Digital Commons Network^™

Ehd1 As A Positive Regulator Of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor, Luke R. Cypher

Theses & Dissertations

The master regulator of the macrophage development, differentiation, proliferation, survival, phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, motility, adhesion, migration, and spreading is the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R). Aberrant CSF-1R signaling is present amongst a variety of highly prevalent and devastating human diseases in the United States such as atherosclerosis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and neuro-demyelination/neuro-degeneration. A better understanding of basic mechanisms that govern macrophage development and function is of vital importance in treating patients afflicted with these conditions/diseases. CSF-1R presentation on the macrophage cell surface is a required precursor for CSF1- induced RTK dimerization (activation) and downstream …

The Role Of Glutaminase And Extracellular Vesicles In Macrophages And Microglia, Beiqing Wu

Theses & Dissertations

Glutamate serves as a crucial excitatory neurotransmitter that is essential for the proper functioning of the brain. However, excess levels of glutamate are neurotoxic and contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, inducing HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) is an important mitochondrial enzyme responsible for producing glutamate from glutamine. GLS1 is upregulated during HAND and released from mitochondria to cytosol and extracellular space. However, why and how GLS1 is released remains unknown. In chapter II, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry GLS1 as cargos from cytosol to extracellular space during HIV infection and innate immune …

Abstracts From The 22nd Annual Health Care Systems Research Network Conference, April 13–16, 2016, Atlanta, Georgia

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This proceedings supplement includes selected abstracts presented at the 22nd annual conference of the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN), held April 13–16, 2016, in Atlanta, Georgia. The HCSRN connects the resources and capabilities of research departments from its member health care systems. Collectively, the organization represents more than 1,900 scientists and research staff from an array of disciplines such as epidemiology, economics, disparities, outcomes and quality assessment, trials and genomics.

Inactivation Of Type I Ifn Jak-Stat Pathway In Ebv Latency, Shunbin Ning, Ling Wang

ETSU Faculty Works

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) latent infection is associated with a variety of lymphomas and carcinomas. Interferon (IFN) Regulatory Factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors, among which IRF7 is the “master” regulator of type I IFNs (IFN-I) that defends against invading viruses. Robust IFN-I responses require a positive feedback loop between IRF7 and IFN-I. In recent years, we have discovered that IRF7 is significantly induced and activated by the principal EBV oncoprotein--Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1); however, IRF7 fails to trigger robust IFN-I responses in EBV latency. We believe this intriguing finding is critical for EBV latency and oncogenesis, yet …

Surveillance, Epidemiological, And Virological Detection Of Highly Pathogenic H5n1 Avian Influenza Viruses In Duck And Poultry From Bangladesh, Wahedul Karim Ansari, Md Safiullah Parvej, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Sally Jackson, Stephen A. Bustin, Adel K. Ibrahim, Md Tanvir Rahman, Han Zhang, Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan, Md Mostakin Ahamd, Md. Fasiur Rahman, Marzia Rahman, Khm Nazmul H. Nazir, Sultan Ahmed, Md Liakot Hossenn, Md Abdul Kafi, Mat Yamage, Nitish C. Debnath, Graba Ahmed, Hossam Ashour, Md Masoud, Ayman Noreddin, Md B. Rahman

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to pose a global threat. Waterfowl are the main reservoir and are responsible for the spillover of AIVs to other hosts. This study was conducted as part of routine surveillance activities in Bangladesh and it reports on the serological and molecular detection of H5N1 AIV subtype. A total of 2169 cloacal and 2191 oropharyngeal swabs as well as 1725 sera samples were collected from live birds including duck and chicken in different locations in Bangladesh between the years of 2013 and 2014. Samples were tested using virus isolation, serological tests and molecular methods of RT-PCR. …

Hepatic Fibrosis And Immune Phenotype Vary By Hcv Viremia In Hcv/Hiv Co-Infected Subjects: A Women's Interagency Hiv Study., Seema N Desai, Jennifer L Dodge, Alan L Landay, Marshall J Glesby, Patricia S. Latham, Maria C Villacres, Audrey L French, Stephen J Gange, Ruth M Greenblatt, Marion G Peters

Pathology Faculty Publications

HCV and HIV independently lead to immune dysregulation. The mechanisms leading to advanced liver disease progression in HCV/HIV coinfected subjects remain unclear.

In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the association of HCV viremia, liver fibrosis, and immune response patterns in well-characterized HIV phenotypes: Elite controllers (Elites), HIV controlled (ARTc), and HIV uncontrolled (ARTuc) matched by age and race. Groups were stratified by HCV RNA status. Regulatory T-cell frequencies, T-cell activation (HLADR+CD38+), apoptosis (Caspase-3+), and intracellular cytokines (interferon-γ, IL-2, IL-17) were assessed using multiparametric flow-cytometry. Liver fibrosis was scored by AST to platelet ratio index (APRI).

We found liver fibrosis (APRI) …

The Interactive Effects Of Pesticide Exposure And Infectious Disease On Amphibian Hosts, Katherine M. Pochini

Open Access Theses

Natural systems are home to a multitude of natural and anthropogenic stressors, which draw an array of effects on ecological communities. While these effects have been investigated individually, it is important, given the routine co-occurrence of these stressors, to understand their interactive effects. Pesticide exposure and infectious disease are two common, co-occurring stressors that each have documented detrimental effects on species and, as evidence suggests, may have interactive effects. Moreover, existing research suggests that these interactive effects are highly context dependent, eliciting different results based on species, disease agent, toxin, and environment. Given the variability with which species may experience …

A Case Of Pituitary Abscess Presenting Without A Source Of Infection Or Prior Pituitary Pathology, Derick Adams, Philip A. Kern

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Pituitary abscess is a relatively uncommon cause of pituitary hormone deficiencies and/or a suprasellar mass. Risk factors for pituitary abscess include prior surgery, irradiation and/or pathology of the suprasellar region as well as underlying infections. We present the case of a 22-year-old female presenting with a spontaneous pituitary abscess in the absence of risk factors described previously. Her initial presentation included headache, bitemporal hemianopia, polyuria, polydipsia and amenorrhoea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her pituitary showed a suprasellar mass. As the patient did not have any risk factors for pituitary abscess or symptoms of infection, the diagnosis was not suspected …

Frequency And Outcome Of Meningitis In Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Of Pakistan, Amna Jawaid, Surriya Bano, Anwarul Haque, Khubaib Arif

Department of Emergency Medicine

Meningitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in intensive care settings. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and outcome in children with meningitis through a retrospective chart review done in pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital from January 2000 to December 2014. During these 14 years, 64 patients were admitted with meningitis in pediatric intensive care unit. Out of 64, 36 were diagnosed with pyogenic meningitis, 18 patients with viral meningitis, and 10 with tuberculous meningitis. Most complications were observed in the initial 48 hours. Most common presentation was altered …

Mucosal Vaccination By Adenoviruses Displaying Reovirus Sigma 1, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Matthew L. Hillestad, Catherine M. Crosby, Mallory A. Turner, Adam J. Guenzel, Hind J. Fadel, George T. Mercier, Michael A. Barry

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We previously developed adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors displaying the sigma 1 protein from reovirus as mucosal vaccines. Ad5-sigma retargets to JAM-1 and sialic acid, but had 40-fold reduced gene delivery when compared to Ad5. While weaker at transduction, Ad5-sigma generated stronger T cell responses than Ad5 when used for mucosal immunization. New Ad5-fiber-sigma vectors were generated here by varying the number of fiber β-spiral shaft repeats (R) fused between fiber tail and the sigma. Ad5 virions encoding R3, R14, and R20 chimeras were rescued. Increasing chimera length led to their decreasing encapsidation of these proteins in the virions. Ad5-R3 …

Effects Of Tcpb Mutations On Biogenesis And Function Of The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus, The Type Ivb Pilus Of Vibrio Cholerae, Yang Gao, Caitlyn A. Hauke, Jarrad M. Marles, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the acute intestinal disorder cholera. The toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), a type IVb pilus, is an essential virulence factor of V. cholerae. Recent work has shown TcpB is a large minor pilin encoded within the tcp operon. TcpB contributes to efficient pilus formation and is essential for all TCP functions. Here we have initiated a detailed, targeted mutagenesis approach to further characterize this salient TCP component. We have identified (thus far) 20 residues of TcpB, which affect either the steady state level of TcpB or alter one or more TCP functions. This study …

Inspiring Health Worker Motivation With Supportive Supervision: A Survey Of Lady Health Supervisor Motivating Factors In Rural Pakistan, Fauziah Rabbani, Leah Shipton, Wafa Aftab, Kashif Sangrasi, Shagufta Perveen, Aysha Zahidie

Community Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:

Community health worker motivation is an important consideration for improving performance and addressing maternal, newborn, and child health in low and middle-income countries. Therefore, identifying health system interventions that address motivating factors in resource-strained settings is essential. This study is part of a larger implementation research project called Nigraan, which is intervening on supportive supervision in the Lady Health Worker Programme to improve community case management of pneumonia and diarrhea in rural Pakistan. This study explored the motivation of Lady Health Supervisors, a cadre of community health workers, with particular attention to their views on supportive supervision.

METHODS:

Twenty-nine …

A Comparison Of Imaging Modalities For The Diagnosis Of Osteomyelitis, Brandon J. Smith, Md, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Osteomyelitis is an increasingly common pathology that often poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to preventing complications that can result in the loss of life or limb. In addition to history, physical exam, and laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging plays an essential role in the diagnostic process. This narrative review article discusses various imaging modalities employed to diagnose osteomyelitis: plain films, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET). Articles were obtained from Pubmed and screened for relevance to the topic of diagnostic imaging for osteomyelitis. The authors …

Sarcoidosis Activates Diverse Transcriptional Programs In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells., Sina A. Gharib, Anagha Malur, Isham Huizar, Barbara P. Barna, Mani S. Kavuru, Lynn M. Schnapp, Mary Jane Thomassen

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem immuno-inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that most commonly involves the lungs. We hypothesized that an unbiased approach to identify pathways activated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells can shed light on the pathogenesis of this complex disease.

METHODS: We recruited 15 patients with various stages of sarcoidosis and 12 healthy controls. All subjects underwent bronchoscopy with lavage. For each subject, total RNA was extracted from BAL cells and hybridized to an Affymetrix U133A microarray. Rigorous statistical methods were applied to identify differential gene expression between subjects with sarcoidosis vs.

CONTROLS: To better elucidate pathways differentially activated …

What's New In Musculoskeletal Infection: Update On Biofilms., Arvind Nana, Sandra B Nelson, Alex Mclaren, Antonia F. Chen, Md, Mba

Rothman Institute Papers

No abstract provided.

Two Cases Of Vibrio Infection And Sepsis In The Delaware Estuary, René Daniel, Md, Joseph Yoo, Md, Roberto Fratamico, Md, Robert Measley, Md

The Medicine Forum

INTRODUCTION

Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative motile rods. Several species are pathogenic, including Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The interest in this genus is due to its extreme virulence and often fatal outcomes. In healthy patients, these infections are typically self-limited; however, in immunocompromised and cirrhotic patients, infections can result in bacteremia, which has a high fatality rate1. Both pathogens may cause acute gastroenteritis, necrotizing wound infections, and if severe, subsequent bacteremia. In this report, we present two cases of Vibrio infections recently identified in the Delaware River Estuary that resulted in severe sepsis and, in one case, death.

Unexplained Recurrent Fevers And The Importance Of Inquiring About Occupation: A Case Report, Zachary Reese, Ms4, Poonam Maru, Do

The Medicine Forum

INTRODUCTION

Many different tick-borne diseases are identified in various geographical areas throughout the United States. Ixodes scapularis tick-borne diseases can present unique diagnostic challenges because of their constellation of vague symptoms. The Ixodes scapularis tick, more commonly known as the blacklegged tick, is responsible for three specific tick-borne infections: Lyme disease (Borellia burgdorferii), Babesiosis (Babesia microti), and Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) also known as human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Although these three tick-borne diseases are characteristically found in the New England area, the geographical distribution of the Ixodes tick has expanded to encompass much of the northeastern United States and even states in …

Table Of Contents

The Medicine Forum

Table of Contents The Medicine Forum

The Journal of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

Department of Internal Medicine

Volume 17, 2015-2016

Oral Cryptococcosis In A Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Sachin Patel, Maria Navas, Courtney Batt, Robin L.P. Jump

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Global Assessment Of Schistosomiasis Control Over The Past Century Shows Targeting The Snail Intermediate Host Works Best., Susanne H Sokolow, Chelsea L Wood, Isabel J Jones, Scott J Swartz, Melina Lopez, Michael H. Hsieh, Kevin D Lafferty, Armand M Kuris, Chloe Rickards, Giulio A De Leo

Urology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite control efforts, human schistosomiasis remains prevalent throughout Africa, Asia, and South America. The global schistosomiasis burden has changed little since the new anthelmintic drug, praziquantel, promised widespread control.

METHODOLOGY: We evaluated large-scale schistosomiasis control attempts over the past century and across the globe by identifying factors that predict control program success: snail control (e.g., molluscicides or biological control), mass drug administrations (MDA) with praziquantel, or a combined strategy using both. For data, we compiled historical information on control tactics and their quantitative outcomes for all 83 countries and territories in which: (i) schistosomiasis was allegedly endemic during the …

Com Outlook Summer-Fall 2016, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Multisite Evaluation Of Cepheid Xpert Carba-R Assay For Detection Of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms In Rectal Swabs., M Tato, P Ruiz-Garbajosa, R Humphries, J Hindler, J Veltman, H Wang, R Cantón

NYMC Student Publications

Rapid identification of patients who are colonized with carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) is included in multiple national guidelines for containment of these organisms. In a multisite study, we evaluated the performance of the Cepheid Xpert Carba-R assay, a qualitative diagnostic test that was designed for the rapid detection and differentiation of the blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, and blaIMP-1 genes from rectal swab specimens. A double rectal swab set was collected from 383 patients admitted at four institutions (2 in the United States, 1 in the United Kingdom, 1 in Spain). One swab was used for reference culture (MacConkey broth containing 1 …

Three-Dimensional Printing And Nanotechnology For Enhanced Implantable Materials, Karthik Kumar Tappa

Doctoral Dissertations

Orthopedic and oro-maxillofacial implants have revolutionized treatment of bone diseases and fractures. Currently available metallic implants have been in clinical use for more than 40 years and have proved medically efficacious. However, several drawbacks remain, such as excessive stiffness, accumulation of metal ions in surrounding tissue, growth restriction, required removal/revision surgery, inability to carry drugs, and susceptibility to infection. The need for additional revision surgery increases financial costs and prolongs recovery time for patients. These metallic implants are bulk manufactured and often do not meet patient's requirements. A surgeon must machine (cut, weld, trim or drill holes) them in order …

Oncolog, Volume 61, Number 07, July 2016, Bryan Tutt, Sarah Bronson, Laura Russell

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Improving Rates of Vaccination after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Patients who have undergone a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for a hematological cancer usually lose the immunity they had acquired through vaccination. Although guidelines exist for vaccinating immunocompromised transplant recipients, many patients go unvaccinated or do not complete the series of vaccinations. An ongoing initiative at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is using a multipronged approach to improve rates of vaccination after HSCT.
• Bone Loss Prevention in Patients with Cancer: Patients undergoing cancer treatment are at an increased risk of fractures because many cancer therapies tend to …

Acute Post-Disaster Medical Needs Of Patients With Diabetes: Emergency Department Use In New York City By Diabetic Adults After Hurricane Sandy., David C. Lee, Vibha K. Gupta, Brendan G. Carr, Sidrah Malik, Brandy Ferguson, Stephen P. Wall, Silas W. Smith, Lewis R. Goldfrank

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute impact of disasters on diabetic patients, we performed a geospatial analysis of emergency department (ED) use by New York City diabetic adults in the week after Hurricane Sandy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using an all-payer claims database, we retrospectively analyzed the demographics, insurance status, and medical comorbidities of post-disaster ED patients with diabetes who lived in the most geographically vulnerable areas. We compared the patterns of ED use among diabetic adults in the first week after Hurricane Sandy's landfall to utilization before the disaster in 2012.

RESULTS: In the highest level evacuation zone in New …

The Role Of Dermoscopy In Non-Pigmented Skin Disorders, Hafiza Fathan, Wresti Indriatmi, Rahadi Rihatmadja, Inge Ade Krisanti

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

The use of dermoscopy in non-pigmented skin disorders includes dermoscopy as a diagnostic tool for non- pigmented skin tumors, inflammatory diseases (inflammoscopy) and/or infectious disease (entomodermoscopy), lesions on nail fold and as a tool to monitor skin reaction as a response to treatment and/or side effect. The diagnosis becomes easier, faster and less expensive with dermoscopy without the need for invasive procedures. Knowledge on vascular pattern and its architectural arrangement; which is coupled with additional dermoscopic features, can aid clinicians to the diagnosis. Dermatoscopy can also predict, monitor and evaluate therapeutical response and/or side effect of skin disorders. Nonetheless, dermoscopy …

Cyclic Di-Gmp-Regulated Periplasmic Proteolysis Of A Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Type Vb Secretion System Substrate, Richard B. Cooley, T. Jarrod Smith, Wilfred Leung, Valerie Tierney, Bradley Borlee, George A. O'Toole, Holger Sondermann

Dartmouth Scholarship

We previously identified a second-messenger-regulated signaling system in the environmental bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens which controls biofilm formation in response to levels of environmental inorganic phosphate. This system contains the transmembrane cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) receptor LapD and the periplasmic protease LapG. LapD regulates LapG and controls the ability of this protease to process a large cell surface adhesin protein, LapA. While LapDG orthologs can be identified in diverse

Expansion Of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Promotes Differentiation Of Regulatory T Cells In Hiv-1+ Individuals, Ling Wang, Juan Zhao, Junping P. Ren, Xiao Y. Wu, Zheng D. Morrison, Mohamed A. El Gazzar, Shunbin Ning, Jonathan P. Moorman, Zhi Q. Yao

ETSU Faculty Works

Objective: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to HIV-1 disease progression by impairing antiviral immunity; however, the precise mechanisms responsible for the development of Tregs in the setting of HIV-1 infection are incompletely understood.

Design: In this study, we provide evidence that HIV-induced expansion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) promote the differentiation of Foxp3+ Tregs.

Methods: We measured MDSC induction and cytokine expression by flow cytometry and analyzed their functions by coculturing experiments.

Results: We observed a dramatic increase in M-MDSC frequencies in the peripheral blood of HIV-1 seropositive (HIV-1+) individuals, even in those on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viremia, …

Increasing Hiv-1 Pretreatment Drug Resistance Among Antiretroviral-Naïve Adults Initiating Treatment Between 2006 And 2014 In Nairobi, Kenya, Michael Chung, Silverman Rachel, Beck Ingrid, Yatich Nelly, Dross Sandra, Jennifer Mckernan-Mullin, Stephen Bii, Kenneth Tapia, Joshua Stern, Chohan Bhavna, Samah R. Sakr, James N. Kiarie

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Antiretroviral-naïve adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Nairobi, Kenya were tested for HIV-1 drug resistance at codons K103N, Y181C, G190A, M184V, and K65R using an oligonucleotide ligation assay. Prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance increased from 3.89% in 2006 to 10.93% in 2014 (P < 0.001), and 95% of those with resistance had at least one nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutation. Resistance to tenofovir (K65R) was found in 2014 but not in 2006.

Comprehensive Refugee Health Surveillance In Philadelphia: A Combined Resettlement And Clinical Patient Registry, Colleen Payton, Mph, Ches, Brittany Divito, Mph, Bsn, Rn, Gretchen Shanfeld, Mph, Zoe Agoos, Md, Kevin Scott, Md, Marc Altshuler, Md

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

Oral presentation at the 6^th Annual North American Refugee Health Conference, Niagara Falls, New York.

Goal:

To improve the success of refugee resettlement and health outcomes in Philadelphia by establishing a multi-agency registry with social services and clinical measures.