Digital Commons Network^™

Text Messaging In The Patient-Centered Medical Home To Improve Glucose Control And Retinopathy Screening., Janice M Miller, Ann G. Phalen, Albert Crawford, Anthony Frisby, Barry S. Ziring

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a text messaging program (TMP) to improve glucose control, retinopathy screening (RS) rates, and self-care behaviors in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A single-group design with a quasi-systematic random sample (n=20) received educational/exhortational text messages on their cellular phones for 3 months. Subjects, 12 of whom identified as a minority ethnicity, were mostly male, aged 27-73 years.

Results: Glucose control and RS rates improved significantly. Subjects (>70%) reported changes in self-care behaviors.

Conclusion: Leveraging ubiquitous technology, a TMP for patients with limited access to healthcare education, holds promise

Measurement Of Eye Lens Dose In Interventional Radiologist From Tace Procedures Using Osld, Mananchaya Vimolnoch

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

For routine clinical service at Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH), TACE procedure has been one of the high exposure procedures, which result in increasing eye lens dose in interventional radiologists. Thus, radiation dose should be evaluated in interventional radiology staff who may receive high eye lens dose. Currently, there is insufficient information to comply with the ICRP dose limit on the occupation exposure to the eye lens. One of the factors affecting the eye lens dose is the variation in tube directions in the interventional radiology (IR) laboratories. A preliminary study about tube …

Ct Number And Electron Density Relationship For Photon Dose Calculation In Head And Neck, Chest, Spine And Pelvic Regions, Siriporn Wong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

CT images supply the HU information that relates to electron density (ρe). The ρe is important for tissue inhomogeneity correction for accurate dose calculation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric effect on CT images on different kVp setting using single HU-ρe curve. Anthropomorphic phantom was scanned using Siemens-SOMATOM Definition AS with 120 kVp setting and used as a reference image set. The procedures were repeated with DECT option (80/140 kVp), 80 and 140 kVp. The 120 kVp HU-ρe relationship curve from Gammex 467 tissue characterization phantom was created and applied into Eclipse treatment planning system. The …

Radiation Dose And Image Quality In Chest Region Using Single- And Dual-Energy Ct: Phantom Study, Taninchai Jutawiriya

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Chest CT examinations are routinely performed by using single energy protocol (SE). As CT had been evolved by using dual energy protocol (DE), the patients with underlying lung nodules or pulmonary nodules will be followed up by CT examination several times. The purpose of this study is to study the radiation dose and image quality between single-energy CT (SECT) and dual-energy CT (DECT) protocols in chest phantom at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The Lungman Kyoto Kagaku phantom inserted by five simulated lesions of various diameters was scanned by dual-source CT system (Somatom Force, Siemens Healthineers). The acquisition protocols consist of …

Mammary Extracellular Matrix Directs Differentiation Of Testicular And Embryonic Stem Cells To Form Functional Mammary Glands In Vivo, Robert D. Bruno, Jodie M. Fleming, Andrea L. George, Corinne A. Boulanger, Pepper Schedin, Gilbert H. Smith

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

Previously, we demonstrated the ability of the normal mammary microenvironment (niche) to direct non-mammary cells including testicular and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to adopt a mammary epithelial cell (MEC) fate. These studies relied upon the interaction of transplanted normal MECs with non-mammary cells within the mammary fat-pads of recipient mice that had their endogenous epithelium removed. Here, we tested whether acellular mammary extracellular matrix (mECM) preparations are sufficient to direct differentiation of testicular-derived cells and ESCs to form functional mammary epithelial trees in vivo. We found that mECMs isolated from adult mice and rats were sufficient to redirect testicular derived …

Biofunctionalized Capillary Flow Channel Platform Integrated With 3d Nanostructured Matrix To Capture Circulating Tumor Cells, Shashwat Banerjee, Ganesh Khutale, Vrushali Khobragade, Narendra Kale, Milind Pore, Govind Chate, Archana Jalota-Badhwar, Manoj Dongare, Jayant Khandare

Articles

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood account genetic information for cancer diagnosis and overall disease monitoring. Analysis of “liquid biopsy” holds immense promise as it may lead to new approaches for cancer treatment. The study reports effective and continuous flow microchannel system for isolating CTCs using transferrin conjugated 3D matrix synthesized by crosslinking polyethylene glycol-Fe3O4 nanostructures for rapid and efficient capturing of CTCs. The platform provides option of using multiple microchannel units in series that can influence higher cell-capture efficiency due to increasing cell-substrate contact frequency. CTCs are captured with high efficiency even at low concentration of target cells …

Reference Intervals For Thyroid Stimulating Hormone And Free Thyroxine Derived From Neonates Undergoing Routine Screening For Congenital Hypothyroidism At A University Teaching Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study, Geoffrey Omuse, Ali Kassim, Francis Kiigu, Ra'ana Hussain, Mary Limbe

Pathology, East Africa

Background: In order to accurately interpret neonatal thyroid function tests (TFTs), it is necessary to have population specific reference intervals (RIs) as there is significant variation across different populations possibly due to genetic, environmental or analytical issues. Despite the importance of RIs, globally there are very few publications on RIs for neonatal TFTs primarily due to ethical and technical issues surrounding recruitment of neonates for a prospective study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Africa on neonatal RIs for TFTs.

Methods: We used hospital based data largely derived from neonates attending the wellness clinic …

Development Of A Health Care Systems Curriculum., Zachary Pruitt, Rahul Mhaskar, Bryan G. Kane Md, Robert D. Barraco Md, Mph, Deborah J Dewaay, Alexander M. Rosenau Do, Kristin A. Bresnan Md, Marna R. Greenberg Do, Mph, Facep

Department of Emergency Medicine

Background: There is currently no gold standard for delivery of systems-based practice in medical education, and it is challenging to incorporate into medical education. Health systems competence requires physicians to understand patient care within the broader health care system and is vital to improving the quality of care clinicians provide. We describe a health systems curriculum that utilizes problem-based learning across 4 years of systems-based practice medical education at a single institution.

Methods: This case study describes the application of a problem-based learning approach to system-based practice medical education. A series of behavioral statements, called entrustable professional activities, was created …

Anti-Proliferative Role Of Recombinant Lethal Toxin Of Bacillus Anthracis On Primary Mammary Ductal Carcinoma Cells Revealing Its Therapeutic Potential, Rekha Khandia, Bramhadev Pattnaik, Katherikamem Rajukumar, Atul Pateriya, Sandeep Bhatia, Harshad Murugkar, Anil Prakash, Hare Krishna Pradhan, Kildeep Dhama, Ashol Munjal, Sunil K. Joshi

Bioelectrics Publications

Bacillus anthracis secretes three secretary proteins; lethal factor (LF), protective antigen (PA) and edema factor (EF). The LF has ability to check proliferation of mammary tumors, chiefly depending on mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Evaluation of therapeutic potential of recombinant LF (rLF), recombinant PA (rPA) and lethal toxin (rLF + rPA = LeTx) on the primary mammary ductal carcinoma cells revealed significant (p < 0.01) reduction in proliferation of tumor cells with mean inhibition indices of 28.0 ±1.37% and 19.6 ± 1.47% respectively. However, treatment with rPA alone had no significant anti-proliferative effect as evident by low mean inhibition index of 3.4 ± 3.87%. The higher inhibition index observed for rLF alone as compared to LeTx is contrary to the existing knowledge on LF, which explains the requirement of PA dependent endocytosis for its enzymatic activity. Therefore, the plausible existence of PA independent mode of action of LF including direct receptor mediated endocytosis or modulation of signal transduction cascade via unknown means is hypothesized. In silico protein docking analysis of other cellular receptors for any plausibility to play the role of receptor for LF revealed c-Met receptor showing strongest affinity for LF (H bond = 19; Free energy = …

Anaesthesia Error In United States: Reasons For Mismanagement, Abby Wolfe, Anh Nguyen, Ashleigh Galles, Madison Wolfe, Ben Lundberg

Posters and Presentations: College of Public Health

A poster from the UNMC Undergraduate Public Health Workshop

Role Of Mhealth Applications For Improving Antenatal And Postnatal Care In Low And Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Anam Shahil Feroz, Shagufta Perveen, Wafa Aftab

Community Health Sciences

Background: From 1990 to 2015, the number of maternal deaths globally has dropped by 43%. Despite this, progress in attaining MDG 5 is not remarkable in LMICs. Only 52% of pregnant women in LMICs obtain WHO recommended minimum of four antenatal consultations and the coverage of postnatal care is relatively poor. In recent years, the increased cellphone penetration has brought the potential for mHealth to improve preventive maternal healthcare services. The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of mHealth solutions on a range of maternal health outcomes by categorizing the interventions according to the types of mHealth …

Predictors Of Modern Contraceptive Usage Among Women In Rural Pakistan: Physical Access To Services Stills A Major Barrier, Sumera Aziz Ali, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Background: The predictors of contraceptive use may vary in urban and rural areas. Studies have largely focused on the factors predicting contraceptive usage in urban areas. We studied the predictors of contraceptives in one of the rural districts of Pakistan.
Methods: A nested case-control design was used on The Global Network’s Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) in district Thatta Pakistan between June 2011 to July 2012. Pregnant women before their index pregnancy, who did not use (n = 200 cases) and those used any modern contraceptive method (n = 600 controls), were compared. Logistic regression was used to as certain …

Investigating The Practice And Capacity Of Paediatric Occupational Therapists To Promote The Physical Activity Levels Of Children In Western Australia, Sally Coombs

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Reorientation of the Australian health care system to meet the increasing burden of disease requires health workers to develop a focus on disease prevention and health promotion. In Western Australia (WA) a priority area for the promotion of health involves increasing the physical activity levels (PAL) of children in accordance with Australia’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines. There is substantial support in the literature for paediatric occupational therapists, who assist children to participate in a range of meaningful occupations, to incorporate the promotion of children’s PAL into their service. However, there is a dearth of research world-wide regarding occupational …

Bowled Over By Cricket: Impact Of Tape-Ball Injuries On The Eyes, Salman Naveed Sadiq, Azam Ali, Bushra Usmani, Khabir Ahmed

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The aim of this study was to describe the type and severity of tape-ball cricket-related eye injuries seen at a tertiary care hospital.

DESIGN:

A descriptive case series.

METHODS:

This study included all cases of tape-ball cricket-related eye injuries presenting to the Section of Ophthalmology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2014 to January 2015.

RESULTS:

A total of 20 patients with tape-ball cricket-related eye injuries were treated during this period. The right eye was involved in most (14/20) of the cases. The commonest presenting symptoms included reduced/blurred vision, ocular pain, redness, and floaters. Sixty percent (12/20) …

Effect Of Pulse Shaping On Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation In Vitro And In Vivo., Ipshita Gupta, John R. Eisenbrey, Maria Stanczak, Anush Sridharan, Jaydev K. Dave, Ji-Bin Liu, Christopher Hazard, Xinghua Wang, Ping Wang, Huiwen Li, Kirk Wallace, Flemming Forsberg

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Subharmonic imaging (SHI) is a technique that uses the nonlinear oscillations of microbubbles when exposed to ultrasound at high pressures transmitting at the fundamental frequency ie, f

METHODS: Eight waveforms with different envelopes were optimized with respect to acoustic power at which the SHAPE study is most sensitive. The study was run with four input transmit cycles, first in vitro and then in vivo in three canines to select the waveform that achieved the best sensitivity for detecting changes in portal pressures using SHAPE. A Logiq 9 scanner with a 4C curvi-linear array was used to acquire 2.5 MHz …

Should School Boards Discontinue Support For High School Football?, Lewis H. Margolis, Greg Canty, Mark Halstead, John Lantos

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

A pediatrician is asked by her local school board to help them decide whether to discontinue their high school football program. She reviews the available evidence on the risks of football and finds it hopelessly contradictory. Some scholars claim that football is clearly more dangerous than other sports. Others suggest that the risks of football are comparable to other sports, such as lacrosse, ice hockey, or soccer. She finds very little data on the long-term sequelae of concussions. She sees claims that good coaching and a school culture that prioritizes the health of athletes over winning can reduce morbidity from …

Prevalence And Determinants Of Unintended Pregnancies Amongst Women Attending Antenatal Clinics In Pakistan, Atif Habib, Camille Raynes- Greenow, Sidrah Nausheen, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Muhammad Sajid, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Kirsten I Black

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Unintended pregnancies are a global public health concern and contribute significantly to adverse maternal and neonatal health, social and economic outcomes and increase the risks of maternal deaths and neonatal mortality. In countries like Pakistan where data for the unintended pregnancies is scarce, studies are required to estimate its accurate prevalence and predictors using more specific tools such as the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancies (LMUP).
Methods: We conducted a hospital based cross sectional survey in two tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. We used a pre tested structured questionnaire to collect the data on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive …

Community Engagement And Integrated Health And Polio Immunisation Campaigns In Conflict-Affected Areas Of Pakistan: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, Atif Habib, Sajid Soofi, Simon Cousens, Saeed Anwar, Najib Ulhaque, Imran Ahmed, Noshad Ali, Rehman Tahir, Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Pakistan faces huge challenges in eradicating polio due to widespread poliovirus transmission and security challenges. Innovative interventions are urgently needed to strengthen community buy-in, to increase the coverage of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and other routine immunisations, and to enhance immunity through the introduction of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in combination with OPV. We aimed to evaluate the acceptability and effect on immunisation coverage of an integrated strategy for community engagement and maternal and child health immunisation campaigns in insecure and conflict-affected polio-endemic districts of Pakistan.
Methods: We did a community-based three-arm cluster randomised trial in healthy children …

Mass Deworming To Improve Developmental Health And Wellbeing Of Children In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis, Vivian A. Welch, Elizabeth Ghogomu, Alomgir Hossain,, Shally Awasthi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Chisa Cumberbatch, Robert Fletcher, Jessie Mcgowan, Shari Krishnaratne, Elizabeth Kristjansson

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis, considered among the neglected tropical diseases by WHO, affect more than a third of the world’s population, with varying intensity of infection. We aimed to evaluate the eff ects of mass deworming for soil-transmitted helminths (with or without deworming for schistosomiasis or cointerventions) on growth, educational achievement, cognition, school attendance, quality of life, and adverse effects in children in endemic helminth areas.

Methods: We searched 11 databases up to Jan 14, 2016, websites and trial registers, contacted authors, and reviewed reference lists. We included studies published in any language of children aged 6 months to …

Influence Of Dual Process Decision-Making Theory In Patients Diagnosed With Cancer, Bonnie D. Quinonez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Each year millions of people face the medical decision-making cycle that comes with a diagnosis of cancer. For patients and their families, this can be a rollercoaster of confusion and fear. Researchers have indicated that the complexity of the decision-making process is underrepresented in the current approach of informed decision-making. The purpose of this study was to add to scientifically-validated research expanding the identification of factors that influence decision-making for individuals diagnosed with cancer. Fuzzy trace theory (FTT) is the dual process memory theory used as the framework for this study. Qualitative data were collected using semistructured interviews with 10 …

Concussion Knowledge Of Missoula Youth Hockey Participants And Their Parents, Samantha Riordan

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Abstract:

Background: The Dylan Steigers Protection of Youth Athletes Act (DSPYAA) was passed by Montana legislature in 2013 which calls for mandatory concussion education of coaches, parents, and athletes. This law only applies to school sponsored sports, excluding those involved in youth sports organizations (YSO), such as youth hockey.

Hypothesis: Participating youth athletes and parents will not be able to identify signs and symptoms of a concussion and will not be able to identify future consequences of a poorly managed concussion.

Study Design: Cross sectional survey. Level of Evidence: Level 4

Methods: A descriptive questionnaire, Concussion Knowledge in Youth Sports …

Concussion Policy Development At The Ymca Of Missoula, Keith Forkin

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This professional paper addresses the implementation of concussion policy for the YMCA of Missoula. Specifically, evaluating concussion policy throughout the United States and determining key aspects of implementation. Evaluating the role of all people who that are influenced by concussion policy is imperative to developing a sound policy. Athletes, parents, coaches and health care providers each play essential roles when considering the effectiveness of policy implementation. While exploring varying concussion policies and research, this professional paper recognizes each of these essential aspects and incorporates them into the final Concussion Policy by the YMCA of Missoula.

Physical Activity And Survival Among Long-Term Cancer Survivor And Non-Cancer Cohorts, Anthony Gunnell, Sarah Joyce, Stephania Tomlin, Dennis Taaffe, Prue Cormie, Robert Newton, David Joseph, Nigel Spry, Kristjana Einarsdottir, Daniel A. Galvao

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Evidence suggests physical activity improves prognosis following cancer diagnosis; however, evidence regarding prognosis in long-term survivors of cancer is scarce. We assessed physical activity in 1,589 cancer survivors at an average 8.8 years following their initial diagnosis and calculated their future mortality risk following physical activity assessment. We also selected a cancer-free cohort of 3,145 age, sex, and survey year group-matched cancer-free individuals from the same source population for comparison purposes. Risks for cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality in relation to physical activity levels were estimated using Cox regression proportional hazard regression analyses within the cancer and non-cancer cohorts. Physical …

Population-Based Cohort Study In Outcome Of Phased Progression Of Atherosclerosis In China (Persuade): Objective, Rationale And Design, Dong-Kai Shan, Yong Zhou, You-Xin Wang, Xiang Gao, Wei Wang, Jun-Jie Yang, Yun-Dai Chen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The coronary artery calcification score and pericardial fat volume have recently been reported to be strongly associated with the severity and presence of coronary atherosclerosis. However, no studies have explored the outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis by non-contrast computed tomography in asymptomatic people in China. The population-based cohort study in outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis in China (PERSUADE), an observational, longitudinal and prospective cohort study in a target population of healthy subjects based in Jidong Oilfield (China), prospectively analyzes the outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis by non-contrast computed tomography in healthy population. The results of this study …

Effectiveness Of Hydrotherapy As An Adjunct Treatment For The Management Of Breast Cancer Related Lymphoedema In Women Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review, Eleanor Bills, Matthew Delsar, Steven O'Donnell, Alexandra Rice, Cory Stone, Saravana Kumar

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Cancer is a leading cause of death and disability around the world. Of all cancers, breast cancer commonly ranks amongst the top three. Surgical intervention for breast cancer is common and a possible side effect of this is breast cancer related lymphoedema (BCRL). Women with breast cancer related lymphoedema commonly have regional limb swelling and pain, which can negatively impact mental and social well-being as well as upper limb function. Hydrotherapy is therapeutic modality which may be used as an adjunct to self-management strategies after the intensive phase of lymphoedema management. Yet despite its popularity, recent research has questioned its …

How Burroughs Plays With The Brain, Or Ritornellos As A Means To Produce Déjà-Vu, Antonio José Bonome

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In his article "How Burroughs Plays with the Brain, or Ritornellos as a Means to Produce Déjà-Vu" Antonio José Bonome discusses how the recurrence and significance of one of William S. Burroughs's most potent refrains, "dim jerky faraway," was inspired by its source text, Paul Bowles's second novel Let It Come Down (1952), where Tangiers-Interzone fuels the unwholesome descent of a US-American expatriate not unlike Bowles or Burroughs himself. "Dim jerky faraway" was used by Burroughs during more than two decades in different contexts, and its textual variations have sparked a mélange of colors, sounds, smells, and feelings oscillating in …

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Acquired Hemophilia A (Aha) With Bullous Pemphigoid, Rasco Sandy Sihombing, Henry Ratno Diono Silalahi, Hamzah Shatri, Lugyanti Sukrisman, Ikhwan Rinaldi, Findy Prasetyawati, Endy Novianto, Em Yunir

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Vamorolone, A Dissociative Steroidal Compound, Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression In Glioma Cells And Increases Activity And Survival In A Murine Model Of Cortical Tumor., Elizabeth Wells, Madhuri Kambhampati, Jesse M Damsker, Heather Gordish-Dressman, Sridevi Yadavilli, Oren J Becher, Jamila Gittens, Mojca Stampar, Roger J. Packer, Javad Nazarian

Genomics and Precision Medicine Faculty Publications

Corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, are routinely used as palliative care in neuro-oncology for their anti-inflammatory benefits, however many patients experience dose limiting side effects caused by glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-mediated transcription. The purpose of this study was to use a murine model to investigate a new steroid alternative, vamorolone, which promises to reduce side effects through dissociating GRE-mediated transcription and NF-κB -mediated anti-inflammatory actions. To compare vamorolone to dexamethasone in reducing pro-inflammatory signals in vitro, murine glioma cells were treated with dexamethasone, vamorolone or vehicle control. Changes in mRNA expression were assessed using the nanostring inflammatory platform. Furthermore, drug …

A Neuronal Network Of Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulates Metastasis., M. Cecilia Caino, Jae Ho Seo, Angeline Aguinaldo, Eric Wait, Kelly G. Bryant, Andrew V. Kossenkov, James E. Hayden, Valentina Vaira, Annamaria Morotti, Stefano Ferrero, Silvano Bosari, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Lucia R. Languino, Andrew R. Cohen, Dario C. Altieri

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The role of mitochondria in cancer is controversial. Using a genome-wide shRNA screen, we now show that tumours reprogram a network of mitochondrial dynamics operative in neurons, including syntaphilin (SNPH), kinesin KIF5B and GTPase Miro1/2 to localize mitochondria to the cortical cytoskeleton and power the membrane machinery of cell movements. When expressed in tumours, SNPH inhibits the speed and distance travelled by individual mitochondria, suppresses organelle dynamics, and blocks chemotaxis and metastasis, in vivo. Tumour progression in humans is associated with downregulation or loss of SNPH, which correlates with shortened patient survival, increased mitochondrial trafficking to the cortical cytoskeleton, greater …

Simplified Antibiotic Regimens For Treatment Of Clinical Severe Infection In The Outpatient Setting When Referral Is Not Possible For Young Infants In Pakistan (Simplified Antibiotic Therapy Trial [Satt]): A Randomised, Open-Label, Equivalence Trial, Fatima Mir, Imran Nisar, Shiyam S. Tikmani, Benazir Baloch, Sadia Shakoor, Fyezah Jehan, Imran Ahmed, Simon Cousens, Anita K M Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Parenteral antibiotic therapy for young infants (aged 0–59 days) with suspected sepsis is sometimes not available or feasible in countries with high neonatal mortality. Outpatient treatment could save lives in such settings. We aimed to assess the equivalence of two simplified antibiotic regimens, comprising fewer injections and oral rather than parenteral administration, compared with a reference treatment for young infants with clinical severe infection.
Methods: We undertook the Simplified Antibiotic Therapy Trial (SATT), a three-arm, randomised, open-label, equivalence trial in five communities in Karachi, Pakistan. We enrolled young infants (aged 0–59 days) who either presented at a primary health-care …