Digital Commons Network^™

Diagnostic Importance Of Bone Marrow Examination In Non-Hematological Disorders, Naveen Naz Syed, Bushra Moiz, Salman Adil, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of involvement of bone marrow with non-haematologic disorders and to observe the significance of bone marrow examination in establishing primary diagnosis of the same.
Methods: It was a descriptive study that extended from January 2003 to September 2005. A total of 4569 bone marrow aspirate and trephines were reported during this period. Only the non-haematological disorders were analyzed for their clinical and laboratory parameter.
Results: During the study period, 63 patients (1.4%) were diagnosed to have non-haematological diseases detected primarily through bone marrow examination. The mean age of patients at time of …

Factors Associated With Atypical Moles In New Hampshire, Usa, L Titus-Ernstoff, J Ding, A. E. Perry, S. K. Spencer, B. F. Cole, M. S. Ernstoff

Dartmouth Scholarship

Only a few studies, conducted in Sweden, assessed factors associated with the presence of atypical moles in the general population. We conducted a population-based, case-control study in New Hampshire, USA, to identify factors associated with atypical moles. In our study, atypical moles affected 14% of the study population. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.14-0.80) for those with the highest adulthood recreational sun exposure, relative to the lowest. The OR for any freckles, compared to none, was 2.24 (95% CI=1.18-4.25). We found a linear relationship between the number of benign moles and the presence of atypical …

Metabolic Syndrome: Frequency And Gender Differences At An Out - Patient Clinic, Firdous Jahan, Riaz Qureshi, Tasneem Borhany, Hasan Bin Hamza

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome among patients attending an out-patient clinic of a teaching hospital and to compare the clinical features regarding metabolic syndrome among males and females.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Executive and Family Medicine Clinics, from December 2004 to April 2005.
Patients and Methods: All adults, above 25 years, attending the clinics for an executive check-up and giving informed consent were included in the study. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to those eligible to participate. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to ATP-III guidelines. …

A Turner Syndrome Neurocognitive Phenotype Maps To Xp22.3., Andrew R Zinn, David Roeltgen, Gerry Stefanatos, Purita Ramos, Frederick F Elder, Harvey Kushner, Karen Kowal, Judith L Ross

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with a neurocognitive phenotype that includes selective nonverbal deficits, e.g., impaired visual-spatial abilities. We previously reported evidence that this phenotype results from haploinsufficiency of one or more genes on distal Xp. This inference was based on genotype/phenotype comparisons of individual girls and women with partial Xp deletions, with the neurocognitive phenotype considered a dichotomous trait. We sought to confirm our findings in a large cohort (n = 47) of adult women with partial deletions of Xp or Xq, enriched for subjects with distal Xp deletions. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from North American genetics and …

Homocysteine Levels In Preterm Infants: Is There An Association With Intraventricular Hemorrhage? A Prospective Cohort Study., Wendy J Sturtz, Kathleen H Leef, Amy B Mackley, Shailja Sharma, Teodoro Bottiglieri, David A Paul

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to characterize total homocysteine (tHcy) levels at birth in preterm and term infants and identify associations with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and other neonatal outcomes such as mortality, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and thrombocytopenia. METHODS: 123 infants < 32 weeks gestation admitted to our Level III nursery were enrolled. A group of 25 term infants were enrolled for comparison. Two blood spots collected on filter paper with admission blood drawing were analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, Spearman's Rank Order Correlation and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The median tHcy was 2.75 micromol/L with an interquartile range of 1.34 - 4.96 micromol/L. There was no difference between preterm and term tHcy (median 2.76, IQR 1.25 - 4.8 micromol/L vs median 2.54, IQR 1.55 - 7.85 micromol/L, p = 0.07). There was no statistically significant difference in tHcy in 31 preterm infants with IVH compared to infants without IVH (median 1.96, IQR 1.09 - 4.35 micromol/L vs median 2.96, IQR 1.51 - 4.84 micromol/L, p = 0.43). There was also no statistically significant difference in tHcy in 7 infants with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) compared to infants without PVL (median 1.55, IQR 0.25 - 3.45 micromol/L vs median 2.85, IQR 1.34 - 4.82 micromol/L, p = 0.07). Male infants had lower tHcy compared to female; prenatal steroids were associated with a higher tHcy. CONCLUSION: In our population of preterm infants, there is no association between IVH and tHcy. Male gender, prenatal steroids and preeclampsia were associated with differences in tHcy levels.

Functional Interplay Between The B-Box 2 And The B30.2(Spry) Domains Of Trim5Α, Xi Ling, Byeongwoon Song, Shi-Hua Xiang, Joseph Sodroski

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The retroviral restriction factors, TRIM5α and TRIMCyp, consist of RING and B-box 2 domains separated by a coiled coil from carboxy-terminal domains. These carboxy-terminal domains (the B30.2(SPRY) domain in TRIM5α and the cyclophilin A domain in TRIMCyp) recognize the retroviral capsid. Here we show that some B-box 2 changes in TRIM5α, but not in TRIMCyp, resulted in decreased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) capsid binding. The phenotypic effects of these B-box 2 changes on the restriction of retroviral infection depended on the potency of restriction and the affinity of the TRIM5α interaction with the viral capsid, two properties specified by the …

Comparison Of Different Phenotypic Methods Of Detection Of Methicillin Resistance In Staphylococcus Aureus With The Molecular Detection Of Mec-A Gene, M Zeeshan, K Jabeen, E Khan, S Irfan, S Ibrahim, Z Parween, Afia Zafar

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate accuracy, cost-effectiveness and ease to perform different phenotypic methods i.e. Cefoxitin 30 microg disc, Oxacillin 1microg disc and Oxacillin agar screening plate (6microg/ml ) for early and accurate identification of MRSA by comparing with the detection of mec-A gene in our clinical isolates.
DESIGN: A comparative study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Clinical samples submitted in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from 1st August to 31st October 2006.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Out of 200 clinical samples, conventional Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done on 62 pure biochemically identified S. aureus …

Reduction Of Astrogliosis And Microgliosis By Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting In Experimental Hydrocephalus, Janet M. Miller, James P. Mcallister Ii

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Reactive gliosis has the potential to alter biomechanical properties of the brain, impede neuronal regeneration and affect plasticity. Determining the onset and progression of reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis due to hydrocephalus is important for designing better clinical treatments.

Methods

Reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis were evaluated as the severity of hydrocephalus increased with age in hydrocephalic H-Tx rats and control littermates. Previous studies have suggested that gliosis may persist after short-term drainage (shunt treatment) of the cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore shunts were placed in 15d hydrocephalic rats that were sacrificed after 6d (21d of age) or after 21d (36d of …

The Ctsa University Of Texas Health Science Center (Uthsc) Northeast—Tyler And Rio Grande Valley Success Story: How Rural, Underserved Academic Communities Rapidly Built A Robust Engine For Collaborative Covid-19 Clinical Research, Daisuke Shiomi, William Margolin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In Escherichia coli, the Min system, consisting of three proteins, MinC, MinD, and MinE, negatively regulates FtsZ assembly at the cell poles, helping to ensure that the Z ring will assemble only at midcell. Of the three Min proteins, MinC is sufficient to inhibit Z-ring assembly. By binding to MinD, which is mostly localized at the membrane near the cell poles, MinC is sequestered away from the cell midpoint, increasing the probability of Z-ring assembly there. Previously, it has been shown that the two halves of MinC have two distinct functions. The N-terminal half is sufficient for inhibition of FtsZ …

Does Time Really Slow Down During A Frightening Event?, Chess Stetson, Matthew P Fiesta, David M Eagleman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Observers commonly report that time seems to have moved in slow motion during a life-threatening event. It is unknown whether this is a function of increased time resolution during the event, or instead an illusion of remembering an emotionally salient event. Using a hand-held device to measure speed of visual perception, participants experienced free fall for 31 m before landing safely in a net. We found no evidence of increased temporal resolution, in apparent conflict with the fact that participants retrospectively estimated their own fall to last 36% longer than others' falls. The duration dilation during a frightening event, and …

Mid Aortic Syndrome Correction: Anaesthetic Considerations And Management, Mohammad Irfan Akhtar, Mohammad Hamid, Muneer Amanullah, Mubashar Khan, Shahabuddin, Mansoor Ahmed Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

A twelve years old female patient presented with headache off and on and disparity between upper and lower limb pressures. On the basis of history, physical examination and magnetic resonance angiography, the patient was diagnosed as mid aortic syndrome and planned for elective aorto aortic bypass graft surgery through left thoracotomy. Double lumen endotracheal tube was placed for lung isolation and episodes of hypertension during proximal and distal cross clamp were controlled with sodium nitropruside infusion (SNP). Extra pleural catheter was put in at the end of surgery before chest wall closure for postoperative pain control. Both upper and lower …

Anaesthesia For Interventional Neuroradiology, Aliya Ahmed

Department of Anaesthesia

There have been rapid and significant advances in diagnostic and interventional radiology, including interventional neuroradiology, in recent years. Many intracranial vascular pathologies are being successfully managed by endovascular interventional neuroradiology techniques. These techniques include procedures like embolization of vascular tumours and arterio-venous malformations, coiling of cerebral aneurysms. etc. The support of anaesthesia team is requested for these therapeutic endovascular neuroradiological procedures. The main aims of the anaesthesiologist during any interventional neuroradiology procedure are provision of a physiologically stable and immobile patient, alteration of arterial blood pressure as necessary, and appropriate and timely management of complications. Provision of anaesthesia in remote …

Is The Treatment And Transport Of Asystolic Cardiac Arrest Patients To Hospital By Ambulance Services Appropriate?, Andy Symons

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The Paramedic's role requires them to attend many patients in cardiac arrest. The victim' s survival depends on a variety of issues, such as previous medical history, pathological cause of cardiac arrest, presenting cardiac arrest dysrhythmias, and the time elapsed before medical aid is administered. The purpose of this present study was to review current practice advocated by St John Ambulance Service WA for the treatment of the cardiac arrest dysrhythmia `asystole'. At present, certain victims of an asystolic arrest are treated and transported to hospital irrespective of time in arrest. As such, questions are raised as to the suitability …

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis Masquerading As Carcinoma Of The Breast: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature., Richard Tuli, Brian J O'Hara, Janet Hines, Anne L Rosenberg

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is an uncommon, benign entity with a diagnosis of exclusion. The typical clinical presentation of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis often mimics infection or malignancy. As a result, histopathological confirmation of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis combined with exclusion of infection, malignancy and other causes of granulomatous disease is absolutely necessary. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a young woman with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, initially mistaken for mastitis as well as breast carcinoma, and successfully treated with a course of corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: There is no clear clinical consensus regarding the ideal therapeutic management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Treatment options …

Haemodynamic Response To Tracheal Intubation Via Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway Versus Direct Laryngoscopic Tracheal Intubation, Naveed Tahir Siddiqui, Fazal Hameed Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: To compare the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation using either direct larygoscopy or Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway.
Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. One hundred adult ASA-I and ASA - II patients coming to the Anaesthesia Department of Aga Khan University Hospital were randomly divided into two groups. In group- I endotracheal intubation was done with the help of Macintosh laryngoscope while in group-II patients were intubated with the help of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway. Systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at baseline, at laryngoscopy and at 1 minute interval for …

Pulmonary Artery Catheter Knotting In A Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patient, Mohammad Irfan Akhtar, Mohammad Hamid, Fazal Hameed Khan, Hamid Iqil Naqvi, Amar Gangwani

Department of Anaesthesia

A fifty seven years old female patient came to operating room for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. After induction, invasive monitoring lines were placed. Pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) floated after three attempts and it was wedged at 60cm. Intra operative course was smooth and patient transferred to cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). First chest X-ray revealed PAC knotting in the right ventricle. Vascular surgeon was involved and he removed it through right internal jugular vein under fluoroscopic guidance. Pulmonary arterial catheterization is an invasive procedure. Knotting usually occurs due to excessive advancement of the pulmonary artery catheter beyond the …

Anesthesia Clinical Performance Outcomes: Does Teaching Methodology Make A Difference?, Nina E. Mclain

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers have studied memory recall of crisis-oriented or emotional events in non-educational settings. However, within the health care field, there has been a limited study of the the concept of recall of crisis oriented or emotional events in& health care education. Crisis-oriented events such as natural disasters, acts of bioterroism, and industrial accidents, have been reported to impact memory. Patient safety is a primary focus in anesthesia education, appropriate crisis management is imperative to quality anesthesia care. Due to the critical nature of anesthesia delivery, there is a strong, constant need to develop methods that will enhance, support, and improve …

An Examination Of Group Agreement Among Functional Ankle Instability Participant Inclusion Criteria, Shantelle A. Howe Weichers

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Functional ankle instability (FAI) has been commonly identified in the literature as a cause of ankle injury and dysfunction. However, the participant selection criteria for FAI research have not been consistent. Numerous authors have used various selection criteria, with seemingly no two criteria being alike. Although these inconsistencies in FAI research participant selection criteria may explain the contradictions that have been reported in FAI research, the true nature of these selection criteria differences is unknown. It is uncertain exactly if, and to what magnitude, these selection criteria differed. The purpose of this study was to examine group agreement regarding selection …

Knowledge And Beliefs Of Adolescents Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections And Hiv/Aids In A Rural District In Pakistan, Hafsa Raheel, Franklin White, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Objective:

To assess the knowledge and beliefs of adolescents (15-19 years girls and boys) regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS.

Methods:

A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2002 in a rural district (Mirpurkhas) of Sindh province, Pakistan.

Results:

A total of 428 adolescent girls and boys were interviewed. Only 44% correctly named at least one STI, while 55% knew at least two modes of transmission for HIV/AIDS. Adolescents with education greater than or equal to secondary level, those who were able to read the newspaper, possessed electricity in their homes and were allowed to meet their …

First-Known Hypnopompic Hallucination Occurring In-Hospital: Case Report, Paul Ballas D.O. (Pgy2)

Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry

Despite the high prevalence of hypnopompic hallucinations in the community, to our knowledge there are no reports that have been published in the English literature of these phenomenon observed by staff in the hospital setting. Psychiatric or neurological evaluation often ensues if a patient reports hallucinations in other circumstances, but when they are reported in connection with sleep, further evaluation is rarely performed because such events are common in the general populace. Our report emphasizes the distinction between hypnopompic and hypnagogic hallucination as an ongoing feature of life that someone is aware of, which we believe to be the case …

Psychiatry, Syed Ahmer

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Treatment For Adolescents With Depression Study (Tads): Safety Results., Graham Emslie, Christopher J. Kratochvil, Benedetto Vitiello, Susan Silva, Taryn Mayes, Steven Mcnulty, Elizabeth Weller, Bruce Waslick, Charles Casat, John Walkup, Sanjeev Pathak, Paul Rohde, Kelly Posner, John March, The Columbia Suicidality Classification Group, Tads Team

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of physical, psychiatric, and suicide-related events in adolescents with MDD treated with fluoxetine alone (FLX), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), combination treatment (COMB), or placebo (PBO).

METHOD: Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs) collected by spontaneous report, as well as systematic measures for specific physical and psychiatric symptoms. Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior were systematically assessed by self- and clinician reports. Suicidal events were also reanalyzed by the Columbia Group and expert raters using the Columbia-Classification Algorithm for Suicidal Assessment used in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration reclassification effort.

RESULTS: Depressed adolescents reported high rates of …

Treatment Of Spinal Tuberculosis: Role Of Surgical Intervention, Syed Ather Enam, Ahmed Ali Shah

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Variability In Selecting Lateral Cephalometric Landmarks In Two Cbct Image Modes, Dana Nguyen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the variability of lateral cephalometric landmark selection in two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) lateral cephalometric simulations: 1) a mean projection image (MPI) and 2) a serial sagittal slice image (SSSI).

Methods: A MPI is a two-dimensional (2D) image obtained from the NewTom 3G^TM CBCT that resembles the conventional lateral cephalogram. A SSSI is a 2D image also obtained from CBCT data, but is created by superimposing a series of selected thin sagittal slices containing the required cephalometric landmarks. This study compared the Ricketts and Steiner analysis of the MPI …

Guidelines And Standards For Performance Of A Pediatric Echocardiogram: A Report From The Task Force Of The Pediatric Council Of The American Society Of Echocardiography., Wyman W. Lai, Tal Geva, Girish S. Shirali, Peter C. Frommelt, Richard A. Humes, Michael M. Brook, Ricardo H. Pignatelli, Jack Rychik, Pediatric Council Of The American Society Of Echocardiography

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Estimation Of Blood Loss During Caesarean Section: An Audit, Fauzia A. Khan, Mueenullah Khan, Asif Ali, Ursula Chohan

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: To evaluate the blood ordering practice and blood transfusion for Caesarean sections at our institution and to compare the estimated blood loss between anaesthetists and obstetricians.Methods: A review of 126 patients undergoing both elective and emergency Caesarean section was undertaken in 2002. Information collected included the number of blood units cross-matched preoperatively, type of surgery (emergency or elective), type of anaesthesia, parity of the patient, estimated blood loss by both anaesthetists and obstetricians, intraoperative and postoperative transfusion within 48 hours and pre and post operative haemoglobin (Hb) and haemocrit (Hct).Results: A total of 215 units were cross-matched for 126 …

Proteomic Identification Of In Vivo Substrates For Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 And 9 Reveals A Mechanism For Resolution Of Inflammation, Kendra J Greenlee, David B Corry, David A Engler, Risë K Matsunami, Philippe Tessier, Richard G Cook, Zena Werb, Farrah Kheradmand

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Clearance of allergic inflammatory cells from the lung through matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is necessary to prevent lethal asphyxiation, but mechanistic insight into this essential homeostatic process is lacking. In this study, we have used a proteomics approach to determine how MMPs promote egression of lung inflammatory cells through the airway. MMP2- and MMP9-dependent cleavage of individual Th2 chemokines modulated their chemotactic activity; however, the net effect of complementing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergen-challenged MMP2(-/-)/MMP9(-/-) mice with active MMP2 and MMP9 was to markedly enhance its overall chemotactic activity. In the bronchoalveolar fluid of MMP2(-/-)/MMP9(-/-) allergic mice, we identified several chemotactic …

Patient Education In Glaucoma: What Do Patients Know About Glaucoma?, Vital Paulino Costa, George L Spaeth, Maura Smith, Cordelia Uddoh, José Paulo Cabral Vasconcellos, Newton Kara-José

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To evaluate the knowledge glaucoma patients have about their disease and its treatment.

METHODS: One hundred and eighty-three patients were interviewed at the Glaucoma Service of Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, USA, Group 1) and 100 at the Glaucoma Service of University of Campinas (Campinas, Brazil, Group 2). An informal, relaxed atmosphere was created by the interviewer before asking a list of 18 open-ended questions.

RESULTS: In Group 1, 44% of the 183 patients did not have an acceptable idea about what glaucoma is, 30% did not know the purpose of the medications they were taking, 47% were not aware …

Celecoxib Decreases Prostaglandin E2 Concentrations In Nipple Aspirate Fluid From High Risk Postmenopausal Women And Women With Breast Cancer, Edward R. Sauter, Wenyi Quin, Lisa Schlatter, John E. Hewett, John T. Flynn

Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Faculty Papers

Background

Celecoxib inhibits PGE2 production in cancerous tissue. We previously reported that PGE2 levels in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and plasma were not decreased in women at increased breast cancer risk who received celecoxib 200 mg twice daily (bid). The endpoints of the current study were to determine if a short course of celecoxib 400 mg bid would decrease PGE2 levels in women 1) at increased breast cancer risk, and 2) with established breast cancer.

Methods

NAF and plasma samples were collected before, 2 weeks after taking celecoxib 400 mg bid, and two weeks after washout from 26 women who …

Treatment Of Spinal Tuberculosis: Role Of Surgical Intervention, Ather Enam, Ahmed Ali Shah

Section of Neurosurgery

The treatment of tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's disease) is essentially conservative and a vast majority of patients can be successfully managed on antituberculo us therapy (ATT) alone.1 Surgery is indicated in a few specific cases where deformity of spine, pain, or neurological compromise is becoming a serious issue. In cases where surgery is indicated the benefits are almost immediate and excellent. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of infectious disease-related deaths in under-developed countries and it has had a resurgence in developed countries as well. The most common site of bony dissemination of this disease is in …