Digital Commons Network^™

Edwardsiella Tarda Infection Triggering Acute Relapse In Pediatric Crohn’S Disease, A K Li, M Barton, J A Delport, D Ashok

Paediatrics Publications

Crohn's disease exacerbations can often be associated with bacterial infections causing gastroenteritis. We report a child who experienced exacerbation of his Crohn's disease associated with a positive stool culture for

Dose Dispensing Tool For Pediatric Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Miza Mwanza, Ebony N. Smith, Jamie H. Au, Wei Wei Buchsteiner

ENGS 89/90 Reports

There are no current second-line antibiotics for children with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB). Current methods to treat pediatric MDR TB consist of splitting up adult formulated pills in accordance to the WHO’s recommended dosages, which depend on the weight and age of the child. This process is very inconsistent, tedious, and time consuming when using the state-of-the-art tools (kitchen knives, standard pill cutters). Under the sponsorship of Health Advocacy Innovations (HAI), we developed a mechanical tool that makes ingesting pills for child patients more convenient, consistent, and swift. Our dose-dispensing tool cuts pills into quarters, stores 30 pills, dispenses …

Multiple Sclerosis In Pakistan And Need For Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Haris Majid Rajput, Mohammad Wasay, Mazhar Badshah, Muhammad Hassan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is an acquired chronic demyelinating disease of central nervous system is a leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young with significant socioeconomic impact. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of all available data of MS in Pakistan.

Dengue Fever Presenting As Quadriparesis Due To Hypokalaemia: A Rare Presentation, Syed Muhammad Zubair, Syed Ahsan Ali, Saira Furqan

Section of Internal Medicine

Dengue is one of the leading causes of arthropod borne viral haemorrhagic fever. Majority of the times, it clinically manifests as fever, arthralgia and rash; however, we present a case of a young man who presented with progressively increasing weakness of all four limbs. Initial investigations showed low potassium, hence he was managed as hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. With initial history of fever and low platelets, dengue was suspected. Dengue antibody was checked which came out to be positive. Potassium was replaced which led to improvement in power of his limbs. He was discharged in a stable condition with a diagnosis …

Effect Of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine On The Incidence Of Radiologically-Confirmed Pneumonia And Clinically-Defined Pneumonia In Kenyan Children: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis, Micah Silaba, Michael Ooko, Christian Bottomley, Joyce Sande, Rachel Benamore, Kate Park, James Ignas, Kathryn Maitland, Neema Mturi, Anne Makumi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) are highly protective against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes, but the burden of pneumococcal disease in low-income and middle-income countries is dominated by pneumonia, most of which is non-bacteraemic. We examined the effect of 10-valent PCV on the incidence of pneumonia in Kenya.

Methods: We linked prospective hospital surveillance for clinically-defined WHO severe or very severe pneumonia at Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, from 2002 to 2015, to population surveillance at Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System, comprising 45000 children younger than 5 years. Chest radiographs were read according to a WHO standard. A …

Survival Probability In Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia Using The Competitive Risk Statistical Model., Emilia Matos Do Nascimento, Clarisse Lopes De Castro Lobo, Basilio De Bragança Pereira, Samir K. Ballas

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

The clinical picture of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is associated with several complications some of which could be fatal. The objective of this study is to analyze the causes of death and the effect of sex and age on survival of Brazilian patients with SCA. Data of patients with SCA who were seen and followed at HEMORIO for 15 years were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Statistical modeling was performed using survival analysis in the presence of competing risks estimating the covariate effects on a sub-distribution hazard function. Eight models were implemented, one for each cause of death. The …

Neutralizing Antibody Against Enterovirus D68 In Children And Adults Before 2014 Outbreak, Kansas City, Missouri, Usa, Christopher J. Harrison, William C. Weldon, Barbara A. Pahud, Mary Anne Jackson, M. Steven Oberste, Rangaraj Selvarangan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

© 2019, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved. We evaluated enterovirus D68 seroprevalence in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, from samples obtained during 2012-2013. Neutralizing antibodies against Fermon and the dominant 2014 Missouri isolate were universally detected. Titers increased with age. Widespread circulation of enterovirus D68 occurred before the 2014 outbreak. Research is needed to determine a surrogate of protection.

Early Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation And Infant Mortality: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Of Randomised Controlled Trials, Rajiv Bahl, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Biannual vitamin A supplementation is a well-established survival tool for preschool children 6 months and older in vitamin A deficient populations but this schedule misses the opportunity to intervene on most young infant deaths. Randomised trials of neonatal vitamin A supplementation (NVAS) in the first few days of life to assess its impact on under 6-month mortality in low/middle-income countries have had varying results.
Methods: Investigators of 11 published randomised placebo-controlled NVAS trials (n=163 567 children) reanalysed their data according to an agreed plan and pooled the primary outcomes of mortality from supplementation through 6 and 12 months of …

Effect Of Conditioning Regimen Dose Reduction In Obese Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation., Claudio G. Brunstein, Marcelo C. Pasquini, Soyoung Kim, Mingwei Fei, Kehinde Adekola, Ibrahim A. Ahmed, Mahmoud Aljurf, Vaibhav Agrawal, Jeffrey J. Auletta, Minoo Battiwalla, Nelli Bejanyan, Joseph Bubalo, Jan Cerny, Lynette Chee, Stefan O. Ciurea, Cesar Freytes, Shahinaz M. Gadalla, Robert Peter Gale, Siddhartha Ganguly, Shahrukh K. Hashmi, Peiman Hematti, Gerhard Hildebrandt, Leona A. Holmberg, Oscar B. Lahoud, Heather Landau, Hillard M. Lazarus, Marcos De Lima, Vikram Mathews, Richard Maziarz, Taiga Nishihori, Maxim Norkin, Richard Olsson, Ran Reshef, Seth Rotz, Bipin Savani, Harry C. Schouten, Sachiko Seo, Baldeep M. Wirk, Jean Yared, Shin Mineishi, John Rogosheske, Miguel-Angel Perales

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Data are limited on whether to adjust high-dose chemotherapy before autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (autoHCT) in obese patients. This study explores the effects of dose adjustment on the outcomes of obese patients, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Dose adjustment was defined as a reduction in standard dosing ≥20%, based on ideal, reported dosing and actual weights. We included 2 groups of US patients who had received autoHCT between 2008 and 2014. Specifically, we included patients with multiple myeloma (MM, n = 1696) treated with high-dose melphalan and patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphomas (n = 781) …

Effectiveness Of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Vaccine-Type Invasive Pneumococcal Disease In Pakistan, Atif Riaz, Syed Mohiuddin, Sara Husain, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Muhammad Sajid, Furqan Kabir, Najeeb Rehman, Waseem Mirza, Basit Salam, Naila Naila, Khatidja Pardhan, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Syed Asad Ali

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae post introduction of the vaccine into the routine immunization program in Pakistan.
Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted at 16 hospitals in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Children aged (eligible to receive PCV10) who presented with radiographically confirmed pneumonia and/or meningitis were enrolled as cases. PCR for the lytA gene was conducted on blood (for radiographic pneumonia) and cerebrospinal fluid (for meningitis) samples to detect S. pneumoniae. The proportion of IPD due to vaccine serotypes (including vaccine-related serogroups) …

The Utility Of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (Ngal) As A Marker Of Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) In Critically Ill Patients, Shabnum Khawaja, Lena Jafri, Imran Siddiqui, Madiha Hashmi, Farooq Ghani

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

In current clinical practice, Serum Creatinine (SCr) is a commonly used marker for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Unfortunately, due to a delayed increase in SCr, it is unable to accurately estimate the timing of the injury. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) to predict AKI in critically ill adult patients. The study was conducted at the Section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology& Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with Department of Anesthesiology, at Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Subjects in the age groups of18 to …

Toxoplasma Gondii Igg Associations With Sleepwake Problems, Sleep Duration And Timing, Celine C. Corona, Ma Zhang, Abhishek Wadhawan, Melanie L. Daue, Maureen W. Groer, Aline Dagang, Christopher A. Lowry, Kathleen A. Ryan, Andrew J. Hoisington, John W. Stiller, Dietmar Fuchs, Braxton D. Mitchell, Teodor T. Postolache

Faculty Publications

Background: Evidence links Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a neurotropic parasite, with schizophrenia, mood disorders and suicidal behavior, all of which are associated and exacerbated by disrupted sleep. Moreover, low-grade immune activation and dopaminergic overstimulation, which are consequences of T. gondii infection, could alter sleep patterns and duration. Methods: Sleep data on 833 Amish participants [mean age (SD) = 44.28 (16.99) years; 59.06% women] were obtained via self-reported questionnaires that assessed sleep problems, duration and timing. T. gondii IgG was measured with ELISA. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions and linear mixed models, with adjustment for age, sex and family …

Diagnostic Dilemma Of Disseminated Histoplasmosis Mimicking Hemophagocytosis Lymphohistiocytosis In Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis On Anti-Tnf Therapy: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Saurav Suman, Aleksander Lenert

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have become the cornerstone for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic autoimmune conditions. However, these biologic DMARDs can lead to various opportunistic infections such as viral infection, tuberculosis, and histoplasmosis. Furthermore, these biologics can also cause severe systemic inflammatory reactions known as hemophagocytosis lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) that can lead to multiorgan failure and high mortality. Due to overlapping clinical features and time-intensive microbiological culture methods, distinguishing between HLH and opportunistic infections can be challenging early in the disease course. We present a similar situation with our patient where the patient met the diagnostic criteria …

Yap1-Lats2 Feedback Loop Dictates Senescent Or Malignant Cell Fate To Maintain Tissue Homeostasis, Chunbo He, Xiangmin Lv, Cong Huang, Guohua Hua, Bowen Ma, Xingcheng Chen, Peter C. Angeletti, Jixin Dong, Jin Zhou, Zhengfeng Wang, Bo R. Rueda, John S. Davis, Cheng Wang

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Dysfunction of the homeostasis-maintaining systems in specific cell types or tissues renders the organism susceptible to a range of diseases, including cancers. One of the emerging mechanisms for maintaining tissue homeostasis is cellular senescence. Here, we report that the Hippo pathway plays a critical role in controlling the fate of ovarian cells. Hyperactivation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), the major effector of the Hippo pathway, induces senescence in cultured primary human ovarian surface epithelial cells (hOSEs). Large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2), the primary upstream negative regulator of YAP1, is elevated in both YAP1-induced and natural replicative-triggered senescence. Deletion of LATS2 …

Early Dexamethasone Administration In Adults With Suspected Meningitis Lowers Morbidity And Mortality, Dana Siegel

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of de Gans J, van de Beek D, Investigators EDiABMS. Dexamethasone in adults with bacterial meningitis. New Eng J Med. 2002;347(20):1549-1556. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa021334.

Finding The 'Qr' To Patient Safety: Applying Gamification To Incorporate Patient Safety Priorities Through A Simulated 'Escape Room' Experience., Xiao Chi Zhang, Gretchen Diemer, Hyunjoo Lee, Rebecca Jaffe, Dimitrios Papanagnou

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Medical errors are the eighth leading cause of mortality in the United States and contribute to over one million preventable injuries. In an effort to prevent medical errors, reporting systems serve as invaluable tools to detect patient safety events and quality problems longitudinally. Historically, trainees (i.e., students and residents) rarely submit incident reports for encountered patient safety threats. The authors propose an immersive learning experience utilizing gamification theory and leveraging the increasingly popular ‘escape room’ to help resident trainees identify reportable patient safety priorities. All 130 incoming intern physicians at the Thomas Jefferson University (Jefferson) were enrolled in the Patient …

Correction To: Nasopharyngeal Carriage Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae In Children Under 5 Years Of Age Before Introduction Of Pneumococcal Vaccine (Pcv10) In Urban And Rural Districts In Pakistan, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Kanwal Nayani, Tauseef Akhund, Atif Riaz, Omar Irfan, Sadia Shakoor, Sehrish Muneer, Sana Muslim, Aneeta Hotwani, Furqan Kabir, Cynthia Whitney, Lindsay Kim, Velusamy Srinivasan, Syed Asad Ali, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Fyezah Jehan

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Severity Of Disease And Mortality For Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Viral Pneumonia Compared To Patients With Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, Richard Y. Kim, Thomas Chandler, Stephen P. Furmanek, Timothy Lee Wiemken, Rodrigo Cavallazzi

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: There exists a large body of literature to help identify, diagnose, treat, and manage community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite this, there is little data that directly compares the clinical syndromes and complications of pure bacterial pneumonia to pure viral pneumonia. Our study compares the clinical presentation, morbidity and mortality of viral vs. bacterial etiologies of CAP.

Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) international study database. Data was collected concerning patient demographics, physical examination findings, laboratory findings, radiological findings, severity of illness, and clinical outcomes and stratified according to the two study groups, CAVP …

Inflammatory Arthritis And Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Diagnostic And Management Challenge For Knee Arthroplasty In Endemic Areas, Obada Hasan, Riaz Hussain Lakhdawala, Vickash Kumar, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Shahryar Noordin

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Tuberculosis continues to be one of the most challenging health problems more prevalent in developing countries. Pakistan ranks 5th in tuberculosis prevalence among the high-burden countries. Prosthetic joint infection of the knee by acid fast bacilli is a rare and distressing complication, occurring in nearly 1% of primary joint arthroplasties requiring prolonged medical treatment and multiple surgeries. A recent publication extensively reviewed English literature from 1952 to 2016, and repor ted only 64 prosthetic joint infec tion with tuberculosis, of which 27 cases involved the knee. Tuberculosis is a global health problem adding to the challenges that arthroplasty surgeons face …

Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, And Dasabuvir With Or Without Ribavirin In Patients With Kidney Disease., David E Bernstein, Albert Tran, Paul Martin, Kris V Kowdley, Marc Bourliere, Mark S Sulkowski, Paul J Pockros, Boris Renjifo, Deli Wang, Diana L Shuster, Daniel E Cohen, Ira M Jacobson

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Introduction: Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a high-priority population for treatment.

Methods: We performed a

Results: SVR12 rates in patients with stage 1, 2, and 3 CKD were 97% (439/453), 98% (536/547), and 97% (32/33), respectively, with OBV/PTV/r + DSV; and, 96% (1172/1221), 96% (1208/1254), and 93% (55/59), respectively, with OBV/PTV/r + DSV + RBV. Overall rates of serious AEs and renal AEs were 3% (95/3567) and 2% (56/3567), respectively. Factors associated with an eGFR increase of ≥10 ml/min per 1.73 m

Conclusion: OBV/PTV/r + DSV ± RBV achieved high SVR rates …

Candidemia Following Ureteric Stent Placement In A Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Canagliflozin, Rishi Raj, Jon Hendrie, Aasems Jacob, Derick Adams

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

A 38-year-old female patient with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with canagliflozin underwent ureteral stent placement for obstructive renal calculi. Ten days following ureteroscopy and ureteral stenting, she developed fevers and blood cultures grew Candida glabrata (C. glabrata). The patient was successfully treated with an extended course of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungal agents. The clinical presentation of candidemia is indistinguishable from bacteremia resulting in delay in diagnosis and treatment. Candiduria is commonly seen in patients with type 2 diabetes, however it rarely leads to candidemia in an otherwise healthy person following a relatively simple urologic procedure. Sodium-glucose …

Retracted: The Epidemiology Of Stroke In A Developing Country (Pakistan), M Ishaq Khan, Junaid I. Khan, Sheikh I. Ahmed, Sajjad Ali

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Retraction Notice

Khan MI, Khan JI, Ahmed SI, Ali S. The epidemiology of stroke in a developing country (Pakistan).

Pak J Neurol Sci. 2018;13(3):30-44.

A reader brought to our attention that the article titled “The epidemiology of stroke in a developing country (Pakistan)”, published in Volume 13, Issue 3, of Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS) was a redundant (duplicate) publication. We investigated this complaint and found out that prior to its submission to PJNS on February 11 2018, this article had already been published almost verbatim in Journal of Neurology & Stroke on January 23, 2018.

Reference of the …

Comparison Of Compliance With Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Aged 18 And Above In Arkansas And The United States, Sarah N. O'Connor, Jun Tao, L. Joseph Su

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: Cervical cancer preys on women without access to preventative screening. Any woman who has developed an invasive case of cervical cancer should be regarded as a failure of screening. Disparities in access to screening, triage, and treatment fuel an uneven distribution in the burden of cervical cancer within the United States; weighing unusually heavy on the Southern States like Arkansas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate demographic and behavioral risk factors for cervical cancer and identify potential barriers which may influence the likelihood of complying with current Pap test recommendations on a state level, in Arkansas, and …

Integrating Nutrition Into Health Systems: What The Evidence Advocates, Rehana Salam, Jai K. Das, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

There is considerable evidence of positive health and nutrition outcomes resulting from integrating nutrition-specific interventions into health systems; however, current knowledge on establishing and sustaining effective integration of nutrition into health systems is limited. The objective of this review is to map the existing types of integration platforms and review the evidence on integrated health and nutrition programmes' impacts on specific nutrition outcomes. A literature search was conducted, and integrated nutrition programmes were examined through the lens of the six World Health Organization (WHO) building blocks, including the demand side. Forty-five studies were included in this review, outlining the integration …

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Provides Effective Salvage Despite Refractory Disease Or Failed Prior Autologous Transplant In Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma: A Cibmtr Analysis, Narendranath Epperla, Kwang W. Ahn, Carlos Litovich, Sairah Ahmed, Minoo Battiwalla, Jonathon B. Cohen, Parastoo Dahi, Nosha Farhadfar, Umar Farooq, Cesar O. Freytes, Nilanjan Ghosh, Bradley Haverkos, Alex Herrera, Mark Hertzberg, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, David Inwards, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Farhad Khimani, Hillard Lazarus, Aleksandr Lazaryan, Lazaros Lekakis, Hemant Murthy, Sunita Nathan, Taiga Nishihori, Attaphol Pawarode, Tim Prestidge, Praveen Ramakrishnan, Andrew R. Rezvani, Rizwan Romee, Nirav N. Shah

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: There is a paucity of data on the role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Using the CIBMTR registry, we report here the outcomes of AITL patients undergoing an allo-HCT.

Methods: We evaluated 249 adult AITL patients who received their first allo-HCT during 2000–2016.

Results: The median patient age was 56 years (range = 21–77). Majority of the patients were Caucasians (86%), with a male predominance (60%). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was predominantly calcineurin inhibitor-based approaches while the most common graft source was peripheral blood (97%). Median follow-up of survivors was 49 …

Csf Inflammatory Markers Differ In Gram-Positive Versus Gram-Negative Shunt Infections., Gwenn L. Skar, David C. Synhorst, Matthew Beaver, Jessica N. Snowden

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement is frequently complicated by bacterial infection. Shunt infection diagnosis relies on bacterial culture of CSF which can often produce false-negative results. Negative cultures present a conundrum for physicians as they are left to rely on other CSF indices, which can be unremarkable. New methods are needed to swiftly and accurately diagnose shunt infections. CSF chemokines and cytokines may prove useful as diagnostic biomarkers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of systemic and CSF biomarkers for identification of CSF shunt infection.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of children with …

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Physician Assistants' Perspectives, Understandings, And Ethical Considerations, Sarah K. Barnes, Samantha J. Caron, Claire E. Johnson

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While factors contributing to rates of approval and disapproval of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) have been studied at length, the perspective of Physician Assistants’ (PA) approval and disapproval of PGD has not been studied, nor the common reasons why PAs approve or disapprove of PGD. The first goal of this study was to identify approval and disapproval rates of PGD amongst PAs. The next goal was to identify common reasons PAs approve or disapprove of PGD utilization. Members of the California Academy of Physician Assistants [CAPA (CA)] and Kansas Academy of Physician Assistants [KAPA (KS)] completed an adapted, electronic survey …

A Qualitative Examination Of Vaccine Hesitancy Among Mothers, Alicia L. Benner, Annie Vasterling, Teia Wolter

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Vaccine hesitancy describes the reluctance to vaccinate or the delay of vaccines (World Health Organization [WHO], 2017a). Various factors contribute to vaccine hesitancy for patients (Salmon, Dudley, Glanz, & Somer, 2015), and multiple sources are used by patients to gain vaccine information (Salmon et al., 2015), making it difficult for healthcare providers to address vaccine hesitancy. This research was conducted to identify factors that cause mothers to be vaccine hesitant and information sources used to support the mothers’ vaccination beliefs. Phone interviews were conducted with twelve vaccine hesitant mothers. Participants were asked if the following factors contributed to their vaccine …

An Overview Of Diabetes And Community Health Concerns In Guatemala, Jennifer A. Davidson, Halie M. Higgins, Alex Krona, Danny R. Luna

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a worldwide epidemic in recent years. Rates of this disease continue to rise annually. While many countries have adequate access to prevent and treat T2DM, developing countries often lack education and resources to combat the diabetes epidemic. This shortcoming results in alarming rates of uncontrolled T2DM cases among individuals in developing countries, namely, Guatemala. Additionally, the lack of resources in Guatemala results in a myriad of other health disparities beyond T2DM including deficiencies in sanitation and adequate nutrition. This community service project specifically aims to address the disproportionate burden of T2DM, sanitation, …

Smoking In The Homeless Population: Implementation Of A Smoking Cessation Program At The Union Gospel Mission Men’S Campus In St. Paul, Minnesota, Benjamin James Hageman, Chandler R. Hutton, Matthew Schull, Nathaniel Van Loon

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The health consequences of smoking disproportionately impact the homeless population. The homeless population has a higher rate of smoking (70%) than the general population (21%) and has a 5-fold decrease in smoking cessation success rates (Baggett & Rigotti, 2010). However, the percentage of homeless smokers who wish to quite is comparable with non-homeless populations (84% to 82% respectively) (Baggett, Lebrun-Harris, & Rigotti, 2013). The purpose of this community service project was to alleviate some of the smoking cessation barriers that homeless populations face, allowing them to pursue better health and greater independence. By partnering with the homeless shelter, Union Gospel …