Digital Commons Network^™

Gene Expression Profiling Revealed Novel Mechanism Of Action Of Taxotere And Furtulon In Prostate Cancer Cells, Yiwei Li, Maha Hussain, Sarah H. Sarkar, James Eliason, Ran Li, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Both Taxotere and Capecitabine have shown anti-cancer activity against various cancers including prostate cancer. In combination, Taxotere plus Capecitabine has demonstrated higher anti-cancer activity in advanced breast cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of Taxotere and Capecitabine have not been fully elucidated in prostate cancer.

Methods

The total RNA from PC3 and LNCaP prostate cells untreated and treated with 2 nM Taxotere, 110 μM Furtulon (active metabolite of Capecitabine), or 1 nM Taxotere plus 50 μM Furtulon for 6, 36, and 72 hours, was subjected to Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array analysis. Real-time PCR and Western Blot …

Childhood Cancer Among Arab Americans In Southeast Michigan, Hadi Sawaf, Adonis Lorenzana, George Dombi, Merlin Hamre, Kendra Schwartz

FMPHS Faculty Publications

Cancer is relatively rare among children, yet it remains an important public concern. Childhood cancer ranks second as a cause of death after accidents. Population-based data such as Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute create an opportunity to study the effect of ethnic background on the incidence and mortality of cancer. Studies on migrants have been widely used to infer the relative importance of environmental factors versus inherited factors and have proved valuable in developing population-specific interventions. Unfortunately, information on cancer occurrence among Arab Americans is lacking because of incomplete reporting of nationality and …

Ceftriaxone Or Hiv Associated Angio-Oedema? Case Report, William Macharia, C. Mbaabu, L. Wachira, S.O.M. Muhudhia, G. Moniz

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Angio-oedema may be hereditary or acquired and is characterised by episodes of potentially life threatening localised tissue oedema and swelling resulting from deficiency of compliment pathway C1 esterase inhibitor. Acquired angio-oedema is about ten times less frequent than the hereditary type and has been associated with immune-deficiency disorders, malignancies and exposure to specific medications and food substances. We present a case of seven year old, human immune-deficiency virus positive girl, who developed gross swelling of the tongue and neck while on treatment for pneumococcal meningitis with ceftriaxone. Difficulties in arriving at a definitive diagnosis of angio-oedema in a resource poor …

Prevalence Of Obesity And Lack Of Physical Activity Among Kentucky Adolescents, Hatim A. Omar, Kristin Rager

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Lack of physical activity and overweight status continues to be a significant health problem in the United States. To assess the actual prevalence of these problems, we reviewed data from the School-based Health Promotion Centers in one middle school, and one High school in central Kentucky. A total of 232 6th graders and 607 9th graders were included. A total of 92% of 6th graders and 45% of 9th graders reported complete lack of regular exercise. 37% of 9th graders and 59% of 6th graders had inappropriate nutrition, 47% of 9th graders and 33% of 6th graders had Body Mass …

A Comparison Of Esomeprazole And Lansoprazole For Control Of Intragastric Ph In Patients With Symptoms Of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease, D. A. Johnson, T. Stacy, M. Ryan, T. Wootton, J. Willia, K. Hornbuckle, W. Brooks, M. Doviak

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Background: Intragastric acid suppression is the most direct measure of the pharmacodynamic efficacy of proton pump inhibitors, which are the most effective drugs for acid-related diseases.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of once and twice daily dosing of lansoprazole and esomeprazole in controlling intragastric acidity ( target gastric pH > 4.0) over a 24-hour period.

Methods: In an open-label, two-way crossover study, 45 Helicobacter pylori-negative patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were randomized to receive one of two regimens: 30 mg lansoprazole or esomeprazole 40 mg once daily. Intragastric pH was assessed by 24-hour pH monitoring on day 5 of each regimen. …

Continuity Of Patient Care Among Family Practice Patients At A Teaching Hospital, Waris Qidwai, J Rehman, M Khan, Iqbal Azam

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Life Style Related Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Waris Qidwai, Ar Mangi, R Bux

Department of Family Medicine

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality all over the world. It is important to study life style related, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among patients, in order to devise preventive strategies.
METHODS: We surveyed family practice patients visiting the out-patient clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. The interview was questionnaire-based and recorded the demographic profile of the patients, in addition to information on life style related cardiovascular risk factors. The ethical requirements for the study were met. SPSS computer software was used for data management. RESULTS: Fifty patients were surveyed and included …

Characteristics Of Smokers And Their Knowledge About Smoking At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Waris Qidwai, N Zahid

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To study the characteristics of smokers and their knowledge about smoking, among Family Practice Patients, at a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Main outcome measures: Age at starting smoking, duration and number of cigarettes smoked, started smoking under influence of friends, colleagues, family members or self motivation, number of friends and colleagues who smoked, whether smoking is unhealthy, and actual chance of harm to an individual due to smoking is very rare or not.
Results: One hundred patients who visited Family Practice Center were interviewed. Sixty one percent were young married men, well educated and either student, …

Primaquine-Induced Hemolytic Anemia: Hemotoxicity Of 5-Hydroxyprimaquine (5-Hpq), Zachary Scott Bowman

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Primaquine is an important antimalarial agent because of its activity against exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium sp. Methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia, however, are dose-limiting side effects of primaquine therapy. These hemotoxic effects are believed to be mediated by metabolites, though the identity of the toxic specie(s) and the mechanism underlying hemotoxicity have remained unclear. Previous studies showed that an N-hydroxylated metabolite of primaquine, 6-methoxy-8- hydroxylaminoquinoline, was capable of mediating primaquine-induced hemotoxicity. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the hemolytic mechanism of 5-hydroxyprimaquine (5-HPQ), a phenolic metabolite that has been detected in experimental animals. 5-HPQ was synthesized, isolated by flash chromatography …

Childhood And Adolescent Obesity: Nationwide Pediatric Healthcare Provider Practices And Their Role In Treatment And Prevention Of The Obesity Epidemic, Alison Farley

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

The purpose of this research is to explore screening and treatment patterns as well as the underlying provider confidence in their decision-making related to the overweight and obese child and adolescent patient. The screening and treatment of obesity in the child and adolescent population are affected by complex social implications and physical side effects. Without a clear consensus on screening, diagnosis and alternative treatment plans, healthcare providers will not maximize the opportunity to provide primary and secondary prevention to the growing epidemic.

Statistical analysis of secondary survey data was conducted to explore screening and treatment patterns as well as the …

A Systematic Review Of Existing National Priorities For Child Health Research In Sub-Saharan Africa, George Swingler, James Irlam, William Macharia, Felix Tietche, Martin Meremikwu

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: We systematically reviewed existing national child health research priorities in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the processes used to determine them.

Methods: Collaborators from a purposive sample of 20 WHO-AFRO Region countries, assisted by key informants from a range of governmental, non-governmental, research and funding organisations and universities, identified and located potentially eligible prioritisation documents. Included documents were those published between 1990 and 2002 from national or nationally accredited institutions describing national health research priorities for child health, alone or as part of a broader report in which children were a clearly identifiable group. Laboratory, clinical, public health and policy research …

Kutibu Majeraha, Kutia Matumaini: Ushirikiano Wa Watanzania Dhidi Ya Fistula Obstetrikia, Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Erica Chong

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité describes a partnership formed to combat obstetric fistula in Tanzania. The Bugando Medical Center, the Women’s Dignity Project, the Tanzania Midwives Association, and the government cooperated on an extensive program for surgical repair, prevention, and policy research and activities. Lessons learned: 1) Fistula programs need to address social as well as medical issues. 2) Most repairs are successful, making an enormous difference in women’s lives. 3) Relatively little funding is necessary to start up a fistula program. 4) Fistula programs are vehicles for broader conversations about gender and poverty.

Characterization Of The Zona Incerta, Heather Joyce Green

Theses and Dissertations

Parkinson's Disease affects more than 1 million people in the United States with 60,000 new cases being diagnosed each year. Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson's Disease, but there are several treatment options available. Currently the most popular surgical option is Deep Brain Stimulation. Microelectrode recording helps identify nuclei as the microelectrode passes through them. While the firing frequencies of the target nuclei are well defined, other nuclei are not. This study will attempt to characterize the Zona Incerta, which is the structure directly above the Subthalamic Nucleus, a target nucleus. Characterization of the firing frequency of the Zona …

Predicting Postoperative Cardio-Pulmonary Complications By A Test Of Stair Climbing, Nawal Salahuddin, Saulat H. Fatimi, Shehzad Huda, Mohammad Islam, Azam Shafquat

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a test of stair climbing ability could be used to predict the risk of developing postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in patients undergoing general anesthesia.
DESIGN: Cohort study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. The duration of the study was from December 2003 to December 2004. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was carried out on consecutive, adult patients presenting for elective thoracic or abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. Pre-operatively, patients were asked to climb a standard staircase. Number of steps climbed was recorded. Those unable to climb stairs due to debilitating …

Identifying Inaccuracies On Emergency Medicine Residency Applications., Eric D Katz, Lee Shockley, Lawrence Kass, David Howes, Janis P Tupesis, Christopher Weaver, Osman R Sayan, Victoria Hogan, Jason Begue, Diamond Vrocher, Jackie Frazer, Timothy Evans, Gene Hern, Ralph Riviello, Antonio Rivera, Keith Kinoshita, Edward Ferguson

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Previous trials have showed a 10-30% rate of inaccuracies on applications to individual residency programs. No studies have attempted to corroborate this on a national level. Attempts by residency programs to diminish the frequency of inaccuracies on applications have not been reported. We seek to clarify the national incidence of inaccuracies on applications to emergency medicine residency programs. METHODS: This is a multi-center, single-blinded, randomized, cohort study of all applicants from LCME accredited schools to involved EM residency programs. Applications were randomly selected to investigate claims of AOA election, advanced degrees and publications. Errors were reported to applicants' deans …

Sclerotherapy Plus Octreotide Versus Sclerotherapy Alone In The Management Of Gastro-Oesophageal Variceal Hemorrhage, Hasnain A. Shah, Khalid Mumtaz, Wasim Jafri, Shahab Abid, Saeed Hamid, Ashfaq Ahmad, Zaigham Abbas

Section of Gastroenterology

Background: There are different ways for controlling oesophageal variceal bleed which include pharmacological and endoscopic methods. In this study we compare efficacy of octreotide (50 g/hr for 48 hours) combined with sclerotherapy versus sclerotherapy alone in patients with acute bleeding from gastro-oesophageal varices (GOV).Methods: It was a randomized clinical controlled trial conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 1997 to December 1998. We evaluated the role of octreotide (50 g/hr for 48 hours) combined with sclerotherapy versus sclerotherapy alone in a total of 105 adult cirrhotic patients who had acute bleeding from GOV. Patients were assigned to receive …

Palm Is Expressed In Both Developing And Adult Mouse Lens And Retina., Meryl Castellini, Louise V Wolf, Bharesh K Chauhan, Deni S Galileo, Manfred W Kilimann, Ales Cvekl, Melinda K Duncan

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Paralemmin (Palm) is a prenyl-palmitoyl anchored membrane protein that can drive membrane and process formation in neurons. Earlier studies have shown brain preferred Palm expression, although this protein is a major water insoluble protein in chicken lens fiber cells and the Palm gene may be regulated by Pax6. METHODS: The expression profile of Palm protein in the embryonic, newborn and adult mouse eye as well as dissociated retinal neurons was determined by confocal immunofluorescence. The relative mRNA levels of Palm, Palmdelphin (PalmD) and paralemmin2 (Palm2) in the lens and retina were determined by real time rt-PCR. RESULTS: In the …

Interleukin-17/Interleukin-17 Receptor-Mediated Signaling Is Important For Generation Of An Optimal Polymorphonuclear Response Against Toxoplasma Gondii Infection, Michelle N. Kelly, Jay K. Kolls, Kyle Happel, Joseph D. Schwartzman

Dartmouth Scholarship

We investigated the role of interleukin-17 (IL-17)/IL-17 receptor (IL-17R)-mediated signaling in the protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. IL-17R−/− mice developed a normal adaptive immunity against the parasite. However, increased mortality in the knockout animals can be attributed to a defect in the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to infected sites during early infection.

The Evaluation Of Rectal Bleeding In Adults, Elizabeth Allen, Christina Nicolaidis, Mark Helfand

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in this country.5 The majority of medical societies recommend some form of colon cancer screening for asymptomatic adult patients over age 50. The evaluation of rectal bleeding is different from screening because the risk of serious disease is higher and it is unclear whether early diagnosis and treatment of serious disease results in improved mortality once gross bleeding has occurred. The optimal evaluation strategy for rectal bleeding is unknown. Neither historical information nor the presence or absence of hemorrhoids has been shown to reliably differentiate benign from serious disease.6–11 Fecal …

Hairy Cell Leukemia: Clinical Presentation And Long Term Follow Up After Treatment With 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-Cda), Fareena Bilwani, Mohammad Usman, Salman Adil, Ghulam N. Kakepoto, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

The aim of the study was to the clinical features and long term follow up after treatment with Cladarbine in a tertiary care hospital. Seven patients with hairy cell leukemia were diagnosed between January 1990 till December 2003. Diagnosis in all the patients was established by bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsy along with TRAP. In two patients the diagnosis was supplemented by flowcytometry and in another two patients by splenectomy. Six patients were male while one was female. Mean age was 47.7 years (range 36-64). Most common presenting features were pallor and weakness (n=5). All patients had splenomegaly. Blood …

Cephalosporin Resistant Shigella Flexneri From A Clinical Isolate--A Rare Finding, Nasim Sabir, Afia Zafar

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Shigellosis is an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. Antibiotic treatment of dysentery aimed at resolving diarrhea or reducing its duration, and to prevent transmission to other close contacts. Isolates with resistance to first line drugs have been reported throughout world, third generation cephalosporins and quinolones are mainstay of treatment. Shigella flexneri resistant to third generation cephalosporins in a clinical isolate is a rare finding, and this has been reported for the first time in Pakistan.

Nalidixic Acid Screening Test In Detection Of Decreased Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility In Salmonella Typhi Isolated From Blood, Afia Zafar, Ng Ibrahim, T Ahsan, Z Abbas, A Zaidi, Rumina Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of nalidixic acid screening test in the detection of high MICs of fluoroquinolone against Salmonella(S.) typhi isolated from blood and correlate zone diameters of ofloxacin with that of MIC value for nalidixic acid sensitive and resistant strains.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of the Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi from January 2002 to December 2003.
METHODS: Two hundred S. typhi isolates from blood were included for nalidixic acid screening and ofloxacin susceptibility. Antibiotic susceptibilities for both the antibiotics were obtained by disc diffusion method whereas MICs were determined …

Healing During Physician-Patient Consultation, Waris Qidwai, Ss Ali, S Ayub, S Ayub

Department of Family Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To determine the patient perceptions regarding healing during a physician-patient consultation.
DESIGN: A questionnaire-based survey.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Family Practice Center of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, in June 2004.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was designed that included the demographic profile of patients comprising age, gender, education and occupation as well as questions in line with the study objective. It was administered to 111 patients, visiting outpatient department of the hospital. Participants were explained the study objective, a written consent was taken and full confidentiality was assured.
RESULTS: The mean age of …

Patient Expectations From An Emergency Medical Service, Waris Qidwai, Ss Ali, M Baqi, S Ayub

Department of Family Medicine

BACKGROUND: Patient expectation survey at the Emergency Medical Services can improve patient satisfaction. A need was established to conduct such a survey in order to recommend its use as a quality improvement tool.
METHODS: The study was conducted on patients visiting the Emergency Medical Services, Aga Khan University, Karachi. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the demographic profile, and expectations of patients. The ethical requirements for conducting the study were met.
RESULTS: A hundred patients were surveyed. The majority was relatively young, married men and women, well educated and better socio-economically placed. The majority of the …

Enhancing The Geriatric Competence Of Urologic Nurses, Karen A. Karlowicz

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Editorial. Provides strategies for enhancing the geriatric competence of urologic nurses. Improvements in nursing practice and in other health care professions; Considerations in caring for older adults; Implications for nursing practice.

Global Gene Expression Profiling Of Cells Overexpressing Smc3., Giancarlo Ghiselli, Chang-Gong Liu

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The Structural Maintenance of Chromosome 3 protein (SMC3) plays an essential role during the sister chromatid separation, is involved in DNA repair and recombination and participates in microtubule-mediated intracellular transport. SMC3 is frequently elevated in human colon carcinoma and overexpression of the protein transforms murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of SMC3-mediated tumorigenesis a gene expression profiling was performed on human 293 cells line stably overexpressing SMC3. RESULTS: Biotinylated complementary RNA (cRNA) was used for hybridization of a cDNAmicroarray chip harboring 18,861 65-mer oligos derived from the published dEST sequences. After filtering, the hybridization …

Replication And Encapsidation Of Papillomaviruses In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Peter C. Angeletti

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Improvements in methodologies to recapitulate and study particular biological functions of the

papillomavirus life cycle have led to great advances in our knowledge of these viruses. Described in

this chapter are techniques that allow low-copy and high-copy replication of full-length human

papillomavirus (HPV) genomes, as well as assembly of virus-like particles, in Saccharomyces

cerevisiae (yeast). This system has several distinct advantages that make it an attractive complement

to the well-established raft-culturing system. First, yeast are inexpensive, rapid, and simple to culture

in the lab. Second, they provide an ever-widening array of genetic tools to analyze HPV functions

—most recently notable, …

Antigenicity And Immunogenicity Of A Synthetic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Envelope Glycoprotein, Feng Gao, Eric A. Weaver, Zhongjing Lu, Yingying Li, Hua-Xin Liao, Benjiang Ma, S. Munir Alam, Richard M. Scearce, Laura L. Sutherland, Jae-Sung Yu, Julie M. Decker, George M. Shaw, David C. Montefiori, Bette T. Korber, Beatrice H. Hahn, Barton F. Haynes

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Genetic variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) represents a major obstacle for AIDS vaccine development. To decrease the genetic distances between candidate immunogens and field virus strains, we have designed and synthesized an artificial group M consensus env gene (CON6 gene) to be equidistant from contemporary HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants. This novel envelope gene expresses a glycoprotein that binds soluble CD4, utilizes CCR5 but not CXCR4 as a coreceptor, and mediates HIV-1 entry. Key linear, conformational, and glycan-dependent monoclonal antibody epitopes are preserved in CON6, and the glycoprotein is recognized equally well by sera from individuals infected with different HIV-1 …

Antigenicity And Immunogenicity Of A Synthetic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Envelope Glycoprotein, Feng Gao, Eric A. Weaver, Zhongjing Lu, Yingying Li, Hua-Xin Liao, Benjiang Ma, S. Munir Alam, Richard M. Scearce, Laura L. Sutherland, Jae-Sung Yu, Julie M. Decker, George M. Shaw, David C. Montefiori, Bette T. Korber, Beatrice H. Hahn, Barton F. Haynes

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Genetic variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) represents a major obstacle for AIDS vaccine development. To decrease the genetic distances between candidate immunogens and field virus strains, we have designed and synthesized an artificial group M consensus env gene (CON6 gene) to be equidistant from contemporary HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants. This novel envelope gene expresses a glycoprotein that binds soluble CD4, utilizes CCR5 but not CXCR4 as a coreceptor, and mediates HIV-1 entry. Key linear, conformational, and glycan-dependent monoclonal antibody epitopes are preserved in CON6, and the glycoprotein is recognized equally well by sera from individuals infected with different HIV-1 …

Potential Roles Of Follicular Dendritic Cell–Associated Osteopontin In Lymphoid Follicle Pathology And Repair And In B Cell Regulation In Hiv-1 And Siv Infection, Qingsheng Li, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Lijie Duan, Timothy Schacker, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Jacob D. Estes, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Osteopontin is a multifunctional protein with known roles in bone remodeling, wound healing, and normal and pathological immune responses. We showed in microarray studies that osteopontin gene expression is increased in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected lymphatic tissues after treatment, and we undertook mapping experiments to study osteopontin’s possible functions in this context. We discovered species-specific colocalization of osteopontin with the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network in lymphatic tissues in HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus infections, and we found that changes in FDC-associated osteopontin covary with changes in lymphoid follicles during acute and late stages of infection and in …