Digital Commons Network^™

Red Meat Consumption And Hypertension: An Updated Review, Tara S Allen, Michael Najem, Alexis C Wood, Danielle J Lee, Lorena S Pacheco, Lori B Daniels, Matthew A Allison

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The global prevalence of HTN and related CVD mortality continues to rise. The development of HTN is influenced by genetic predisposition and modifiable risk factors, including diet. One area of ongoing debate is the relationship between red meat consumption and risk of HTN.

RECENT FINDINGS: Processed red meat has become increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis and morbidity of HTN, though randomized control trials comparing HTN-related outcomes associated with red meat subtypes have yielded heterogenous results. This review summarizes the existing relevant literature and highlights the methodological …

Effect Of Vitamin K Supplementation On Insulin Resistance: A Review, Samantha Mccord, Rebecca Willier, Kaitlyn Kirby, Kaylin Mahoney, Lance Dillon, Rileigh Rahrig, Brianna Lu, Joshua Honaker, Emily Eddy

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Insulin resistance is one of the pathological hallmarks that leads to the development of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Around 40% of people aged 18 to 44 living in the United States have insulin resistance. Recent research, coupled with a better understanding of how vitamin K functions in the body, suggests that this vitamin could potentially help reduce insulin resistance. Vitamin K is not included in the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines for the treatment of insulin resistance, but it has been shown to have some benefits in patients with T2DM. It may also serve as a treatment option for …

A Rare Case Of Adolescent Epiglottitis Secondary To Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Septicemia., Kedar Tilak, Mohamed Aashiq Abdul Ghayum, Douglas Swanson, Rana El Feghaly

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae)is a relatively uncommon pathogen in the pediatric populations, often overshadowed by Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes)in causing diseases such as cellulitis, severe seep tissue necrotizing infections, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. This case report presents the case of a 15-year-old recent immigrant male patient from Egypt who developed an extensive neck infection with complications from S. dysgalactiae septicemia. Initially misdiagnosed as viral pharyngitis, the patient was later admitted with high fevers, dysphagia, and progressive respiratory distress. Imaging revealed widespread inflammatory changes, including cellulitis, epiglottitis, and lymphadenopathy. Despite prompt antibiotic therapy, the patient required …

Antidiabetic Properties Of Prickly Pear (Opuntia Ficus-Indica) Fruit Extract, Kenzy Aidan Joseph Mckay

The Undergraduate Research Journal

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that claims 1.5 million lives annually. Opuntia ficus-indica, commonly known as the prickly pear, has been commonly used in traditional folk medicine for its hypoglycemic properties. It has been claimed that it has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties as well. The plant is native to Mexico and is commonly found in the middle east and India and folk medicine from all of these areas have been using prickly pear medicinally for years. To test these claims an extract of locally sourced Opuntia ficus-indica was prepared using the flesh and seeds of the fruit. The …

The Misalignment Of Incentives In Academic Publishing And Implications For Journal Reform, Jennifer S Trueblood, David B Allison, Sarahanne M Field, Ayelet Fishbach, Stefan D M Gaillard, Gerd Gigerenzer, William R Holmes, Stephan Lewandowsky, Dora Matzke, Mary C Murphy, Sebastian Musslick, Vencislav Popov, Adina L Roskies, Judith Ter Schure, Andrei R Teodorescu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

For most researchers, academic publishing serves two goals that are often misaligned-knowledge dissemination and establishing scientific credentials. While both goals can encourage research with significant depth and scope, the latter can also pressure scholars to maximize publication metrics. Commercial publishing companies have capitalized on the centrality of publishing to the scientific enterprises of knowledge dissemination and academic recognition to extract large profits from academia by leveraging unpaid services from reviewers, creating financial barriers to research dissemination, and imposing substantial fees for open access. We present a set of perspectives exploring alternative models for communicating and disseminating scientific research. Acknowledging that …

Infection-Related Hospitalization And Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Rebecca L Molinsky, Amil Shah, Melana Yuzefpolskaya, Bing Yu, Jeffrey R Misialek, Bruno Bohn, David Vock, Richard Maclehose, Barry A Borlaug, Paolo C Colombo, Chiadi E Ndumele, Junichi Ishigami, Kunihiro Matsushita, Pamela L Lutsey, Ryan T Demmer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The immune response to infections may become dysregulated and promote myocardial damage contributing to heart failure (HF). We examined the relationship between infection-related hospitalization (IRH) and HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, and HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods and results: We studied 14 468 adults aged 45 to 64 years in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study who were HF free at visit 1 (1987-1989). IRH was identified using select International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in hospital discharge records and was treated as a time-varying exposure. HF incidence was defined as the first occurrence …

Neonatal Care In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Fresh Look, Ola D. Saugstad, Joy E. Lawn, Peter Waiswa, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Institute for Global Health and Development

No abstract provided.

Ion Suppression Correction And Normalization For Non-Targeted Metabolomics, Iqbal Mahmud, Bo Wei, Lucas Veillon, Lin Tan, Sara Martinez, Bao Tran, Alexander Raskind, Felice De Jong, Yiwei Liu, Jibin Ding, Yun Xiong, Wai-Kin Chan, Rehan Akbani, John N Weinstein, Chris Beecher, Philip L Lorenzi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Ion suppression is a major problem in mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics; it can dramatically decrease measurement accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. Here we report a method, the IROA TruQuant Workflow, that uses a stable isotope-labeled internal standard (IROA-IS) library plus companion algorithms to: 1) measure and correct for ion suppression, and 2) perform Dual MSTUS normalization of MS metabolomic data. We evaluate the method across ion chromatography (IC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-MS systems in both positive and negative ionization modes, with clean and unclean ion sources, and across different biological matrices. Across the broad range …

Plant-Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Pd-L1 Efficacy By Shaping Human Commensal Microbiota Metabolites, Yun Teng, Chao Luo, Xiaolan Qiu, Jingyao Mu, Mukesh K Sriwastva, Qingbo Xu, Minmin Liu, Xin Hu, Fangyi Xu, Lifeng Zhang, Juw Won Park, Jae Yeon Hwang, Maiying Kong, Zhanxu Liu, Xiang Zhang, Raobo Xu, Jun Yan, Michael L Merchant, Craig J Mcclain, Huang-Ge Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Diet has emerged as a key impact factor for gut microbiota function. However, the complexity of dietary components makes it difficult to predict specific outcomes. Here we investigate the impact of plant-derived nanoparticles (PNP) on gut microbiota and metabolites in context of cancer immunotherapy with the humanized gnotobiotic mouse model. Specifically, we show that ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticle (GELN) preferentially taken up by Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae mediated by digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and glycine, respectively. We further demonstrate that GELN aly-miR159a-3p enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy in melanoma by inhibiting the expression of recipient bacterial phospholipase C (PLC) and increases the accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid …

Dairy Consumption And The Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota In Humans-A Preliminary Investigation, Ellie Chen, Nadim J Ajami, Donna L White, Yanhong Liu, Shawn Gurwara, Kristi Hoffman, David Y Graham, Hashem B El-Serag, Joseph F Petrosino, Li Jiao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Dairy consumption has been associated with various health outcomes that may be mediated by changes in gut microbiota.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between the colonic mucosa-associated gut microbiota and the self-reported intake of total dairy, milk, cheese, and yogurt. A total of 97 colonic mucosal biopsies collected from 34 polyp-free individuals were analyzed. Dairy consumption in the past year was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The 16S rRNA gene V4 region was amplified and sequenced. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) classification was performed using the UPARSE and SILVA databases. OTU diversity and relative abundance were compared …

Spectrum Of Venous Thromboembolism In Adult Patients With Ulcerative Colitis In Pakistan: A Single Center Retrospective Study, Masood Muhammad Karim, , Hafsa Shaikh, Faisal Wasim Ismail

Department of Medicine

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at a 2-8-fold higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) as compared to the general population. Although the exact pathogenesis is unclear, the literature suggests that increased risk of thromboembolic events in such patients occurs as a result of increased coagulation factors, inflammatory cytokines, and reduction in anticoagulants leading to a prothrombotic state.
Aim: To assess the prevalence, risk factors, management, and outcome of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who develop VTE.
Methods: This was a retrospective chart review done in The Gastroenterology Department of The Aga Khan University Hospital. Data was collected from …

Air Pollution Exposures In Early Life And Brain Development In Children (Abc): Protocol For A Pregnancy Cohort Study, Sarah Benki-Nugent, Faridah H. Were, Anne M Riederer, Michael Gatari, Cj Karr, Edmund Yw Seto, Beatrice C. Mutai, Susan Wamithi, Brent R. Collett, John Kinuthia

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Introduction Air pollution is linked with poor neurodevelopment in high-income countries. Comparable data are scant for low-income countries, where exposures are higher. Longitudinal pregnancy cohort studies are optimal for individual exposure assessment during critical windows of brain development and examination of neurodevelopment. This study aims to determine the association between prenatal ambient air pollutant exposure and neurodevelopment in children aged 12, 24 and 36 months through a collaborative, capacity-enriching research partnership.

Methods and analysis This observational cohort study is based in Nairobi, Kenya. Eligibility criteria are singleton pregnancy, no severe pregnancy complications and maternal age 18 to 40 years. At …

Hypoalbuminemia And Postoperative Outcomes Following Major Salivary Gland Resection, Praneet C. Kaki, Aman M. Patel, Jason A. Brant, Steven B. Cannady, Karthik Rajasekaran, Robert M. Brody, Ryan M. Carey

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

OBJECTIVE: Hypoalbuminemia (HA) is a proxy for malnutrition that has been associated with postoperative complications in several surgical subspecialties. This study investigates the association between pre-operative HA and complications following major salivary gland (MSG) resection.

METHODS: Patients undergoing outpatient, elective MSG resection were extracted from the 2005 to 2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographics and comorbidities were compared between HA (preoperative serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL) and non-HA cohorts. To determine associations between albumin status and postoperative complications, univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS: A total of 5774 patients undergoing MSG resection were included, of which 321 (5.6%) had preoperative HA. HA was associated with older age on univariate analysis (65.2 vs. 60.2 years,

CONCLUSION: Preoperative HA may …

Gestational Weight Gain And Increased Risk Of Cesarean Delivery Across Body Mass Index Categories., Pearl A Mcelfish, Britni L Ayers, Nicola L Hawley, Aaron Caldwell, Austin Porter, Michael D Macechko, Donya Watson, Jennifer A Callaghan-Koru, James P Selig, Jennifer A Andersen, Nirvana Manning, Lanita White, Enrique Gomez-Pomar, Clare C Brown

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Unnecessary cesarean delivery can have negative implications for both mothers and infants. In the United States, the proportion of women undergoing cesarean delivery exceeds the acceptable World Health Organization proportion. Reducing cesarean deliveries is a national goal of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Healthy People 2030, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine if excessive gestational weight gain is associated with increased risk of cesarean delivery across multiple body mass index categories.

STUDY DESIGN: Analysis was conducted using vital records data from the National …

The Mitochondria As An Emerging Target Of Self- Renewal In T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Majd Al-Hamaly, Evelyn Winter, Jessica S. Blackburn

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common leukemia in children, with the T-cell subtype (T- ALL) accounting for 15% of those cases. Despite advancements in the treatment of T-ALL, patients still face a dismal prognosis following their first relapse. Relapse can be attributed to the inability of chemotherapy agents to eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSC), which possess self-renewal capabilities and are responsible for the long-term maintenance of the disease. Mitochondria have been recognized as a therapeutic vulnerability for cancer stem cells, including LSCs. Mitocans have shown promise in T-ALL both in vitro and in vivo, with some currently in …

Amputation Eras, Children's Mercy Kansas City

Clinical Pathways

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of The Primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine Against The Risk Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection And Tuberculosis Disease: A Meta-Analysis Of Individual Participant Data, Puck T Pelzer, Logan Stuck, Leonardo Martinez, Alexandra S Richards, Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña, Naomi E Aronson, Maryline Bonnet, Anna C Carvalho, Pei-Chun Chan, Li-Min Huang, Chi-Tai Fang, Gavin Churchyard, Helena Del Corral-Londoño, Manjula Datta, Marcos A Espinal, Katherine Fielding, Andrew J Fiore-Gartland, Alberto Garcia-Basteiro, Willem Hanekom, Mark Hatherill, Phillip C Hill, Helena Huerga, Edward C Jones-López, Afranio Kritski, Anna M Mandalakas, Punam Mangtani, Eduardo Martins Netto, Harriet Mayanja, Rufaida Mazahir, Megan Murray, Molebogeng Rangaka, Thomas Scriba, Jitendra Singh, Sarman Singh, Catherine M Stein, Johan Vekemans, Lilly M Verhagen, Julian A Villalba, Anne Wajja, Basilea Watson, Richard G White, Frank G J Cobelens

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Tuberculosis vaccine trials using disease as the primary endpoint are large, time consuming, and expensive. An earlier immunological measure of the protection against disease would accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. We aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was consistent with that for prevention of tuberculosis disease.

Methods: We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on experimental and observational longitudinal studies before April 6, 2018, identified through systematic reviews, known to us through expert knowledge in the field, reporting on BCG vaccination status, M tuberculosis infection test (QuantiFERON …

In Vitro Hydrolysis Of Areca Nut Xenobiotics In Human Liver, Vincenzo Paolillo, Mahendran Jayakumar, Colton Sheperd, Andrew Tran, Stephanie Hoang, Nhu Dao, Parag Jain, Alan L Myers

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Areca nut (AN) is a substance of abuse consumed by millions worldwide, in spite of established oral and systemic toxicities associated with its use. Previous research demonstrates methyl ester alkaloids in the AN, such as arecoline and guvacoline, exhibit mood-altering and toxicological effects. Nonetheless, their metabolism has not been fully elucidated in humans. In the present study, an HPLC-UV bioanalytical method was developed to evaluate the hydrolytic kinetics and clearance rates of arecoline and guvacoline in human liver microsomes (HLM) and cytosol (HLC). The bioassay was capable of quantifying arecoline and guvacoline (and carboxylate metabolites arecaidine and guvacine, respectively) with …

Association Between Early Immunosuppression Center Variability And One-Year Outcomes After Pediatric Liver Transplant., Vikram K. Raghu, Scott D. Rothenberger, James E. Squires, Elizabeth Eisenberg, Anna L. Peters, Jennifer Halma, Swati Antala, Irini D. Batsis, Ke-You Zhang, Amy G. Feldman, Daniel H. Leung, Steven J. Lobritto, John Bucuvalas, Simon P. Horslen, George V. Mazariegos, Emily R. Perito

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of institutional protocols, liver transplant centers often have variability in early immunosuppression practices. We aimed to measure within-center variability in early immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplant (LT) and examine its association with one-year outcomes.

METHODS: We analyzed pediatric LTs from 2013 to 2018 in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, with data aggregated by center. We categorized induction regimen as corticosteroids only vs. T-cell depleting antibody vs. non-T-cell depleting antibody. Primary exposures were coefficient of immunosuppression variability (CIV) in (1) induction and (2) mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use. Primary outcomes were one-year graft survival, patient survival, …

The Metabolic Basis Of Cancer-Related Fatigue, Robert Dantzer, Brandon Chelette, Elisabeth G Vichaya, A Phillip West, Aaron Grossberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although we are all familiar with the sensation of fatigue, there are still profound divergences on what it represents and its mechanisms. Fatigue can take various forms depending on the condition in which it develops. Cancer-related fatigue is considered a symptom of exhaustion that is often present at the time of diagnosis, increases in intensity during cancer therapy, and does not always recede after completion of treatment. It is usually attributed to the inflammation induced by damage-associated molecular patterns released by tumor cells during cancer progression and in response to its treatment. In this review, we argue that it is …

Adipose Tissue Deficiency Impairs Transient Lipid Accumulation And Delays Liver Regeneration Following Partial Hepatectomy In Male Seipin Knockout Mice, Qianqian Dong, Ziwei Liu, Yidan Ma, Xin Chen, Xiaowei Wang, Jinye Tang, Kexin Ma, Chenxi Liang, Mengyu Wang, Xiaoqin Wu, Yang Liu, Yaru Zhou, Hongyuan Yang, Mingming Gao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Liver diseases pose significant health challenges, underscoring the importance of understanding liver regeneration mechanisms. Systemic adipose tissue is thought to be a primary source of lipids and energy during this process; however, empirical data on the effects of adipose tissue deficiency are limited. This study investigates the role of adipose tissue in liver regeneration, focusing on transient regeneration-associated steatosis (TRAS) and hepatocyte proliferation using a Seipin knockout mouse model that mimics severe human lipodystrophy. Additionally, the study explores therapeutic strategies through adipose tissue transplantation.

Methods: Male Seipin knockout (Seipin-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PHx). Liver …

A Phase 2 Basket Study Of Talabostat, A Small-Molecule Inhibitor Of Dipeptidyl Peptidases, Administered In Combination With Pembrolizumab In Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers, Jibran Ahmed, Filip Janku, Daniel D Karp, Sarina A Piha-Paul, Apostolia M Tsimberidou, Timothy Anthony Yap, Bettzy Stephen, Yali Yang, Serdar Gurses, Qian Liu, Juhee Song, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Aung Naing

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Talabostat, an oral small molecule inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases (DPP4 and DPP8/9), has shown synergistic activity with immune checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical studies. This open label, phase 2 basket trial assessed the antitumor activity of combining talabostat and pembrolizumab (anti-programmed death-1 antibody) in advanced solid tumor patients.

Methods: The primary objective was assessment of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) rates in the first six patients (lead-in stage) and response rate (efficacy stage; included cohort A [checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) naive] and cohort B [ICI pretreated]) for the study treatment using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 and immune RECIST …

Optimizing Care And Maintenance Of Enteric Tubes: Insights Into Percutaneous Radiologically Placed Gastrointestinal Luminal Tubes, Mohammad Mahdi Khavandi, Nariman Nezami, Steven Y Huang, Alda L Tam, Bruno C Odisio, Armeen Mahvash, Mohamed E Abdelsalam, Joshua D Kuban, Rahul A Sheth, Peiman Habibollahi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Percutaneous enteric tubes, including gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, and percutaneous transesophageal gastrostomy, are essential for patients who cannot maintain adequate oral nutrition or require gastric decompression due to conditions like malignant bowel obstruction. Proper care and maintenance are crucial to prevent complications and maintain function. Enteric tubes are inserted using various techniques at different locations based on patient needs and anatomical considerations. Enteric tubes play a vital role in patient care, and continued research and innovation are necessary to improve outcomes and reduce complications. Routine care involves regular flushing and site maintenance to prevent occlusion and infection. While complications are common, they …

A Phase Ib Trial Of Selinexor In Combination With Immune Checkpoint Blockade In Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Omar Alhalabi, Mohamed A Gouda, Denái R Milton, Hassan Ahmed Momin, Bulent Yilmaz, Bettzy Stephen, Chinenye Lynette Ejezie, Justin Tyler Moyers, Serdar A Gurses, Jeffrey How, Siqing Fu, Jordi Rodon, David S Hong, Sarina A Piha-Paul, Vivek Subbiah, Ecaterina Elena Dumbrava, Daniel D Karp, Filip Janku, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Nizar M Tannir, Aung Naing

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Selinexor (SEL) is a nuclear exportin 1 inhibitor that blocks the transport of nuclear proteins, including tumor suppressors, to the cytoplasm. Preclinical data suggest that the combination of SEL with checkpoint blockade may result in improved response to immunotherapy.

Methods: NCT02419495 was a multiarm phase IB study of SEL in combination with other standard regimens in patients with advanced malignancies. Arm M utilized twice weekly oral SEL and intravenous nivolumab (NIVO). Arm N utilized weekly oral SEL with NIVO plus ipilimumab (IPI). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of SEL + NIVO and SEL …

Best Practices For Delivering Neoadjuvant Therapy In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Jordan M Cloyd, Angela Sarna, Matthew J Arango, Susan E Bates, Manoop S Bhutani, Mark Bloomston, Vincent Chung, Efrat Dotan, Cristina R Ferrone, Patricia F Gambino, Ajit H Goenka, Karyn A Goodman, William A Hall, Jin He, Melissa E Hogg, Shiva Jayaraman, Avinash Kambadakone, Matthew H G Katz, Alok A Khorana, Andrew H Ko, Eugene J Koay, David A Kooby, Somashekar G Krishna, Liliana K Larsson, Richard T Lee, Anirban Maitra, Nader N Massarweh, Sameh Mikhail, Mahvish Muzaffar, Eileen M O'Reilly, Manisha Palta, Maria Q B Petzel, Philip A Philip, Marsha Reyngold, Daniel Santa Mina, Davendra P S Sohal, Tilak K Sundaresan, Susan Tsai, Kea L Turner, Timothy J Vreeland, Steve Walston, M Kay Washington, Terence M Williams, Jennifer Y Wo, Rebecca A Snyder

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) is an increasingly used treatment strategy for patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Little research has been conducted on cancer care delivery during NT, and the standards for optimal delivery of NT have not been defined.

Objective: To develop consensus best practices for delivering NT to patients with localized PDAC.

Design, setting, and participants: This study used a modified Delphi approach consisting of 2 rounds of voting, and a series of virtual conferences (from October to December 2023) to reach expert consensus on candidate best practice statements generated from a systematic review of the literature …

Prediction Models Of Basal Energy Expenditure In Children And Adolescents Across The Bmi Spectrum Based On Room Calorimetry: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study, Maurice Puyau, Roman Shypailo, Nancy F Butte, Salma Musaad, Fida Bacha

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Existing equations for prediction of basal energy expenditure (BEE) may not be accurate in children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB).

Objectives: We aimed to develop BEE prediction equations applicable to children and adolescents across a wide BMI spectrum using gold standard room calorimetry.

Methods: We measured weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, body composition (DXA), and BEE (whole room calorimetry) in a cross-sectional cohort of 1155 healthy children, 5-19 years of age. 67% of the males and 51% of the females were classified as OW/OB. We applied multiple linear regression analyses to develop BEE prediction models for each sex. …

Association Between Maternal Stress And Child Sleep Quality: A Nationwide Echo Prospective Cohort Study, Sarah Dee Geiger, Aruna Chandran, Marie L Churchill, Maxwell Mansolf, Cai Zhang, Salma Musaad, Courtney K Blackwell, Stephanie M Eick, Dana E Goin, Susan Korrick, Akram Alshawabkeh, Patricia A Brennan, Carrie V Breton, Jose F Cordero, Sean Deoni, Viren D'Sa, Anne L Dunlop, Amy J Elliott, Assiamira Ferrara, Arlene Keddie, Monique Lebourgeois, Kaja Z Lewinn, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Maristella Lucchini, Sara S Nozadi, Thomas O'Connor, Yeyi Zhu, Emily Zimmerman, Susan L Schantz

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Childhood sleep quality is associated with physical, cognitive, and behavioral health and predicts later sleep quality; it has many determinants, including developmental exposures.

Objectives: To examine associations between maternal stress during pregnancy and childhood sleep quality and determine whether postnatal stress mediates the association.

Method: Data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort were used. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) T-scores were the exposure measure. Outcome measures were preschool Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) sleep syndrome scale and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance Parent Proxy short form 4a (PSD4a) T-scores at ages 4-8 years. Linear mixed-effects regression …

Association Of Serum Endocannabinoid Levels With Pancreatitis And Pancreatitis-Related Pain, Marc T Goodman, Christina Lombardi, Alexa Torrens, Catherine Bresee, Jami L Saloman, Liang Li, Yunlong Yang, William E Fisher, Evan L Fogel, Christopher E Forsmark, Darwin L Conwell, Phil A Hart, Walter G Park, Mark Topazian, Santhi S Vege, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Melena D Bellin, Dana K Andersen, Jose Serrano, Dhiraj Yadav, Stephen J Pandol, Daniele Piomelli

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Serotonin Neurons Integrate Gaba And Dopamine Inputs To Regulate Meal Initiation, Kristine M Conde, Hueyzhong Wong, Shuzheng Fang, Yongxiang Li, Meng Yu, Yue Deng, Qingzhuo Liu, Xing Fang, Mengjie Wang, Yuhan Shi, Olivia Z Ginnard, Yuxue Yang, Longlong Tu, Hesong Liu, Hailan Liu, Na Yin, Jonathan C Bean, Junying Han, Megan E Burt, Sanika V Jossy, Yongjie Yang, Qingchun Tong, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Chunmei Wang, Yang He, Yong Xu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Obesity is a growing global health epidemic with limited orally administered therapeutics. Serotonin (5-HT) is one neurotransmitter which remains an excellent target for new weight-loss therapies, but a gap remains in understanding the mechanisms involved in 5-HT produced in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN) and its involvement in meal initiation. Using an optogenetic feeding paradigm, we showed that the 5-HTDRN→arcuate nucleus (ARH) circuit plays a role in meal initiation. Incorporating electrophysiology and ChannelRhodopsin-2-Assisted Circuit Mapping, we demonstrated that 5-HTDRN neurons receive inhibitory input partially from GABAergic neurons in the DRN, and the 5-HT response can be enhanced by hunger. Additionally, …

Leptin Receptor Neurons In The Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Require Distinct Neuronal Subsets For Thermogenesis And Weight Loss, Marie Francois, Laura Kaiser, Yanlin He, Yong Xu, J Michael Salbaum, Sangho Yu, Christopher D Morrison, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, Heike Münzberg

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) receives inputs from the preoptic area (POA), where ambient temperature mediates physiological adaptations of energy expenditure and food intake. Warm-activated POA neurons suppress energy expenditure via brown adipose tissue (BAT) projecting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus/dorsal hypothalamic area (dDMH/DHA). Our earlier work identified leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing, BAT-projecting dDMH/DHA neurons that mediate metabolic leptin effects. Yet, the neurotransmitter (glutamate or GABA) used by dDMH/DHALepr neurons remains unexplored and was investigated in this study using mice. We report that dDMH/DHALepr neurons represent equally glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Surprisingly, chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic and/or GABAergic dDMH/DHA neurons were capable …