Digital Commons Network^™

An Integrated Cardiometabolic Genetic Testing Program In A Predominantly Hispanic Population Within A Community Setting, Bo Yuan, Layla A Abushamat, Stacey Pereira, Surya Narayan Mulukutla, Grace E Tietz, Eric Venner, Sara E Kalla, Breanna Lee, Donna Muzny, Ginger Metcalf, Mullai Murugan, Sarah H Elsea, Senkottuvelan Kadirvel, Lele Li, Joshi Stephen, Shengfeng Xu, Victoria Yi, Monica Sulit, Christie L Kovar, Kimberly Walker, Marie-Claude Gingras, Jianhong Hu, Fei Yan, Taeko Gerber, Viktoriya Korchina, C Michael Fordis, Ruchi Gaba, Mahesh Changlani, Herschl Silberman, Hadley Stevens Smith, Christine M Eng, Jennifer E Posey, Clarisa Medina, Lisa R Treviño, Christie M Ballantyne, Richard A Gibbs, Ashok Balasubramanyam

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: This study aimed to apply cardiometabolic genetic testing in a community setting with a predominantly Hispanic population and assess feasibility and perspectives toward genetic testing.

Methods: A genome-sequencing-based genetic panel for cardiometabolic disorders (177 genes related to monogenic conditions, 2 LPA risk alleles, 2 pharmacogenomic loci, and ancestry-adjusted polygenic risk scores for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease) was deployed in community cardiology and endocrinology clinics in South Texas. A survey on perceptions toward genetic testing was administered after return of results.

Results: Testing was completed for 776 patients (18-92 years old, 92% Hispanic). 26 patients (3.4%) were …

Fluoroquinolone Use And Risk Of Pneumothorax In Adults Hospitalized With Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Steven Yi B. S., Saurav Sumughan B.S., Jessica Cobb M. D., Erika J. Yoo

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between fluoroquinolone exposure and pneumothorax risk in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. We defined two mutually exclusive cohorts of hospitalized adults based on exposure to antibiotic classes commonly used to treat community acquired pneumonia: fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin) versus nonfluoroquinolone (amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline). Patients with connective tissue disorders were excluded. The primary outcome was the occurrence of pneumothorax within 60 days. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for demographics, …

Shsp Dean's Newsletter, Summer 2026, Brian J. Nickerson

SHSP Dean’s Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Clinical And Laboratory Profile Of Pediatric Covid-19 Cases: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study At The Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Oras Abd Al-Rahman Mankhi, Hassanien Habeeb Ghali

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a global health challenge. Although children are generally less severely affected than adults, severe outcomes and mortality continue to be reported, particularly in low-resource settings. paediatric cases may present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 in Iraq is essential for improving diagnosis, management, and outcomes.Objective: To describe the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital (CWTH), Baghdad, and to identify factors associated with disease severity.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on …

Social Phobia, Coping Strategies, And Socio-Demographic Associations Among Late Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ezhilan B U, Jesymol Joy, Smitha Chandrashekarappa Dr.

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood, often marked by psychological challenges such as social anxiety, also known as social phobia. It is characterized by excessive fear of social interactions and can lead to impaired functioning or depression. Globally, its prevalence ranges from 6-10% in developed countries and 10-44% in developing countries. Coping strategies play a crucial role in managing social phobia, varying by individual characteristics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of social phobia, identify coping strategies, and evaluate their association with socio-demographic factors among late adolescents.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted …

Neuroprotective Effects Of Sorghum Polyphenol In Alzheimer’S Disease: In Vitro And In Silico Analyses, Rasheed A. Abdulraheem, Ralph N. Martins, Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy, Mohammad A. Alshuniaber, Prashant Bharadwaj, Zhaoyu Li, Ranil Coorey, Vijay Jayasena, Stuart K. Johnson, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background/Objective: Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) senile plaques in the human brain is a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which manifests as progressive decline in memory and cognitive functions and currently lacks effective disease-modifying therapies. Emerging evidence demonstrates that polyphenol-rich plant foods are potential complementary therapies for AD. Methods: In this study, we investigated crude polyphenol extracts (CPEs) and purified polyphenol extracts (PPEs) from three sorghum genotypes for their ability to inhibit Aβ42-induced toxicity in MC-65 cells. Thioflavin T fluorescence, cell viability, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress assays, and Western blotting, along with RNA sequencing and computational analyses, were used to …

Cognitive Decline In Dutch-Type Hereditary And Sporadic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study, Rosemarie Van Dort, Vera C.J. Van Stek-Smits, Sanne E. Schriemer, Reinier G.J. Van Der Zwet, Manon R. Schipper, Sabine Voigt, Ellen P. Hart, Vandhana Easwaran, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Kevin Taddei, Samantha L. Gardener, Ralph N. Martins, Steven M. Greenberg, Matthias J.P. Van Osch, Marianne A.A. Van Walderveen, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Ellis S. Van Etten

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with cognitive impairment, but its longitudinal course of cognitive decline remains unclear. We investigated domain-specific cognitive trajectories in Dutch-type hereditary (D-CAA) and sporadic CAA (sCAA) to compare patterns and rates of decline. Methods: We included 181 participants – 93 D-CAA mutation carriers (59 without, 34 with prior intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH]) and 88 with sCAA (57 without, 31 with ICH) – who underwent annual neuropsychological assessment. Longitudinal change in global cognition, memory, processing speed, and executive function was analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: Over 5 years, cognitive decline was subtle but measurable. Memory …

Mental Health Stigma In Latin American Youth With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Ryan J Mccarty, Matias Jensen, Elissa Paz Jensen Santa Cruz, Melisa N Sagarnaga, Pamela Claisse Quiroz, Tomás Miño, Paola Giusti-Rodriguez, Mayra C Martinez Mallen, Maria B Moyano, Dayan Berrones, Jacey L Anderberg, Renee M Frederick, Hannah C Moore, Josselyn S Muñoz, Vanessa Zavala Cruz, Latin American Trans-Ancestry Initiative For Ocd Genomics (Latino), Brazilian Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Working Group (Gttoc), Ogechi C Onyeka, Andrew D Wiese, James J Crowley, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an impairing mental health condition that affects individuals across the lifespan. Some literature has evaluated mental health stigma in adults with OCD but limited attention has been given to youth, as well as those of Latino ancestry. The present study reported the extent of stigma experiences among Latin American youth with OCD, as well as examined sociodemographic, clinical and psychological correlates. 235 youth with clinician confirmed diagnoses of OCD from 10 North and South American countries completed questionnaires assessing stigma experiences, symptomatology, and functioning. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were also collected. The average OCD stigma response …

Cost Utility Analysis Of Fluticasone Exhalation Delivery System Versus Budesonide Nasal Irrigation For Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps, Daniel Xiao, Martin J Citardi, William C Yao, Amber U Luong

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is managed after sinus surgery with topical corticosteroids. Given limited distribution of nasal steroid sprays, patients have the option of either steroid nasal irrigation (SNI) or exhalation delivery system with fluticasone (EDS-FLU). This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of EDS-FLU compared to SNI for CRSwNP.

Methods: A cohort-style Markov decision-tree economic model with a 33-year time horizon was developed in TreeAgePro. Because EDS-FLU is not currently covered by Medicare, costs of medications were estimated using retail pricing. A willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/quality adjusted life year (QALY) was used to determine cost-effectiveness. One-way and probabilistic …

Functional Characterization Of Uhrf1 Variants In Facilitating Dna Methylation, Bigang Liu, Kaila Nayvelt, Swanand Hardikar, Kimie Kondo, Marcos R Estecio, Xiaodong Cheng, Taiping Chen

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain (PHD) and really interesting new gene (RING) finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is essential for DNA methylation inheritance. However, the functional impacts of several natural and engineered UHRF1 variants are either insufficiently characterized or obscured by conflicting results, with some discrepancies likely stemming from cellular toxicity and adaptive responses induced by DNA methylation changes. In this study, we utilized mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs)-which uniquely tolerate the complete loss of DNA methylation-to evaluate the functional consequences of clinical mutations, isoform variation, and epitope tagging. Using rescue experiments in Uhrf1-deficient mESCs, we characterized two UHRF1 mutations identified in …

The Effects Of Abstinence Status And Sleep Quality On Resting State Alpha Power In Cocaine Use Disorder, Heather E Webber, Danielle A Kessler, Joy M Schmitz, Scott D Lane, Robert Suchting

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Rationale

Substance use disorders are associated with notable sleep disturbances. Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power occurs during wakeful rest, is associated with sleepiness, and indicates neural deactivation.

Objectives

The goal of the current study was to assess the effects of abstinence on the relationship between alpha power and subjective sleep quality in participants with cocaine use disorder (CUD).

Methods

Participants with CUD (n = 32) who were recently or non-abstinent completed a resting-state EEG paradigm (90 s eyes open/closed). Absolute alpha power was calculated using the fast Fourier transform and by averaging within the power spectra of the alpha band (8–13 …

Peripheral Nerve Sensory Fibers Are Recruited With Less Current And Greater Selectivity By Conventional Waveforms Compared With High-Frequency Waveforms, Janie Provencher, Harrison T. Finn, Janet L. Taylor, Simon C. Gandevia, Jane E. Butler, Martin E. Héroux

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Transcutaneous spinal stimulation aims to target dorsal spinal roots, which deliver sensory information to the spinal cord. However, the stimulation waveform that most effectively recruits sensory fibers at the lowest intensity has not been identified. The purpose of this study was to compare conventional and high-frequency burst-modulated stimulation waveforms in their ability to recruit sensory fibers, as assessed by H-reflex threshold, recruitment characteristics, and motor fiber activation. In participants with intact neurological function (n ¼ 12), soleus H-reflex recruitment curves were recorded for 10 stimulation waveforms: a conventional waveform (400 μs), serving as the reference condition, high-frequency burst-modulated waveforms (2, …

Relationship Of Early Rapid Weight Loss To Efficacy And Safety Of Tirzepatide And Semaglutide For Obesity: Surmount-5 Post Hoc Analysis, Louis J Aronne, Deborah B Horn, Alexander D Kokkinos, Beverly L Falcon, Hui Wang, Hunter T Hoffmann, Clare J Lee, Julia P Dunn

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: A knowledge gap remains in how the rate of body weight reduction impacts efficacy and safety of obesity management medications. This SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis aimed to define rapid responders and evaluated efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus. semaglutide in rapid responders versus non-rapid responders.

Methods: Rapid responders and non-rapid responders were defined as participants that obtained ≥ 15% and < 15% body weight reduction by Week 24, respectively. Baseline characteristics, and proportion of participants achieving body weight reduction thresholds by Week 72 were assessed. End-of-study safety and gastrointestinal adverse events measures were summarized.

Results: Overall, 32.3% were rapid responders (tirzepatide: 44%, semaglutide: 21%). The proportions of participants achieving body weight reduction thresholds by Week 72 were higher for rapid responders versus non-rapid responders. Safety trends for tirzepatide and semaglutide were similar between …

Vaccination For Patients With Immunosuppression And Altered Immunity: A Workgroup Report From The Aaaai Adverse Reactions To Drugs, Biologics, And Vaccines Committee And The Autoimmunity And Altered Immune Response Committee, Sam Pope Phd, Jd

Faculty Publications

Abstract

Vaccination, a fundamental strategy for infectious disease prevention, presents unique challenges in individuals with altered immunity. These populations include individuals with inborn errors of immunity, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, solid organ transplants, hematopoietic stem cell transplants, biologic and immunosuppressive therapies, and pregnancy. Despite concerns regarding variable vaccine responses, altered efficacy, and safety profiles, these groups remain under-represented in clinical trials. This review synthesizes current evidence on immunization outcomes in medically complex populations, highlighting strengths and limitations in existing research. We describe how altered immunity affects vaccine responses, summarize data on adverse reactions, and examine the influence of biologic therapies …

Congenital Heart Disease In Infants Of Diabetic Mothers (Pediatrics Hospital Based Study), Esraa Ali Mathboob Mahdi, Basil M. Hanudi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Infants born to diabetic mothers are at elevated risk for neonatal complications, including metabolic, hematologic, respiratory, cardiac, and neurological disorders. Notably, insulin-dependent diabetes increases the likelihood of congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Aim: This study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of cardiac complications among neonates born to diabetic mothers and to identify the prevalent patterns of congenital heart defects in this population. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a 10-month period (July 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021) at the Neonatal Care Unit of Child’s Central Teaching Hospital. The study included 100 neonates admitted within …

Effectiveness Of Vocational Therapy On Psychotic Symptoms Of Patients With Schizophrenia, Iman Ahmed Jumaa, Naamah Shlaibah Humaidi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

AbstractBackground: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder often resulting in significant functional impairment. While antipsychotic medications are the cornerstone of treatment, complementary therapies are needed to address residual symptoms and improve functional outcomes.Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding a structured vocational therapy program to standard drug therapy in patients with schizophrenia.Materials and Methods: A prospective was conducted with 100 inpatients at Al-Rashad Hospital. Participants were divided into two cohorts: an intervention cohort (n=50) that received vocational therapy plus drug therapy and a control cohort (n=50) that received drug therapy alone. The Positive and Negative …

Association Between Cesarean Scar Niche Characteristics And Menstrual Irregularities: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ridab Ali Saeed, Ahmed R. Shaker

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT:Background: Cesarean section is a prevalent obstetric procedure with potential complications, including the formation of uterine niches or isthmoceles. These defects are associated with irregular menstrual cycles and adverse gynecological outcomes.Aim of the Study: To evaluate the association between cesarean scar niches and menstrual irregularities, and examine whether niche size and myometerial thickness are linked to menstrual irregularities.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 200 women with a history of cesarean section. Participants were divided into regular and irregular menstrual cycle groups and further categorized by the presence or absence of uterine niches. Clinical and demographic data were collected, …

Neonatal And Maternal Outcomes In Pregnancies With Sonographically Diagnosed Nuchal Cord: A Prospective Cohort Study, Eman Muhammad Ramadan, Samar Sarsam

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT:Background: Nuchal cords, where the umbilical cord encircles the fetal neck, are a common obstetric finding, potentially impacting neonatal and maternal outcomes. Their clinical significance remains debated.Aim of the Study: To evaluate the prevalence of nuchal cords in pregnancies at Al Elwiya maternity teaching hospital and to evaluate the association between nuchal cord presence and effects on neonatal and maternal outcomes.Patients and Methods: A prospective, single-center, cohort study was conducted at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital from first of January to first of December 2024. It included 600 pregnant women in the study 107 had an ultrasound diagnosed with nuchal cords. …

Use Of The Bethesda System For Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology In Thyroid Nodules Incoordination To The Appropriate Surgical Intervention, Rusul Abid Kareem, Basim Rassam Ghadhban

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: The thyroid nodule refers to an abnormal growth of thyroid cells. Although the vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, a small proportion of thyroid nodules are malignant. In order to diagnose and treat malignant thyroid nodules at the earliest stage, most of them need radiological and cytological evaluation. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) using The Bethesda System for reporting thyroid cytopathology.Aim of study: To evaluate the significance of the Bethesda classification in detecting malignant thyroid nodule and relate the appropriate surgical intervention accordingly.Methods: prospective, case control study was conducted in Baghdad teaching hospital, 2nd floor. from 1st of December 2021 …

The Role Of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value Measurement In The Differentiation Of Ischemic Stroke From Multiple Sclerosis In The Brain, Jenan Mohammed Khalid, Amer Murad Gebur

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Differentiating acute ischemic stroke from active multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques using conventional MRI can be challenging due to overlapping radiological features. The Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) provides a quantitative measure of water diffusion, potentially offering a solution to this diagnostic dilemma. This study aims to evaluate the role of ADC value measurements in distinguishing between acute ischemic stroke and acute demyelinating MS lesions. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Iraq from November 2024 to July 2025. All participants underwent a standardized brain MRI protocol on a 1.5-T scanner. ADC values were measured by manually placing …

Evaluating The Usefulness Of 24-Hour Video Eeg Monitoring In Dr. Sa’Ad Alwitry’S Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, Ebtehal Dhiyaa, Akram Mohammad Al-Mahdawi, Muataz Fairooz Abd

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Video electroencephalography (VEEG) monitoring, which combines EEG with synchronized video recording, is a valuable but resource-intensive tool for evaluating seizure disorders. While its role in diagnosis and classification is established, its specific impact on altering provisional diagnoses and guiding treatment remains underexplored.Objective: To assess the diagnostic utility of 24-hour inpatient VEEG monitoring in confirming or modifying provisional diagnoses and reducing misdiagnosis in patients with paroxysmal events.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 192 patients who underwent VEEG monitoring at Dr. Saad Alwitry Hospital between January and December 2018. Patient records were reviewed to assess the impact of VEEG on …

Esophageal Stricture Post Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair, Zaid A. Zaid, Momtaz Al-Nima

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: It’s a narrowing of > 50% of the esophagus lumen or as a narrowing detected on a contrast study , or at esophagostomy in combination with symptomsTracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a relatively rare congenital anomaly occurring in one in 2500-3000 live births (3)Moreover, the life expectancy of the patients without proper treatment may be measured in weeksAim of study: evaluation of the demographics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing surgery for Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) repair.Methods: The study was conducted at Pediatric Teaching Hospital/Medical City from December, 2022, to November , 2023. A total of 35 cases post …

Immunohistochemical Expression Of Estrogen Receptor In Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Lymph Node Metastasis, Furqan J. Albderi, Kaswer M. Altoriahi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common well-differentiated thyroid malignancy. The female predominance of PTC suggests a potential role for estrogen signaling, mediated through estrogen receptors (ER), in thyroid carcinogenesis and progression.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate estrogen receptor protein expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis and to analyze its association with clinicopathological parameters.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded thyroid and corresponding lymph node tissue specimens from Iraqi patients with PTC and lymph node metastasis. ER expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Associations between ER expression and clinicopathological variables were analyzed using …

Evaluation Of Peripheral Nerves In Patients With Acromegaly By Electrodiagnostic Study, Taiseer Saad Musa, Farqad Bader Hamdan, Abbas Mahdi Rahmah

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Acromegaly is a rare multisystem disorder caused by excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), typically from a pituitary somatotroph adenoma. Neurological complications, particularly peripheral neuropathies, are common but under-investigated.Objectives: To evaluate peripheral nerve involvement in Iraqi patients with acromegaly and assess the impact of IGF-1 levels, disease duration, adenoma size, and other clinical variables on nerve function.Methods: A cross-sectional study included 41 acromegalic patients (≥25 years) who underwent detailed neurophysiological testing. Patients were classified as metabolically controlled or uncontrolled based on IGF-1 levels.Results: IGF-1 and GH levels were significantly lower in the controlled group (p<0.001), while other clinical variables showed no significant differences. Neurophysiological findings revealed significantly reduced sensory and motor amplitudes, prolonged latencies, and slower conduction velocities in the uncontrolled group. IGF-1 levels correlated positively with sensory and motor latencies and negatively with conduction velocities and CMAP amplitudes. Larger adenoma size and presence of diabetes were also associated with worse nerve parameters. Deep X-ray therapy and surgical excision showed beneficial associations with median nerve conduction velocity.Conclusion: Peripheral nerve dysfunction, including carpal tunnel syndrome and polyneuropathy, is more severe in metabolically uncontrolled acromegaly. Macroadenomas and poor biochemical control are linked with worse neurophysiological outcomes.

Family Medicine In Iraq: Bridging The Gap Between Training And Practice For Health System Reform, Eman A. Al-Kaseer

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

The Poly-Arginine Peptide R18d Inhibits Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) Aggregation And Aβ-Induced Cytotoxicity, Reduces Intracellular Tau Aggregation, And Exhibits Oral Bioavailability, Vaishali Bagda, Zainab H. Farooz, Neville W. Knuckey, Samantha M. South, Stuart K. Gribble, Maitri Tomar, Prashant Bharadwaj, Ajish Ariyath, Kevin Taddei, Ralph N. Martins, Bruno P. Meloni

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background/Objectives: Effective disease-modifying therapies targeting pathogenic proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain limited. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of the neuroprotective, cationic arginine-rich peptide R18D to mitigate the pathogenic effects of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau associated with AD.

Methods: R18D was examined for its ability to inhibit Aβ aggregation in a cell-free assay, attenuate Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in MC65 cells, and suppress intracellular tau aggregation in two neural cell models. Intracellular tau aggregation was quantified using a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay. Additionally, a pilot pharmacokinetic study of R18D was conducted in mice following oral gavage administration.

Results: In the …

Ebneo Commentary: The Lakana Trial: Mass Administration Of Azithromycin To Infants In Mali Did Not Reduce Mortality, Maya I Brasher, Monika S Patil

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The LAKANA trial: a randomized control trial evaluating the impact of mass administration of azithromycin to infants 1 to 11 months of age in Mali showed no reduction in mortality.

A Nationwide Central Diagnosis For Pediatric Cns Tumors In Japan: The Jccg Brain Tumor And Pathology Committees, Yoshiko Nakano, Junko Hirato, Takako Yoshioka, Tetsuya Takimoto, Sumihito Nobusawa, Kaishi Satomi, Ran Tomomasa, Seiji Yamada, Taku Homma, Shoh Sasaki, Ayako Yamazaki, Maki Sakaguchi, Yasuhide Takeuchi, Nei Fukazawa, Kai Yamasaki, Kohei Fukuoka, Yui Shinohara Kimura, Yuki Nagayama, Yohei Inoue, Akira Miyahira, Ema Yoshioka, Asako Katsuma, Hayato Fukusumi, Tomoko Shofuda, Yuko Hibiya, Yuko Matsushita, Mai Honda Kitahara, Yuki Yomoda, Miho Kato, Michael D Taylor, Yasuhito Arai, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Hiroaki Sakamoto, Keita Terashima, Yoshiki Arakawa, Toshihiro Kumabe, Ryo Nishikawa, Junichi Hara, Yonehiro Kanemura, Koichi Ichimura

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In 2016, the Japan Children's Cancer Group launched a nationwide research initiative to provide central diagnosis incorporating pathology review and molecular profiling for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Over the first eight years, 2224 cases were registered. Non-next-generation sequencing analyzes, such as pyrosequencing and NanoString, were routinely performed, mainly for glioma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma. Additional analyzes, including methylation profiling and RNA sequencing, were conducted for selected diagnostically challenging cases. The most common diagnoses were low-grade glioma (26%), medulloblastoma (18%), germ cell tumor (16%), high-grade glioma (12%), and ependymoma (11%). Diagnostic or targetable alterations were detected in nearly half of …

Challenge-Based Ex Vivo Immune Profiling Reveals Stimulus-Dependent Peripheral Immune Reprogramming In Alzheimer's Disease, C. A. Naranjo-Galvis, Jovanny Zabaleta, Ney Alliey Rodriguez, Luisa Matilde Salamanca-Duque

School of Medicine Publications

Altered immune function is increasingly recognized as a contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it remains unclear whether peripheral immune alterations reflect constitutive inflammation or stimulus-dependent changes in immune responsiveness. Addressing this distinction is critical for understanding immune dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we applied a challenge-based ex vivo immune profiling approach to characterize functional immune responsiveness in patients with AD and in cognitively healthy older adults. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to defined innate, antigenic, and mitogenic stimuli, and cytokine and β-amyloid (Aβ) responses were quantified in culture supernatants. Diagnosis-by-stimulus interaction effects were assessed using generalized …

Clinical Features And Dental Pathologies In Maxillary Sinus Fungal Balls And Odontogenic Sinusitis, Eunice Im, Lane Donaldson, Avraham Adelman, Nithin D Adappa, Yi-Wei Chen, Nikita Chapurin, Jennifer E Douglas, Glen E D'Souza, Jacob Eide, Maria Espinosa, Chia-Hsiang Fu, Meha G Fox, Rohit Garg, Edward C Kuan, Michael A Kohanski, Marta Kwiatkowska, Kevin Li, Derek H Liu, Tran Bao Locke, Chih-Feng Lin, Chadi Makary, Alice Ottavi, Peter Papagiannopoulos, James N Palmer, Charles C L Tong, Bobby A Tajudeen, Sanjena Venkatesh, Kimberly Wei, Frederick Yoo, Alison J Yu, Jun Jin, Alberto M Saibene, John R Craig

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: While maxillary sinus fungal balls (MSFB) can be associated with odontogenic conditions (MSFBO), MSFBO clinical and dental features have not been compared to odontogenic sinusitis (ODS). This multicenter study aimed to compare characteristics of MSFB, MSFBO, and ODS.

Methods: A multicenter international retrospective cohort study was conducted on adults with MSFBs and ODS who underwent sinus surgery. First in MSFBs, it was determined whether different dental conditions were more likely in FB versus non-FB sides. Second, clinical features and dental pathologies were compared between MSFBO and ODS. For analyses, dental conditions were considered individually and as two groups: infectious …