Digital Commons Network^™

Measurement Of Eye Lens Dose In Interventional Radiologist From Tace Procedures Using Osld, Mananchaya Vimolnoch

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

For routine clinical service at Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH), TACE procedure has been one of the high exposure procedures, which result in increasing eye lens dose in interventional radiologists. Thus, radiation dose should be evaluated in interventional radiology staff who may receive high eye lens dose. Currently, there is insufficient information to comply with the ICRP dose limit on the occupation exposure to the eye lens. One of the factors affecting the eye lens dose is the variation in tube directions in the interventional radiology (IR) laboratories. A preliminary study about tube …

Monitor Unit (Mu) Validation Using Various Types Of Dosimeters For Commissioning Small Field In Eclipse™ Treatment Planning System, Sammuel Mamesa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objective of this study was to investigate the differences of calculated MU between commissioning using corrected FOF from single detector and commissioning using average uncorrected FOF from three detectors. Measurements were carried out on 6 MV flattened photon beams from 1x1 cm2 to 10x10 cm2. Four detectors were utilized to measure depth doses and beam profiles: IBA CC01, IBA PFD, IBA EFD and Sun Nuclear EDGE. For FOF determination, Sun Nuclear EDGE was not used. The determination of FOF was classified into corrected FOF according to IAEA/AAPM TRS 483 and uncorrected FOF from three detectors. Commissioning was undertaken in …

The Determination Of Optimal Protocol For Digital Chest Tomosynthesis, Sarawut Tongkum

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Recently, digital chest tomosynthesis (DTS) is introduced as alternative technique in digital chest radiography for evaluating pulmonary disease and enhancing the internal structures in different slices. However, the radiation dose is higher compared to general chest radiography. The present study was to determine the optimal protocol for DTS in order to reduce the radiation dose to patients while maintaining the image quality. The multipurpose chest phantom N1 "LUNGMAN'' was scanned by digital radiographic systems model Definium 8000.Such phantom was inserted with simulated nodules with size diameter of 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 mm, and the data were acquired using chest …

Ct Number And Electron Density Relationship For Photon Dose Calculation In Head And Neck, Chest, Spine And Pelvic Regions, Siriporn Wong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

CT images supply the HU information that relates to electron density (ρe). The ρe is important for tissue inhomogeneity correction for accurate dose calculation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric effect on CT images on different kVp setting using single HU-ρe curve. Anthropomorphic phantom was scanned using Siemens-SOMATOM Definition AS with 120 kVp setting and used as a reference image set. The procedures were repeated with DECT option (80/140 kVp), 80 and 140 kVp. The 120 kVp HU-ρe relationship curve from Gammex 467 tissue characterization phantom was created and applied into Eclipse treatment planning system. The …

Radiation Dose And Image Quality In Chest Region Using Single- And Dual-Energy Ct: Phantom Study, Taninchai Jutawiriya

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Chest CT examinations are routinely performed by using single energy protocol (SE). As CT had been evolved by using dual energy protocol (DE), the patients with underlying lung nodules or pulmonary nodules will be followed up by CT examination several times. The purpose of this study is to study the radiation dose and image quality between single-energy CT (SECT) and dual-energy CT (DECT) protocols in chest phantom at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The Lungman Kyoto Kagaku phantom inserted by five simulated lesions of various diameters was scanned by dual-source CT system (Somatom Force, Siemens Healthineers). The acquisition protocols consist of …

Patient Predictors Of Poor Drug Sensitive Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes In Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine, Omowunmi Aibana, Andrej Slavuckij, Mariya Bachmaha, Viatcheslav Krasiuk, Natasha Rybak, Timothy P Flanigan, Vasyl Petrenko, Megan B Murray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Ukraine has high rates of poor treatment outcomes among drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) patients, while global treatment success rates for DSTB remain high.

We evaluated baseline patient factors as predictors of poor DSTB treatment outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of new drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients treated in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine between November 2012 and October 2014. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and poor outcomes as death, default (lost to follow up) or treatment failure. We performed logistic regression analyses, using routine program data, to identify baseline patient factors associated with poor outcomes. …

Role Of Mhealth Applications For Improving Antenatal And Postnatal Care In Low And Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Anam Shahil Feroz, Shagufta Perveen, Wafa Aftab

Community Health Sciences

Background: From 1990 to 2015, the number of maternal deaths globally has dropped by 43%. Despite this, progress in attaining MDG 5 is not remarkable in LMICs. Only 52% of pregnant women in LMICs obtain WHO recommended minimum of four antenatal consultations and the coverage of postnatal care is relatively poor. In recent years, the increased cellphone penetration has brought the potential for mHealth to improve preventive maternal healthcare services. The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of mHealth solutions on a range of maternal health outcomes by categorizing the interventions according to the types of mHealth …

Effect Of Pulse Shaping On Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation In Vitro And In Vivo., Ipshita Gupta, John R. Eisenbrey, Maria Stanczak, Anush Sridharan, Jaydev K. Dave, Ji-Bin Liu, Christopher Hazard, Xinghua Wang, Ping Wang, Huiwen Li, Kirk Wallace, Flemming Forsberg

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Subharmonic imaging (SHI) is a technique that uses the nonlinear oscillations of microbubbles when exposed to ultrasound at high pressures transmitting at the fundamental frequency ie, f

METHODS: Eight waveforms with different envelopes were optimized with respect to acoustic power at which the SHAPE study is most sensitive. The study was run with four input transmit cycles, first in vitro and then in vivo in three canines to select the waveform that achieved the best sensitivity for detecting changes in portal pressures using SHAPE. A Logiq 9 scanner with a 4C curvi-linear array was used to acquire 2.5 MHz …

Effects Of Bidi Smoking On All-Cause Mortality And Cardiorespiratory Outcomes In Men From South Asia: An Observational Community-Based Substudy Of The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (Pure), Mylinh Duong, Sumathy Rangarajan, Xiaohe Zhang, Kieran Killian, Prem Mony, Sumathi Swaminathan, Ankalmadagu Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi, Sanjeev Nair, Krishnapillai Vijayakumar, Indu Mohan, Romaina Iqbal, Khawar Kazmi

Community Health Sciences

Background: Bidis are minimally regulated, inexpensive, hand-rolled tobacco products smoked in south Asia. We examined the effects of bidi smoking on baseline respiratory impairment, and prospectively collected data for all-cause mortality and cardiorespiratory events in men from this region.
Methods: This substudy of the international, community-based Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study was done in seven centres in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Men aged 35–70 years completed spirometry testing and standardised questionnaires at baseline and were followed up yearly. We used multilevel regression to compare cross-sectional baseline cardiorespiratory symptoms, spirometry measurements, and follow-up events (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, respiratory events) …

Pediatric Ovarian Growing Teratoma Syndrome., Rebecca M. Rentea, Aaron Varghese, Atif Ahmed, Alexander Kats, Michelle Manalang, Tazim Dowlut-Mcelroy, Richard J. Hendrickson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Ovarian immature teratoma is a germ cell tumor that comprises less than 1% of ovarian cancers and is treated with surgical debulking and chemotherapy depending on stage. Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is the phenomenon of the growth of mature teratoma elements with normal tumor markers during or following chemotherapy for treatment of a malignant germ cell tumor. These tumors are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to invasive and compressive growth as well as potential for malignant transformation. Current treatment modality is surgical resection. We discuss a 12-year-old female who presented following resection of a pure ovarian immature teratoma …

Ethical Issues In Managing Lysosomal Storage Disorders In Children In Low And Middle Income Countries, Bushra Afroze, Nick Brown

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The lysosomal storage diseases are a group of rare, inherited metabolic diseases affecting about 1 in 7000 to 8000 people. In recent years, the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy and small molecule therapy, has changed the natural course of this otherwise progressive group of disorders leading to severe morbidity and early mortality. These treatment options, however, are extremely expensive and are needed for life thus presenting an economical as well as ethical challenge to the affected families and the health care system of a country. This paper presents a case for the prevention of the lysosomal storage …

Validation Of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Forms For Use In Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus., Jordan T. Jones, Adam C. Carle, Janet Wootton, Brianna Liberio, Jiha Lee, Laura E. Schanberg, Jun Ying, Esi Morgan Dewitt, Hermine I. Brunner

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To validate the pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System short forms (PROMIS-SFs) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a clinical setting.

METHODS: At 3 study visits, childhood-onset SLE patients completed the PROMIS-SFs (anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, physical function-mobility, physical function-upper extremity, pain interference, and peer relationships) using the PROMIS assessment center, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) legacy measures (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters [SMILEY], and visual analog scales [VAS] of pain and well-being). Physicians rated childhood-onset SLE activity on a VAS and completed …

Prevalence And Determinants Of Unintended Pregnancies Amongst Women Attending Antenatal Clinics In Pakistan, Atif Habib, Camille Raynes- Greenow, Sidrah Nausheen, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Muhammad Sajid, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Kirsten I Black

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Unintended pregnancies are a global public health concern and contribute significantly to adverse maternal and neonatal health, social and economic outcomes and increase the risks of maternal deaths and neonatal mortality. In countries like Pakistan where data for the unintended pregnancies is scarce, studies are required to estimate its accurate prevalence and predictors using more specific tools such as the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancies (LMUP).
Methods: We conducted a hospital based cross sectional survey in two tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. We used a pre tested structured questionnaire to collect the data on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive …

Community Engagement And Integrated Health And Polio Immunisation Campaigns In Conflict-Affected Areas Of Pakistan: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, Atif Habib, Sajid Soofi, Simon Cousens, Saeed Anwar, Najib Ulhaque, Imran Ahmed, Noshad Ali, Rehman Tahir, Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Pakistan faces huge challenges in eradicating polio due to widespread poliovirus transmission and security challenges. Innovative interventions are urgently needed to strengthen community buy-in, to increase the coverage of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and other routine immunisations, and to enhance immunity through the introduction of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in combination with OPV. We aimed to evaluate the acceptability and effect on immunisation coverage of an integrated strategy for community engagement and maternal and child health immunisation campaigns in insecure and conflict-affected polio-endemic districts of Pakistan.
Methods: We did a community-based three-arm cluster randomised trial in healthy children …

Implementation And Evaluation Of Code Stroke In Emergency Department For Maternity Patients, Linda Catherine Castillo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Strokes are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, influenced by the physiologic changes in pregnancy and the trend of older and sicker women becoming pregnant. Despite the role of stroke in pregnant women, emergency departments in specialized maternity hospitals may not be as experienced in stroke recognition and care as are typical emergency departments. The purpose of this project was to create a protocol to facilitate rapid assessment and treatment of pregnant and postpartum women with symptoms of stroke in a maternity emergency department. The IOWA model of evidence-based practice to promote quality care guided a …

Influence Of Dual Process Decision-Making Theory In Patients Diagnosed With Cancer, Bonnie D. Quinonez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Each year millions of people face the medical decision-making cycle that comes with a diagnosis of cancer. For patients and their families, this can be a rollercoaster of confusion and fear. Researchers have indicated that the complexity of the decision-making process is underrepresented in the current approach of informed decision-making. The purpose of this study was to add to scientifically-validated research expanding the identification of factors that influence decision-making for individuals diagnosed with cancer. Fuzzy trace theory (FTT) is the dual process memory theory used as the framework for this study. Qualitative data were collected using semistructured interviews with 10 …

Impact Of Telephone Call On Patient Satisfaction In Adult Oncology Patients, Victoria Maria Frazier-Warmack

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Patient satisfaction is an ongoing action in which hospitals and health care providers are constantly seeking strategies to improve their satisfaction ratings. In the ambulatory oncology infusion setting, patient satisfaction is also a key metric that is being monitored, but actual patient satisfaction is unknown. Guided by Lewin's change theory and King's theory of goal attainment, the aim of this project was to use a strategy of conducting follow-up telephones calls to determine if patient satisfaction improved in an ambulatory oncology setting. A descriptive comparative approach was used to evaluate patient satisfaction before and after a telephone follow-up intervention. Participants …

Association Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration And Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Jeffrey A. Nau

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, irreversible disease that robs individuals of vision, quality of life, and independence. It is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a condition characterized by repeated episodes of apnea and/or hypopnea, insomnia, short sleep duration, and/or sleep disturbances (snoring, gasping, etc.). Because SDB has been shown to cause chronic hypoxia resulting in oxidative stress on the retina, it has been proposed that SDB may be associated with AMD. Based on the life course theory of chronic disease, this quantitative, cross-sectional study used data from the 2005-2008 National Health …

Division Of Research, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Mechanisms Of Vasovagal Syncope In The Young: Reduced Systemic Vascular Resistance Versus Reduced Cardiac Output, Julian Stewart, Marvin Medow, R Sutton, Paul Visintainer, D Jardine, W Wieling

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Syncope is a sudden transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. The most common form is vasovagal syncope (VVS). Presyncopal progressive early hypotension in older VVS patients is caused by reduced cardiac output (CO); younger patients have reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Using a priori criteria for reduced CO ( downward arrowCO) and SVR ( downward arrowSVR), we studied 48 recurrent young fainters comparing subgroups of VVS with VVS- downward arrowCO, VVS- downward arrowSVR, and both VVS- downward arrowCO& downward arrowSVR. METHODS AND RESULTS: Subjects were studied supine and during 70-degrere upright tilt with a …

Activity Behavior And Physiological Profile Of Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer Survivors, Christelle Schofield

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Background: Advanced-stage ovarian cancer survivors (OCS) often experience a multitude of disease symptoms and treatment-related side-effects. Additionally, most OCS are older, have comorbidities, are overweight or obese, and report being insufficiently physically active. Ovarian cancer survivors may benefit from exercise oncology interventions to reduce symptom-burden, manage comorbidities, minimize functional decline and maximize health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, current knowledge gaps regarding the physiological characteristics of OCS throughout the entire survivorship spectrum challenge the development of tailored exercise interventions.

Purpose: The overall purpose of this thesis was to provide a more comprehensive physiological and activity behavior profile of post-treatment advanced-stage …

Proteoglycan Neofunctions: Regulation Of Inflammation And Autophagy In Cancer Biology., Liliana Schaefer, Claudia Tredup, Maria A. Gubbiotti, Renato V. Iozzo

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Inflammation and autophagy have emerged as prominent issues in the context of proteoglycan signaling. In particular, two small, leucine-rich proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, play pivotal roles in the regulation of these vital cellular pathways and, as such, are intrinsically involved in cancer initiation and progression. In this minireview, we will address novel functions of biglycan and decorin in inflammation and autophagy, and analyze new emerging signaling events triggered by these proteoglycans, which directly or indirectly modulate these processes. We will critically discuss the dual role of proteoglycan-driven inflammation and autophagy in tumor biology, and delineate the potential mechanisms through which …

A Rare Case Of Erythema Elevatum Diutinum Presenting As Diffuse Neuropathy, G H. Nguyen, E L. Guo, D Norris

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Improving Case Ascertainment Of Congenital Anomalies: Findings From A Prospective Birth Cohort With Detailed Primary Care Record Linkage, Chrissy Bishop, Neil Small, Dan Mason, Peter Corry, Roger C. Parslow, Alan H. Bittles, Eamonn Sheridan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a common cause of infant death and disability. We linked children from a large birth cohort to a routine primary care database to detect CA diagnoses from birth to age 5 years. There could be evidence of underreporting by CA registries as they estimate that only 2% of CA registrations occur after age 1 year.

Methods

CA cases were identified by linking children from a prospective birth cohort to primary care records. CAs were classified according to the European Surveillance of CA guidelines. We calculated rates of CAs by using a bodily system group for …

Pulsed-Dye Laser Efficacy In The Treatment Of Psoriasis In Adult Patients: An Evidence-Based Case Report, Made Ananda Krisna, Hanny Nilasari

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease known to be highly responsive to phototherapy. Narrow-band UVB (NBUVB) phototherapy has been one of the standard treatments for its moderate to severe form. However, its lack of efficacy in treating stable psoriatic plaques on extremities has lead researchers to find alternative treatments, one of which is pulsed-dye laser (PDL). Laser has been known to be effective in treating vascular lesions; in psoriasis, elongation of rete ridge along with tortuous dermal capillaries are one of the first pathologies identified early in the disease progression. Several in vivo and preliminary studies have found the …

Occupational Skin Cancer And Precancerous Lesions, Fifinela Raissa, Githa Rahmayunita, Sri Linuwih Menaldi, Dewi Soemarko

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Occupational skin cancer and precancerous lesions are skin disorders caused by exposure to chemical carcinogens such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and arsenic, or radiation, such as ultraviolet light and ionizing light in the workplace. Annual increase in skin cancer incidence is believed to be related to various factors such as frequent intense sunlight exposure (i.e. at work, recreational activities, and sun-tanning habit), ozone depletion, an increase in number of geriatric population, and an increase of public awareness in skin cancer. The most common occupational skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Examples of occupational precancerous lesion of …

How Burroughs Plays With The Brain, Or Ritornellos As A Means To Produce Déjà-Vu, Antonio José Bonome

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In his article "How Burroughs Plays with the Brain, or Ritornellos as a Means to Produce Déjà-Vu" Antonio José Bonome discusses how the recurrence and significance of one of William S. Burroughs's most potent refrains, "dim jerky faraway," was inspired by its source text, Paul Bowles's second novel Let It Come Down (1952), where Tangiers-Interzone fuels the unwholesome descent of a US-American expatriate not unlike Bowles or Burroughs himself. "Dim jerky faraway" was used by Burroughs during more than two decades in different contexts, and its textual variations have sparked a mélange of colors, sounds, smells, and feelings oscillating in …

Influence Of Maternal Breast Milk Ingestion On Acquisition Of The Intestinal Microbiome In Preterm Infants, Katherine E Gregory, Buck S Samuel, Pearl Houghteling, Guru Shan, Frederick M Ausubel, Ruslan I Sadreyev, W Allan Walker

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The initial acquisition and early development of the intestinal microbiome during infancy are important to human health across the lifespan. Mode of birth, antibiotic administration, environment of care, and nutrition have all been shown to play a role in the assembly of the intestinal microbiome during early life. For preterm infants, who are disproportionately at risk of inflammatory intestinal disease (i.e., necrotizing enterocolitis), a unique set of clinical factors influence the establishment of the microbiome. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of nutritional exposures on the intestinal microbiome in a cohort of preterm infants early …

Self-Care Among Older Adults With Heart Failure, Sumayya Attaallah, Kay Klymko, Faith Pratt Hopp

Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: It is estimated that 5.7 million Americans are living with heart failure (HF) today. Despite the fact that HF is one of the most common reasons people aged 65 years and older are admitted into the hospital, few studies describe the self-care in this older adult population. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to review the current literature on self-care in this population to better understand the influence of selected factors on self-care and health outcomes. Methods: A literature search was completed and resulted in including 28 studies. Results: Multiple factors have been reported as barriers to self-care …

Kinder Ready: Exploring The Role Of Technology In Promoting School Readiness Among Low-Income Parents In A Clinic-Based Setting, Brenda Lu

Master's Projects and Capstones

The Stanford Pediatric Advocacy Program advocates to improve the health status of children in Silicon Valley and the surrounding community. This summer, I worked on a project called Kinder Ready, with the goal of evaluating the feasibility of technology use in promoting school readiness in children ages zero to five. We used a variety of qualitative research methods, including focus groups, one-on-one interviews, and surveys to collect feedback from the community on what their children need to transition into schools. Our local participatory research approach has paved the way for many new partnerships with local organizations, while strengthening existing ones. …