treatment of stroke. Migration to the infarct site, modulation of the inflammatory reaction, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and possible differentiation warrant these cells as therapeutic tools. We here propose the use of autologous menstrual blood cells in the restorative …

Population Pharmacokinetic (Pk) And Pharmacodynamic (Pd) Modeling Of Ticarcillin‐Clavulanate In Pediatric Cf Patients, Jeffery T. Zobell, Chris Stockmann, D. C. Young, Jared Cash, Catherine M.T. Sherwin, Michael G. Spigarelli, Barbara A. Chatfield, Krow Ampofo

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Mesalamine-Induced Myocarditis And Coronary Vasculitis In A Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Patient: A Case Report, Elimarys Perez-Colon, Gul H. Dadlani, Ivan Wilmot, Michelle Miller

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Mesalamine-containing products are often a first-line treatment for ulcerative colitis. Severe adverse reactions to these products, including cardiovascular toxicity, are rarely seen in pediatric patients. We present a case of a 16-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis treated with Asacol, a mesalamine-containing product, who developed sudden onset chest pain after four weeks on therapy. Serial electrocardiograms showed nonspecific ST segment changes, an echocardiogram showed mildly decreased left ventricular systolic function with mild to moderate left ventricular dilation and coronary ectasia, and his troponins were elevated. Following Asacol discontinuation, his chest pain resolved, troponins were trending towards normal, left ventricular systolic function …

Isoniazid-Induced Severe Hepatotoxicity: An Infrequent But Preventable Cause Of Liver Failure In Children Treated For Latent Tuberculosis Infection, Dan Desrochers, Regino P. González-Peralta, Daniel T. Mcclenathan, Michael J. Wilsey Jr, Allah Haafiz

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Isoniazid (INH) monotherapy has gained widespread acceptance as an efficacious therapy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) especially in low-prevalence settings. Although INH related hepatotoxicity is well recognized, progression to severe liver dysfunction requiring care at a transplant center remains unpredictable. We report the management of a five year-old girl who developed progressive liver failure due to INH prophylaxis. This highlights the potential severity of INH related hepatic injury and underscores the significance of vigilant clinical monitoring throughout the duration of the therapy in children.

Fmic Annual Report 2011 | English, French Medical Institute For Mothers And Children

French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC) Archives

No abstract provided.

Obesity And Cancer Screening According To Race And Gender., Heather Bittner Fagan, Richard Wender, Ronald E Myers, Nicholas Petrelli

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

The relationship between obesity and cancer screening varies by screening test, race, and gender. Most studies on cervical cancer screening found a negative association between increasing weight and screening, and this negative association was most consistent in white women. Recent literature on mammography reports no association with weight. However, some studies show a negative association in white, but not black, women. In contrast, obese/overweight men reported higher rates of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Comparison of prostate cancer screening, mammography, and Pap smears implies a gender difference in the relationship between screening behavior and weight. In colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, the …

Gestational Diabetes Clinic For Indigent Latinos, Sara Wilson Reece

Scholarly Posters

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), “carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or fist recognition during pregnancy,” results from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency usually in second trimester.¹ • Gestational diabetes (GDM) impacts between 4% and 9% of all pregnancies. • Gestational diabetes (GDM) results in increased fetal complications of macrosomia, shoulder dystocia and neonatal hyperglycemia as well as maternal risks of preeclampsia and polyhydramnois. • Women who are Hispanic or Asian decent are at highest risk of developing GDM. • Diagnosis ² • Perform 75-gramoral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24 – 28 weeks of gestation in women not …

One Student One Family And The Mozambique Eyecare Project, Stephen Thompson, Aoife Phelan, Tatiana Santana, Elizebete Catarino, Vivien Ocampo, Cesar Faria, James Loughman

Articles

Background - The Mozambique Eyecare Programme is funded by Irish Aid and designed to address the need for optometric education in Lusophone Africa. It is a multi-partner collaboration between Universidade Lúrio, Mozambique, Technological University Dublin, Ireland, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, and The International Centre for Eyecare Education (ICEE) an international Non Government Organisation. A key output from the programme is the development of an optometry school based at Universidade Lúrio, the first of its kind in Mozambique. The aim is to address unmet eye care needs through human resource development.

All students enrolled at Universidade Lúrio, including the optometry …

Demographic, Cultural, And Environmental Factors Associated With Frequency And Severity Of Malnutrition Among Zambian Children Less Than Five Years Of Age, Selestine H. Nzalal, Seter Siyizal, Olusegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Radatsikira

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Under-nutrition prevents growth and development in children and is the leading factor to illness and death among children less than five years of age in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine associations of demographic, cultural and environmental factors with frequency and severity of malnutrition among children less than five years of age in Zambia. We used data from the Zambia multiple indicator cluster survey (MICS) from years of 1999 to 2000. Altogether 6,142 children participated in the survey. The prevalence rates for being "underweight", "stunted" and "wasted" were 17.6, 37.5 and 4.1%, respectively. Compared to children …

Costing And Economic Analysis Of Strengthening Union Level Facility For Providing Normal Delivery And Newborn Care Services In Bangladesh, Sushil Ranjan Howlader

Reproductive Health

For a long time, the reduction of the maternal mortality ratio has constituted a major challenge for the health, nutrition, and population sector of Bangladesh. The objectives of this Population Council study is to estimate the costs of the additional inputs required for strengthening Health and Family Welfare Centers (HFWC) for providing normal delivery and newborn care services, the cost-effectiveness, and the financial implications of the addition of capacity. Results clearly show that the benefit-cost ratio for the intervention will be quite high. Some additional measures on the demand side should thus adopted. Intensive behavior change communication activities including interpersonal …

Scaling Up The Provision Of Family Planning Messages In Antenatal And Postpartum Services In Upper Egypt, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Sally Saher

Reproductive Health

An operations research study by the Population Council’s FRONTIERS program in 20 facilities in Upper Egypt showed that integration of birth spacing messages into antenatal and postpartum care was feasible, acceptable to women and their husbands, and was associated with increased postpartum contraception. This report describes the initial and scale-up phases, their outcomes, challenges, and recommendations for improvement. In addition to successfully scaling up the program, the main achievement was securing the support and investment of senior MoHP officials at the central level, as well as the support and commitment of managers and supervisors at governorate and district levels. The …

Integrating Tuberculosis Case Finding And Treatment Into Postnatal Care, Charity Ndwiga, Harriet Birungi, Chi-Chi Undie, Shiphrah Kuria, Joseph Sitienei, Sam Ochola

Reproductive Health

Under the USAID funded FRONTIERS program, the Population Council conducted a study in six health facilities in Western Kenya that demonstrated that screening for TB within an antenatal care (ANC) setting is feasible and acceptable among the service providers. However, a major challenge remains: although TB detection is encouraged among ANC clients within the maternal and child health clinics in the country, providers in these settings fail to appreciate the need for a continuum of care from pregnancy through to the postnatal period. In order to address this gap, the APHIA II Operations Research Project developed and tested an intervention …

Impact Of Group Medical Visits For Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Theresa Pye

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Diabetes is a condition that is primarily self-managed and lifestyle modifications such as diet, exercise, and weight management are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. Motivation to implement lifestyle modifications through self management is an integral part of disease management and studies have shown group medical visits are more effective than individual appointments in this patient population. The purpose of this project was to develop, implement and evaluate an evidencebased group medical visit program for up to a maximum of 8 adult patients with type 2 diabetes in a family practice setting for six months. Seven participants with abnormal A1C …

Anthropometric Measurements As A Risk For Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy: A Hospital Based Study In South Asian Population, Ferha Saeed, Ahmed Jawad, Asma Azmat, Iqbal Azam Syed, Safdar Kagazwala

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objectives: To determine the relationship between pregnancy induced hypertensive diseases and obesity.

Methods: A retrospective case controlled study was performed at Aga Khan University Hospital including records from July 2000 to June 2005. All women developing hypertension with or without proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy (n = 218) were included. Categories of pregnancy induced hypertensive diseases (PIHD) were defined according to National high blood pressure working group and ACOG committee bulletin. Controls were selected randomly with a ratio of 1:1.7 between cases and controls.

Results: The estimated prevalence of pre-eclampsia in our institution is 1.9%. Earlier reports suggested mostly …

Primary Care Practice Addressing Child Overweight And Obesity: A Survey Of Primary Care Physicians At Four Clinics In Southern Appalachia, Nicole Holt, Karen E. Schetzina, William T. Dalton, Fred Tudiver, Hazel Fulton-Robinson, Tiejian Wu

ETSU Faculty Works

Objective: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in southern Appalachia is among the highest in the United States (US). Primary care providers are in a unique position to address the problem; however, little is known about attitudes and practices in these settings.

Methods: A 61-item healthcare provider questionnaire assessing current practices, attitudes, perceived barriers, and skill levels in managing childhood overweight and obesity was distributed to physicians in four primary care clinics. Questionnaires were obtained from 36 physicians.

Results: Physicians' practices to address childhood overweight and obesity were limited, despite the fact that most physicians shared the attitude that …

Clinical Use Of Probiotics: A Survey Of Physicians’ Beliefs And Practice Patterns, Anastasia Ensminger

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Background: Probiotics have the potential to be used as a preventive agent or adjuvant therapy for various medical conditions, and recent research is beginning to illuminate some of the associated benefits. Some clinicians currently prescribe probiotics in practice. Understanding physicians’ beliefs and practice patterns regarding the use of probiotics will help identify current practices, barriers preventing their acceptance, and the sources of information that impact clinical practice.

Objective: To identify and describe physicians’ beliefs and practice patterns regarding the use of probiotics.

Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was administered to 130 physicians employed by or affiliated with Danville …

What Is The Safety And Efficacy Of Tarenflurbil (R-Flurbiprofen) In Mild To Moderate Alzheimer’S Disease?, Lauren Viscount

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine what is the safety and efficacy of Tarenflurbil (R-flubiprofen) in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s Disease.

Are Proton Pump Inhibitors A Safe And Effective Treatment For Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease In Infants Less Than Twelve Months Old?, Mariah Smith

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not proton pump inhibitors are a safe and effective treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants less than twelve months old.

Does Massage Therapy Promote Weight Gain In Preterm Infants?, Tyler Rychlewski

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not massage therapy promotes weight gain in preterm infants.

Is Iron Sucrose (Venofer) A Safe Treatment For People With Chronic Kidney Disease?, Kait Reid

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine if Iron Sucrose (Venofer) is a safe treatment for people with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Does Dietary Intervention Have An Effect On The Progression And Ultimately The Treatment Of Prostate Cancer?, Jenna M. Lombardi

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not dietary intervention has an effect on the progression and ultimately the treatment of Prostate cancer.

Getting To Know You: Key Clinical Concepts In Relationship-Based Interventions And Neurobehavioral Observations With Young Infants, Yvette Blanchard

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

The newborn infant is a social organism, pre-disposed to interact with his caregiver and able to elicit the kind of caregiving necessary for successful adaptation. The earliest developmental task of the newborn is to organize behavior to be able to play an active role in influencing the caregiving environment and eliciting the kind of support needed for development. This task is accomplished through the attainment of self-regulation or balanced neurobehavioral functioning of the infant's autonomic, motor, state, and responsivity behavioral dimensions as described by Als.

Prenatal Programming Of Human Neurological Function, Curt A. Sandman, Elyssia Poggi Davis, Claudia Buss, Laura M. Glynn

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The human placenta expresses the genes for proopiomelanocortin and the major stress hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), profoundly altering the "fight or flight" stress system in mother and fetus. As pregnancy progresses, the levels of these stress hormones, including maternal cortisol, increase dramatically. These endocrine changes are important for fetal maturation, but if the levels are altered (e.g., in response to stress), they influence (program) the fetal nervous system with long-term consequences. The evidence indicates that fetal exposure to elevated levels of stress hormones (i) delays fetal nervous system maturation, (ii) restricts the neuromuscular development and alters the stress response of …

Suggested Improvements For The Allergenicity Assessment Of Genetically Modified Plants Used In Foods, Richard E. Goodman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Genetically modified (GM) plants are increasingly used for food production and industrial applications. As the global population has surpassed 7 billion and per capita consumption rises, food production is challenged by loss of arable land, changing weather patterns, and evolving plant pests and disease. Previous gains in quantity and quality relied on natural or artificial breeding, random mutagenesis, increased pesticide and fertilizer use, and improved farming techniques, all without a formal safety evaluation. However, the direct introduction of novel genes raised questions regarding safety that are being addressed by an evaluation process that considers potential increases in the allergenicity, toxicity, …