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Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 11, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Murray, Debra. Campaigning During COVID-19
• Stryker, Shane. Third Party Candidates Present Options Outside Democrats & Republicans
• WKU Young Democrats
• WKU College Republicans
• Serrano, Francisco. A Voice of Change for the Young Generation
• Thornton, Maggie. Kentucky’s 1^st Congressional District
• Holland, Kelley. Kentucky’s 2^nd Congressional District
• Latimer, Jacob. Senate Candidates on College-Level Issues – Mitch McConnell, Amy McGrath
• Collins, Michael. District 20 Candidates on the Issues – Patti Minter, Leanette Lopez
• Who’s Running for City Commission?

Congenital Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Inflammatory Chemokines Provide Axes For Effective Recruitment Of Therapeutic Adult Stem Cell Into Muscles, Vitali Alexeev, Jacquelyn Olavarria, Paolo Bonaldo, Luciano Merlini, Olga Igoucheva

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Background: Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle weakness. The two most prevalent forms of CMD, collagen VI-related myopathies (COL6RM) and laminin α2 deficient CMD type 1A (MDC1A), are both caused by deficiency or dysfunction of extracellular matrix proteins. Previously, we showed that an intramuscular transplantation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) into the muscle of the Col6a1-/- mice results in efficient stem cell engraftment, migration, long-term survival, and continuous production of the collagen VI protein, suggesting the feasibility of the systemic cellular therapy for COL6RM. In order for this …

Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio: A Biomarker To Monitor The Immune Status Of Astronauts, Amber M. Paul, Siddhita D. Mhatre, Egle Cekanaviciute, Ann-Sofie Schreurs, Candice G.T. Tahimic, Ruth K. Globus, Sulekha Anand, Brian E. Crucian, Sharmila Bhattacharya

Publications

A comprehensive understanding of spaceflight factors involved in immune dysfunction and the evaluation of biomarkers to assess in-flight astronaut health are essential goals for NASA. An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a potential biomarker candidate, as leukocyte differentials are altered during spaceflight. In the reduced gravity environment of space, rodents and astronauts displayed elevated NLR and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios (GLR), respectively. To simulate microgravity using two well-established ground-based models, we cultured human whole blood-leukocytes in high-aspect rotating wall vessels (HARV-RWV) and used hindlimb unloaded (HU) mice. Both HARV-RWV simulation of leukocytes and HU-exposed mice showed elevated NLR profiles comparable to spaceflight …

Associations Between Household-Level Exposures And All-Cause Diarrhea And Pathogen-Specific Enteric Infections In Children Enrolled In Five Sentinel Surveillance Studies, Josh M. Colston, Abu S G. Faruque, M Jahangir Hossain, Debasish Saha, Suman Kanungo, Inácio Mandomando, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Richard Omore, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Diarrheal disease remains a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity causing poor health and economic outcomes. In low-resource settings, young children are exposed to numerous risk factors for enteric pathogen transmission within their dwellings, though the relative importance of different transmission pathways varies by pathogen species. The objective of this analysis was to model associations between five household-level risk factors-water, sanitation, flooring, caregiver education, and crowding-and infection status for endemic enteric pathogens in children in five surveillance studies. Data were combined from 22 sites in which a total of 58,000 stool samples were tested for 16 specific enteropathogens using …

Ventricular Septal Aneurysm Mimicking Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Mass In A Patient With Ventricular Septal Defect., Nikhil A. Mehta Md, Syed Rafay Ali Sabzwari, Sara Godil Md, Ghulam Akbar Md, Raman Dusaj Md, Neeraj Shah

Cardiology Division

A 50-year-old man presented with an episode of chest pain. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed the presence of a large ventricular septal aneurysm partially closing a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, prolapsing into the right ventricular outflow tract, and mimicking a mass. We illustrate the diagnostic approach and management of such ventricular septal aneurysms. (

Adverse Health Effects Associated With Household Air Pollution: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, And Burden Estimation Study, Kuan Ken Lee, Rong Bing, Joanne Kiang, Sophia Bashir, Nicholas Spath, Dominik Stelzle, Kevin Mortimer, Anda Bularga, Dimitrios Doudesis, Michael Chung

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: 3 billion people worldwide rely on polluting fuels and technologies for domestic cooking and heating. We estimate the global, regional, and national health burden associated with exposure to household air pollution.

Methods: For the systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched four databases for studies published from database inception to April 2, 2020, that evaluated the risk of adverse cardiorespiratory, paediatric, and maternal outcomes from exposure to household air pollution, compared with no exposure. We used a random-effects model to calculate disease-specific relative risk (RR) meta-estimates. Household air pollution exposure was defined as use of polluting fuels (coal, wood, …

Comparison Of Figure Of Eight And Traditional Simple Wire Closure Method To Prevent Dehiscence After Sternal Closure, Aleezay Asghar, Khawaja Muhammad Talha, Muneer Amanullah, Syed Shahabuddin

Medical College Documents

Objective: To investigate significant differences, if any, between figure of-eight method and simple wire closure technique in reducing the incidence of infectious and non-infectious sternal dehiscence in patients undergoing sternal closure.
Methods: The systematic review was conducted in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department at Aga Khan University from 1st December 2015 to 13th December 2017. The review was registered with PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Pubmed, Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Scopus databases were searched for articles published up to December 13, 2017. The search was limited to randomised control trials, clinical trials, retrospective cohort studies, journal analyses, systematic …

Distinct Clinicopathologic Clusters Of Persons With Tdp-43 Proteinopathy, Yuriko Katsumata, Erin L. Abner, Shama Karanth, Merilee A. Teylan, Charles N. Mock, Matthew D. Cykowski, Edward B. Lee, Kevin L. Boehme, Shubhabrata Mukherjee, John S. K. Kauwe, Richard J. Kryscio, Frederick A. Schmitt, David W. Fardo, Peter T. Nelson

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

To better understand clinical and neuropathological features of TDP-43 proteinopathies, data were analyzed from autopsied research volunteers who were followed in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) data set. All subjects (n = 495) had autopsy-proven TDP-43 proteinopathy as an inclusion criterion. Subjects underwent comprehensive longitudinal clinical evaluations yearly for 6.9 years before death on average. We tested whether an unsupervised clustering algorithm could detect coherent groups of TDP-43 immunopositive cases based on age at death and extensive neuropathologic data. Although many of the brains had mixed pathologies, four discernible clusters were identified. Key differentiating features were age at …

Modeling Age-Dependent Developmental Changes In The Expression Of Genes Involved In Citrulline Synthesis Using Pig Enteroids, Mahmoud A Mohammad, Inka C Didelija, Barbara Stoll, Douglas G Burrin, Juan C Marini

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

metabolism of citrulline and arginine are well characterized. Enteroids, a novel ex-vivo model that recreates the three-dimensional structure of the intestinal crypt-villus unit, have shown to replicate molecular and physiological profiles of the intestinal segment from where they originated ("location memory").

Objective: The present study tested the hypothesis that enteroids recapitulate the developmental changes observed in vivo regarding citrulline production in pigs ("developmental memory").

Methods: Preterm (10- and 5-d preterm) and term pigs at birth, together with 7- and 35-d-old pigs were studied. Gene expression was measured in jejunal samples and in enteroids derived from this segment. Whole body citrulline …

Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Care Models: Toward Achieving Effective Interdisciplinary Care., Janani Rangaswami, Katherine Tuttle, Muthiah Vaduganathan

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Management Of Acute Ischemic Stroke., Franziska Herpich, Fred Rincon

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Concise "synthetic" review of the state of the art of management of acute ischemic stroke.

DATA SOURCES: Available literature on PubMed.

STUDY SELECTION: We selected landmark studies, recent clinical trials, observational studies, and professional guidelines on the management of stroke including the last 10 years.

DATA EXTRACTION: Eligible studies were identified and results leading to guideline recommendations were summarized.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Stroke mortality has been declining over the past 6 decades, and as a result, stroke has fallen from the second to the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. This trend may follow recent advances in …

Return To Play After Isolated Meniscal Repairs In Athletes: A Systematic Review., Erica R Blanchard, Christopher J Hadley, Eric D Wicks, William Emper, Stephen B. Cohen

Rothman Institute Papers

Background: Meniscal tears are a common knee injury. Isolated meniscal tears are less common; however, unaddressed tears can be troublesome, particularly for athletes. There is currently a lack of data in the literature on athletes returning to play after isolated meniscal repair.

Purpose: To evaluate the return to play rate and time to return to play for athletes with isolated meniscal injuries.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases was conducted to identify studies that reported the time and the rate of return to play in athletes after …

Vitamin D Levels Affect Survival In A Bcr-Abl Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Mouse Model But Do Not Cause Vitamin-Drug Interactions, Kavya Annu

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

It is a well-established phenomenon that dietary components containing CYP3A inducers or inhibitors if co-administered with drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates lead to marked drug-drug interactions. Because vitamin D is known to regulate intestinal CYP3A expression and gut CYP3A expression plays an important role in pre-systemic metabolism of CYP3A drugs, we determined the impact of vitamin D (VD3) status on systemic exposure and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents that are CYP3A substrates. We employed VD3 sufficient and deficient mice to perform pharmacokinetics (PK) and anti-leukemic efficacy studies.

First, using hCYP3A4 transgenic mouse model we evaluated the intestinal, hepatic and renal expression …

Characterizing Prenatal Maternal Distress With Unique Prenatal Cortisol Trajectories, Gage Peterson, Emma V. Espel, Elyssia Poggi Davis, Curt A. Sandman, Laura M. Glynn

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: It is widely assumed that glucocorticoids represent a primary mechanism through which exposure to adversity and maternal psychological distress shape prenatal developmental trajectories of both mother and fetus. However, despite repeated investigations and the fact that prenatal cortisol has been reliably linked to developmental outcomes, the empirical evidence supporting an association between prenatal cortisol and maternal distress is scarce. In this study, a novel approach to assessing links between maternal prenatal psychological distress and gestational cortisol profiles, general growth mixture modeling (GGMM), was applied. Method: Measures of pregnancy anxiety, perceived stress, and state anxiety and depressive symptoms as well …

Microrna-Based Biomarkers In Alzheimer’S Disease (Ad), Yuhai Zhao, Vivian Jaber, Peter N. Alexandrov, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista, Harald Hampel, Walter J. Lukiw

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, age-related neurological disease characterized by complex pathophysiological dynamics taking place at multiple biological levels, including molecular, genetic, epigenetic, cellular and large-scale brain networks. These alterations account for multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as brain protein accumulation, neuroinflammatory/neuro-immune processes, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration that eventually lead to cognitive and behavioral decline. Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) signaling have been implicated in the epigenetics and molecular genetics of all neurobiological processes associated with AD pathophysiology. These changes encompass altered miRNA abundance, speciation and complexity in anatomical regions of the CNS targeted by the disease, including modified miRNA expression …

Combating Acquired Resistance To Mapk Inhibitors In Melanoma By Targeting Abl1/2-Mediated Reactivation Of Mek/Erk/Myc Signaling, Rakshamani Tripathi, Zulong Liu, Aditi Jain, Anastasia Lyon, Christina Meeks, Dana Richards, Jinpeng Liu, Daheng He, Chi Wang, Marika Nespi, Andrey Rymar, Peng Wang, Melissa Wilson, Rina Plattner

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Metastatic melanoma remains an incurable disease for many patients due to the limited success of targeted and immunotherapies. BRAF and MEK inhibitors reduce metastatic burden for patients with melanomas harboring BRAF mutations; however, most eventually relapse due to acquired resistance. Here, we demonstrate that ABL1/2 kinase activities and/or expression are potentiated in cell lines and patient samples following resistance, and ABL1/2 drive BRAF and BRAF/MEK inhibitor resistance by inducing reactivation of MEK/ERK/MYC signaling. Silencing/inhibiting ABL1/2 blocks pathway reactivation, and resensitizes resistant cells to BRAF/MEK inhibitors, whereas expression of constitutively active ABL1/2 is sufficient to promote resistance. Significantly, nilotinib (2nd generation …

Thalamus And Focal To Bilateral Seizures: A Multiscale Cognitive Imaging Study., Lorenzo Caciagli, Luke A Allen, Xiaosong He, Karin Trimmel, Sjoerd B Vos, Maria Centeno, Marian Galovic, Meneka K Sidhu, Pamela J Thompson, Danielle S Bassett, Gavin P Winston, John S Duncan, Matthias J Koepp, Michael R Sperling

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the functional correlates of recurrent secondarily generalized seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using task-based fMRI as a framework to test for epilepsy-specific network rearrangements. Because the thalamus modulates propagation of temporal lobe onset seizures and promotes cortical synchronization during cognition, we hypothesized that occurrence of secondarily generalized seizures, i.e., focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS), would relate to thalamic dysfunction, altered connectivity, and whole-brain network centrality.

METHODS: FBTCS occur in a third of patients with TLE and are a major determinant of disease severity. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 113 patients with drug-resistant TLE (55 …

Association Between Perioperative Hypothermia And Surgical Site Infection After Elective Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study, Tayyab Siddiqiui, K. M. Inam Pal, Fatima Shaukat, Hadika Mubashir, Alisha Akbar Ali, Muhammad Jehangir A. Malik, Noman Shahzad

Section of General Surgery

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) account for 14-16% of nosocomial infections and are one of the major causes of increased morbidity, hospital stay, cost of care, and even mortality. Hypothermia as a risk factor for SSI is debated but there is lack of conclusive evidence. The present study explores the association of hypothermia with SSI.
Methodology: This is a prospective cohort study conducted on adult patients who underwent elective laparotomy. Patients were divided into two cohorts, the Hypothermia Cohort and the Normothermia Cohort, based upon episodes of hypothermia of <36⁰C in the perioperative period. SSI was diagnosed based upon …

Occult Nodal Metastasis In Oral Cavity Cancers, Asif Ali Arain, Muhammad Shaheryar Ahmed Rajput, Shakil Akhtar Ansari, Zafar Mahmood, Ahmad Nawaz Ahmad, Muhammad Razzaq Dogar, Anwar Suhail

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Introduction: In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, there is always a risk of occult metastasis to neck nodes in the clinically and radiologically negative neck (N0). Therefore, elective neck dissection (END) has ever been under discussion since the beginning of their routine use for the management of neck for oral carcinomas. The purpose of the current study is to identify the percentage of occult nodal metastasis to neck levels I-V in the cases of oral carcinoma who were treated for the N0 with END.
Methods: Patients who were treated between June 2005 and May 2010 with END …

Release And Extraction Of Retained Subfoveal Perfluorocarbon Liquid Facilitated By Subretinal Bss, Vibration, And Gravity: A Case Report., Kosuke Takahashi, Shuhei Kimura, Mio Morizane Hosokawa, Yusuke Shiode, Shinichiro Doi, Ryo Matoba, Yuki Kanzaki, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Yuki Morizane

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) is an effective surgical adjuvant in performing vitrectomy for severe vitreoretinal pathologies such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and giant retinal tears. However, subretinal retention of PFCL can occur postoperatively and retained PFCL causes severe visual disorders, particularly when PFCL was retained under the fovea. Although several procedures have been proposed for subfoveal PFCL removal, such as direct aspiration or submacular injection of balanced salt solution (BSS) to dislodge the subfoveal PFCL, the retinal damage associated with these procedures has been a major problem. Here, we report a case of subfoveal retention of PFCL for which we performed …

Anesthetic Use In Status Epilepticus: A Concise Review, Furkan M. Yilmaz, Lauren A. Igneri, Yasir A. Yilmaz, Evren Burakgazi-Dalkilic

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature focusing on intravenous (IV) administration of commonly used anesthetics, including midazolam, pentobarbital/ thiopental, propofol, and ketamine in the treatment of status epilepticus (SE). Anesthetics should be reserved as third-line therapy for the treatment of SE when benzodiazepines and other second-line agents fail to terminate the seizure. We have reviewed the literature related to the treatment of status epilepticus, refractory status epilepticus, super-refractory status epilepticus, anesthetics, midazolam, pentobarbital/thiopental, propofol, and ketamine. This paper focuses on the pharmacology, dosages, major side effects, and clinical use of IV anesthetics in the treatment …

Optimizing Wellness In Academic Emergency Medicine, Kristen E. Nordenholz, Al'ai Alvarez, Michelle D. Lall, Christine Stehman, Cindy C. Bitter, Emily L. Hirsh, Rita Manfredi, Rosanna D. Sikora, Dave W. Lu, Leon D. Sanchez, Matthew L. Wong, Steven Bird, Andra L. Blomkalns

Journal of Wellness

Introduction

Academic Emergency Physicians (EPs) face additional unique challenges in optimizing wellness compared to community EPs.

Objective

Our objective was to explore specific individual and systems challenges that academic EPs encounter that affect their wellbeing and professional fulfillment in emergency medicine (EM).

Methods

An expert group of academic EPs convened in 2019 at the annual meeting of the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine to investigate the overall causes of burnout in healthcare providers, the effects of burnout on the healthcare system, specific causes of burnout in EM, and the distinct challenges facing academic emergency physicians.

Results

We outline specific causes …

Acute Systemic Inflammatory Response Alters Transcription Profile Of Genes Related To Immune Response And Ca 2+ Homeostasis In Hippocampus; Relevance To Neurodegenerative Disorders, Grzegorz A. Czapski, Yuhai Zhao, Walter J. Lukiw, Joanna B. Strosznajder

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Acute systemic inflammatory response (SIR) triggers an alteration in the transcription of brain genes related to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cells death. These changes are also characteristic for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology. Our aim was to evaluate gene expression patterns in the mouse hippocampus (MH) by using microarray technology 12 and 96 h after SIR evoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results were compared with microarray analysis of human postmortem hippocampal AD tissues. It was found that 12 h after LPS administration the expression of 231 genes in MH was significantly altered (FC > 2.0); however, after 96 h only the S100a8 …

Brucella Melitensis-Induced Transaminitis, Rajesh Essrani Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Applicants' Interview Experience Of Family Medicine Residency Match: Reflections From A Quality Improvement Initiative At A Community Hospital, Abdul Waheed, Masooma S. Rana, Muhammad A. Rauf, Landen Green, Salma Green, Erum Azhar

Medical College Documents

Background and objective: Both family medicine applicants and programs dedicate significant resources to the interview process, a time for both parties to make an impression on the other in an attempt to find their best match. Despite the importance of this process, little research has been completed to ensure the process efficiently addresses applicant preferences on interview day and the surrounding process. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the family medicine applicant preferences regarding the pre-interview, interview, and post-interview ranking process.
Methods: The study method was a cross-sectional electronic survey utilizing anonymous questionnaires that assessed demographics, pre-interview, interview, …

Bioactivating A Bone Substitute Accelerates Graft Incorporation In A Murine Model Of Vertical Ridge Augmentation, Jinlong Chen, Xue Yuan, Zhijun Li, Daniel J Bahat, Jill A Helms

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: Compared to autologous bone grafts, allogeneic bone grafts integrate slowly, which can adversely affect clinical outcomes. Here, our goal was to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying graft incorporation, and then test clinically feasible methods to accelerate this process.

METHODS: Wild-type and transgenic Wnt "reporter" mice were used in a vertical ridge augmentation procedure. The surgery consisted of tunneling procedure to elevate the maxillary edentulous ridge periosteum, followed by the insertion of bone graft. Micro-computed tomographic imaging, and molecular/cellular analyses were used to follow the bone graft over time. Sclerostin null mice, and mice carrying an activated form of β-catenin …

Evaluation Of An Immunomodulatory Probiotic Intervention For Veterans With Co-Occurring Mild Traumatic Brain Injury And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study, Lisa A. Brenner, Jeri E. Forster, Kelly A. Stearns-Yoder, Christopher E. Stamper, Andrew J. Hoisington, Diana P. Brostow, Merideth Mealer, Hal S. Wortzel, Teodor T. Postolache, Christopher A. Lowry

Faculty Publications

Background: US military Veterans returned from Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) with symptoms associated with mild traumatic brain injury [mTBI; i.e., persistent post-concussive (PPC) symptoms] and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Interventions aimed at addressing symptoms associated with both physical and psychological stressors (e.g., PPC and PTSD symptoms) are needed. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a probiotic intervention, as well as to begin the process of evaluating potential biological outcomes.

Effect Of Age At Menarche On Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Incidence And Anterior Knee Laxity In Collegiate Athletes, Andrew W. Froehle, Joseph T. Cox, Jedediah H. May, Kimberly A. Grannis, Dana L. Duren

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Female athletes suffer painful, costly, and career-limiting non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries more often than males. Previous research suggests that pubertal neuromusculoskeletal development contributes to this sex-bias, but the manner in which variation in pubertal development affects injury risk within females is poorly understood. Age at menarche is a variable, significant pubertal developmental event, signaling the onset of estrogen cycling and affecting musculoskeletal development. Earlier menarche may increase injury risk, possibly by increasing anterior knee laxity through prolonged estrogen exposure. The purpose of this case-control study was to test the primary hypothesis that collegiate athletes with previous ACL injuries …

Oral Microbiome And Gingival Tissue Apoptosis And Autophagy Transcriptomics, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Sreenatha S. Kirakodu, Elliot Neumann, Luis Orraca, Janis Gonzalez Martinez, Octavio A. Gonzalez

Center for Oral Health Research Faculty Publications

Objective: This study focused on documenting characteristics of the gingival transcriptome during various stages of periodontitis targeting genes associated with apoptotic and autophagic pathways and changes that specifically associate with features of the oral microbiome.

Methods: Macaca mulatta (n = 18; 12–23 years) were examined at baseline and 0.5, 1, and 3 months of disease progression, as well as 5 months with clinical disease resolution. 16S sequencing and microarray analyses examined changes in the microbiome and gingival transcriptome, respectively, at each time point from every animal.

Results: Specific patterns of apoptotic and autophagic genes were identified related to the …

Diabetes Mellitus Does Not Predict Discharge In Hospitalized Patients With Acute Pyelonephritis: A Study From Karachi, Pakistan, Syed Furrukh Omair, Fazal Ur Rehman, Imrana Amin, Syed Ahsan Ali, Bakhtawar J. Rind, Bilal Ahmed

Section of Nephrology

Introduction: The incidence of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in the diabetic population is comparatively higher and tends to be more complicated, with serious outcomes. Although complicated pyelonephritis (PN) needs hospital admission and intravenous antibiotics, the magnitude of hospital stay due to comorbidities is limited. This study's aim was to assess the impact of diabetes mellitus on length of hospital stay among patients with PN.
Methods: We did a retrospective data review of 520 randomly selected hospitalized patients of PN from March 2015 to December 2019 from a tertiary care center. Electronic medical records were used for identifying medical conditions through ICD-10 …