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The Impact Of Traumatic Stress And Alcohol Exposure On Youth: Implications For Lawyers, Judges, And Courts, Frank E. Vandervort

Articles

Since its inception in the late nineteenth century, the juvenile court has been concerned with the legal problems of children and their families. From the court’s earliest days, it has sought to address child abuse and neglect and juvenile delinquency as social problems that result from familial and community breakdown. Over the decades, researchers from various disciplines have provided varying explanations of how and why family systems break down, why some parents fail to nurture their children, why some physically or sexually abuse their children, and why some children become delinquent.

Reducing Hiv/Aids In Young People In Sub-Sahara Africa: Gaps In Research And The Role Of Theory, Kristien Michielsen, Marleen Bosmans, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

This paper discusses the role of education in preventing HIV in children and young people in sub-Sahara Africa and presents the results of policy advisory research conducted on behalf of the Belgian Development Cooperation. The research consisted of a literature review and a field study in Rwanda. Relative to the high number of HIV prevention activities in sub-Sahara Africa, there is a limited number of scientific data on HIV risk reduction interventions for young people in this region. Longitudinal studies are especially scarce. Preliminary results show that many interventions have only a marginal impact on reducing sexual risk behaviour. Factors …

Management Of The Neck In Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, David M. Cognetti, Edmund A. Pribitkin, William M. Keane

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

Differentiated thyroid cancer is characterized by an excellent long-term prognosis, which unlike other head and neck carcinomas, is not influenced definitively by regional lymph node metastasis. The relative rarity of the disease, together with its tendency for delayed metastasis and its low mortality, makes a prospective randomized trial comparing treatment outcomes difficult. As a result, the effect of cervical lymph node metastases on survival is unclear, making meaningful recommendations for their management somewhat subjective. This article discusses guidelines for the management of the neck in differentiated.

Technical Assistance For Implementing Best Practices In The Asia And Near East Region, M.E. Khan, Sohini Roychowdhury, Mary Philip Sebastian, Sitanshu Sekhar Kar, Anurag Mishra, Vivek Sharma, G. Narayana, Bhawana Sharma, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Ahmed Afifi

Reproductive Health

The Population Council's Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program offered technical assistance to any Asia Near East (ANE) country mission interested in funding adaptation of USAID‟s “best practices” in family planning or reproductive health. The ANE Bureau provided funding for the costs of FRONTIERS technical assistance. The overall objective of this study was to replicate and scale up "best practices" based on findings from FRONTIERS. The specific objectives were to institutionalize the Systematic Screening Instrument in the entire state of Uttarakhand, India; to strenghten emergency contraceptive pills service provision in Uttarakhand, India; and to enhance the use of Lactational Amenorrhea …

Situation Analysis Of The Integration Of Family Planning Services In Postpartum, Postabortion And Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission Programs In Nicaragua, Freddy Solis, Ana Del Carmen Rojas, Gadea Adilia, M. Estela Rivero-Fuentes, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

Between September 2005 and April 2007, FRONTIERS and Alva, a Nicaraguan consulting firm, conducted a situation analysis of the provision and use of contraceptive services in postpartum, postabortion and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs. The project‘s objective was to assess the degree to which contraceptive services were linked to postpartum, postabortion and PMTCT services and if this allowed the programs to meet the contraceptive needs of their clients. The project proposes recommendations for improving the quality of these programs.

Using Operations Research To Enhance Delivery Of Postpartum/Postabortion Family Planning Services In The Arab Region, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

The FRONTIERS program in Cairo organized a two-and-half day workshop to share programmatic experiences and lessons learned in integrating family planning with service providers from Egypt, Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen representing mid-level program managers and researchers. It was held in 2008 in tandem with a national end-of-project seminar for stakeholders in Egypt. Participants emphasized the need to capture missed opportunities in antenatal, delivery, postpartum or postabortion care by providing family planning services in all encounters between women and the health care system. They also agreed on an overarching need for operations research in assisting policy makers and program managers in …

Assessment Of Progress Of The Postabortion Care Initiative In Francophone Africa, Thierno Dieng, Mohamed Diadhiou, Nafissatou J. Diop, Youmane Niang Faye

Reproductive Health

The goals of this study were to assess the national situation concerning postabortion care (PAC) in six countries (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo), including the process of introduction, integration and decentralization of PAC; the successes and obstacles in the process of introducing PAC; and recommended key steps to strengthen the introductory process. The study used two approaches: a comprehensive review of the introduction and institutionalization of PAC in the six countries, and a situation analysis of PAC services within each country.

Constructing 'Health', Defining 'Choice': Legal And Policy Perspetives On The Post-Pgd Embryo In Four Jurisdictions, Estair Van Wagner, Roxanne Mykitiuk, Jeff Nisker

Articles & Book Chapters

Through Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, embryos created by IVF are selected for transfer to a woman based on particular characterisations, including the presence of genetic markers or a tissue match for a sibling. In this paper we examine the precise language used in the recent policy and regulatory documents of four jurisdictions (the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and New Zealand) that in any way characterises the post-PGD embryo. We then explore the mutually constructed relationship between how that embryo is characterised and the purposes for which PGD is applied, as well as the types of uses to which the post-PGD embryo …

Multiple Forms Of Atypical Rearrangements Generating Supernumerary Derivative Chromosome 15., Nicholas J Wang, Alexander S Parokonny, Karen N Thatcher, Jennette Driscoll, Barbara M Malone, Naghmeh Dorrani, Marian Sigman, Janine M Lasalle, N Carolyn Schanen

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Maternally-derived duplications that include the imprinted region on the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 underlie a complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, seizures and a substantial risk for autism spectrum disorders1. The duplications most often take the form of a supernumerary pseudodicentric derivative chromosome 15 [der(15)] that has been called inverted duplication 15 or isodicentric 15 [idic(15)], although interstitial rearrangements also occur. Similar to the deletions found in most cases of Angelman and Prader Willi syndrome, the duplications appear to be mediated by unequal homologous recombination involving low copy repeats (LCR) that are found clustered in the …

Understanding The Relationship Between The Diligence Inventory-Higher Education Edition And The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator In The Admission Of College Students To An Orthopaedics-Based Honors Program, Michael A. Harstine

Dissertations

Problem. The Orthopaedic Scholar Institute (OSI) Team realized its need for a more objective selection and admission process that, as much as possible, quantified the characteristics desired in OSI students rather than relying solely on referral perception, intuition, and an interview, but it did not have a clear method or approach to do so. Administering standardized inventories that highlighted these desired characteristics and aided in the selection and admission process seemed to be an objective approach to obtain more quantifiable data. The problem for my study was, therefore, whether the Myers- Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) alone could measure a student’s …

Hiv, Hepatitis B And Hepatitis C Coinfection In Kenya, Reena Shah, Jane Karuru, Mark Nelson, Justin Stebbing

Internal Medicine, East Africa

There are few data regarding hepatitis and HIV coinfection in Africa. In 378 HIV seropositive individuals in Nairobi, 23 (6%) were hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV coinfected, four (1%) were hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV coinfected and one patient was infected with all three viruses. Coinfected individuals were more likely to be men and older; a lack of HBV vaccination was a risk factor for HIV/HBV coinfection (PU0.001) and tenofovir containing regimens appeared most effective at reducing HBV viral load.

Living Past Your Expiration Date: A Phenomenological Study Of Living With Stage Iv Cancer Longer Than Expected, Cynthia Levine

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

More treatment options exist today for persons diagnosed with terminal cancerextending lives longer than expected though there is little known about the psychosocial needs or resources for these individuals. This study describes the experience of living past the expiration date and still living with Stage IV cancer. A transcendental phenomenological approach was used to elucidate vivid expressions of this experience in a sample population of five Caucasian women. The women survived beyond their prognoses of an earlier expiration are not close to imminent death and are still living with incurable breast cancer metastases. The aim of this phenomenological inquiry is …

Poetic Leadership, A Territory Of Aesthetic Consciousness And Change, R. Amrit Kasten-Daryanani

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Poetic leadership is a new theoretical construct that views leadership as an activity that unites a lyrical intellect with keenly felt emotion for the purpose of producing changes in the consciousness of self and others. This change begins within the interiority of self, moving surely to broader realms of one's surroundings and society, provoking movement that impacts the developing potential of the individual and the cultural milieu in which they exist. Emotion is the primary trace into consciousness used in this dissertation, which serves to unite experiences of the heart with experiences of the mind. The unification of these disparate …

The Role Of Sse1 In The De Novo Formation And Variant Determination Of The [Psi+] Prion, Jaou-Chen Huang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In several species, a family of nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) composed of three isotypes, is expressed in somatic cells and germ cells of the ovary as well as the testis. Invalidation of these receptors in mice or stimulation of these receptors in vivo or in vitro showed that each receptor has physiological roles in the gamete maturation or the embryo development. In addition, synthetic PPAR gamma ligands are recently used to induce ovulation in women with polycystic ovary disease. These results reveal the positive actions of PPAR in reproduction. On the other hand, xenobiotics molecules (in herbicides, …

Spinal Cord Stimulation: An Update., Steven Falowski, Amanda Celii, Ashwini Sharan

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Spinal cord stimulation has been used in the treatment of many chronic pain disorders since 1967. In this update, the indications for spinal cord stimulation are reviewed with attention to recent publications. A focused review of the literature on abdominal and visceral pain syndromes is also provided. Furthermore, the technology has evolved from the use of monopolar electrodes to complex electrode arrays. Similarly, the power source has changed from a radio frequency-driven system to a rechargeable impulse generator. These topics are covered, along with a short discussion of implant technique. Finally, we include a review of complications of such therapy. …

The Evaluation Of Midazolam On Head Injured Patients In The Prehospital Setting, Dragana Klinac

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Midazolam (Hypnovel ®) is the only sedating agent used by paramedics at St John Ambulance Service W.A. in the management of many conditions including seizure activities, antisocial or uncontrollable behaviours, back pain incidents and head injuries. Midazolam, with a rapid absorption, fast onset of action and short duration on neurological activity, has been accepted as a safe and effective agent in prehospital treatment since the late-1990s. Often, if a patient is not complying with treatment or is uncontrollable or aggressive, paramedics are required to sedate the individual. This study primarily examines the use of midazolam for the sedation of unmanageable …

Determining Standard Criteria For Endotracheal Suctioning In The Paediatric Intensive Care Patient: An Exploratory Study [Thesis], Kylie Davies

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Endotracheal tube (ETT) suction is a common nursing procedure within the paediatric intensive care (PIC) setting. Significant side effects associated with this procedure can dramatically affect the stability of the critically ill ventilated paediatric patient. A comprehensive literature review failed to establish clear standards for determining when the procedure is warranted, especially in the paediatric population. This can present difficulty for the inexperienced paediatric intensive care nurse when assessing a patient's need for ETT suction. The aim of the research was to design an evidence based endotracheal suction assessment tool (ESAT) for use by nurses caring for paediatric patients. The …

The Effect Of Nurse Initiated Paracetamol On Emergency Department Patients With Pain From Low Acuity Injury, Joanne G. Wilson

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Early identification and management of pain was identified at the commencement of this study as a key area requiring research in emergency departments. Prolonged waiting times for analgesia especially, was highlighted in the National Institute of Clinical Studies emergency department collaborative in 2003. Many barriers exist for a patient to receive analgesia. In Western Australia this is compounded by the legislation which restricts prescribing rights for nurses. Three considerations guided the development of the research project. Firstly, the patient has initial contact with the emergency department from the nurse at triage. Secondly, paracetamol was recognised as a potentially effective analgesic …

Beliefs, Perceptions, And Preferences For Treatment In Latinas With Breast Cancer, Barbara Ann Kreling

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research documents that breast cancer is the leading cause of death in Latina females. The exact numbers are unknown, but studies reveal that Latinas with breast cancer underuse recommended follow-up chemotherapy, decreasing their rates of survival. Although several factors may be responsible, cultural influences are a possible barrier. However, there is a gap in the literature about how culture affects decisions about breast cancer treatment. This focused ethnographic study examined the role of cultural beliefs and perceptions in the decision-making process for Latina women about whether or not to receive chemotherapy following a breast cancer diagnosis. Drawing from Douglas' cultural …

Timing Of Fetal Exposure To Stress Hormones: Effects On Newborn Physical And Neuromuscular Maturation, Lauren M. Ellman, Christine Dunkel Schetter, Calvin J. Hobel, Aleksandra Chicz-Demet, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The purpose of the study was to determine the specific periods during pregnancy in which human fetal exposure to stress hormones affects newborn physical and neuromuscular maturation. Blood was collected from 158 women at 15, 19, 25, and 31 weeks' gestation. Levels of placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and maternal cortisol were determined from plasma. Newborns were evaluated with the New Ballard Maturation Score. Results indicated that increases in maternal cortisol at 15, 19, and 25 weeks and increases in placental CRH at 31 weeks were significantly associated with decreases in infant maturation among mates (even after con trolling for length …

Primary Drug Resistance To Anti-Tuberculous Drugs In Karachi, Arshad Javaid, Nadim Rizvi, Mosavir Ansari, Ashraf Sadiq, Iqbal Sher Burki, Nadeem Ur Rehman, Rumina Hasan, Afia Zafar

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To assess the frequency of primary drug resistance among newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases in Karachi.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Multicentric study involving various TB clinics and treatment centres of Karachi between April to December 2005.
Methodology: The frequency of drug resistance among new TB patients was evaluated using a non-probability convenient sampling methodology. Sputum sample was obtained from 140 newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive patients of pulmonary tuberculosis from various centres of Karachi. Sensitivities were performed by proportion method.
Results: Fifteen (11.5%) samples in 130 eligible patients showed primary resistance to one …

Primary Drug Resistance To Antituberculous Drugs In Nwfp Pakistan, Arshad Javaid, Abdul Ghafoor, Abdul Rab, Anila Basit, Zia Ullah, Shaukat Ali, Afia Zafar, Rumina Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To assess the prevalence of Primary drug resistance to Antituberculous drugs in NWFP
Method: A cross-sectional prevalence study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of drug resistance among new TB patients, using a non-probability convenience sampling methodology. Sample size was calculated according to the population and WHO's estimated incidence of smear positive tuberculosis in the province/country. Sputum samples were obtained from 122 newly diagnosed patients of pulmonary tuberculosis from centres in Peshawar and Abbotabad in NWFP.
Results: Sensitivities were performed by proportion method which showed the following resistance values in 118 eligible patients: 15 (12.7 %) …

An Assessment Of Athletic Health Care Provided To High School Athletes In Indiana, Lori Jane Vancza

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess various aspects of athletic health care being provided to athletes in high risk sports in Indiana and the personnel providing this care relative to school enrollment size in comparison to the recent recommendations published by the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) regarding appropriate medical care for secondary school-aged athletes. Design and Settings: Based on a literature review, a 34 item web based survey for athletic directors (ADs) and a 33 item web based survey for identified head coaches were developed and distributed to 406 Indiana High School ADs. The survey instruments …

Aoa Symposium. Orthopaedists Partnering With Other Physicians To Provide Musculoskeletal Care., Alan Hilibrand, Kurt P Spindler, Scott D Boden

Rothman Institute Papers

No abstract provided.

How To Prevent Perioperative Myocardial Injury: The Conundrum Continues, Jian-Zhong Sun, David Maguire

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) remains a major cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality but clinical strategies to prevent PMI are still uncertain.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We comprehensively searched PubMed for major research articles concerning clinical strategies to prevent PMI. The key findings are as follows: (1) the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery is very useful to stratify cardiac risk preoperatively; (2) cardiac troponin has emerged as a biomarker to diagnose postoperative PMI and to predict clinical outcomes; (3) coronary revascularization before noncardiac surgery probably would provide cardiac protection in …

Etiology And Disturbance Of Consciousnessin Stroke: A Hospital-Based Study, Hamzullah Khan, Muhammad Zarif

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula:Clinical Presentation And Outcome, Atta A. Bhatti, S. Soulat Raza, Ehsan Bari, S. Ather Enam, Tanveer Ul Haq, Zafar Sajjad

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion Anaesthesia And Insertion Techniques, Abdul Monem, Fauzia A. Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

Laryngeal Mask Airway has gained wide acceptance for routine airway management, difficult airway and in emergency situations. The classical method of insertion was recommended by Dr Brain. Over the years various induction and insertion techniques have been described with variable results. Combination of induction agents with narcotics, with or without small dose muscle relaxants has been found to be very effective. There is less also lesser incidence of mucosal trauma with partially inflated cuff. Insertion with cuff facing laterally or backwards and rotating it forwards into position has also been described. A review of various options and their advantages and …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 83, No. 20, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

Understanding Barriers For Adherence To Follow-Up Care For Abnormal Pap Tests, Katherine S. Eggleston, Ann L. Coker, Irene Prabhu Das, Suzanne T. Cordray, Kathryn J. Luchok

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objective: Approximately 4000 women annually will die from preventable and treatable cervical cancer. Failure to adhere to follow-up recommendations after an abnormal Pap test can lead to development of cervical cancer. This paper summarizes the body of literature on adherence to follow-up after an abnormal Pap test in order to facilitate development of interventions

to decrease morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of published literature addressing risk factors for adherence or interventions to improve adherence following an abnormal Pap test as the outcome. We included peer-reviewed original research conducted in the …