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Articles 22231 - 22260 of 23771

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The Effect Of Caffeine On Oxidative Stress In Liver And Heart Tissues Of Rats, Hati̇ce Paşaoğlu, Fatma Ebru Ofluoğlu Demi̇r, Canan Yilmaz-Demi̇rtaş, Ahmed Hussein, Özge Tuğçe Paşaoğlu Jan 2011

The Effect Of Caffeine On Oxidative Stress In Liver And Heart Tissues Of Rats, Hati̇ce Paşaoğlu, Fatma Ebru Ofluoğlu Demi̇r, Canan Yilmaz-Demi̇rtaş, Ahmed Hussein, Özge Tuğçe Paşaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the effect of caffeine on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in the liver and heart tissues of rats. Materials and methods: The current study included 30 rats, which were divided into 3 groups: a control group and 2 caffeine-treated groups. Group 1 was given caffeine at 30 mg/kg and Group 2 was given caffeine at 100 mg/kg (a high nontoxic dose) for 14 days. Results: MDA and AOPP levels in the liver tissue of the caffeine-treated groups decreased significantly as a result of the dose. MDA and AOPP levels …

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Anti-Diabetic Effects Of An Alcoholic Extract Of Juglans Regia In An Animal Model, Jamshid Mohammadi, Khalil Saadipour, Hamdollah Delaviz, Bahram Mohammadi Jan 2011

Anti-Diabetic Effects Of An Alcoholic Extract Of Juglans Regia In An Animal Model, Jamshid Mohammadi, Khalil Saadipour, Hamdollah Delaviz, Bahram Mohammadi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Many traditional treatments have been recommended in the alternative system of medicine for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Juglans regia is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional Iranian medicine as a treatment for diabetes, but little scientific documentation supports its antidiabetic action. The purpose of this study was to investigate antidiabetic effect of J. regia leaves in type 1 diabetes induced animal model. Materials and methods: Four groups of animals were selected. Group I animals were fed a normal diet. Animals of groups II, III, and IV received streptozotocin. Animals of groups III and IV were treated with J. …

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Analyzing Dependence Structure Of Thyroid Hormones: A Copula Approach, Burcu Üçer Jan 2011

Analyzing Dependence Structure Of Thyroid Hormones: A Copula Approach, Burcu Üçer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To model the level and structure of the dependence between thyroid hormones by using the copula approach. Materials and methods: Dependence models were constructed with the help of copula functions explaining the relationships between thyroid hormones for the data supplied by Dokuz Eylül University's Faculty of Medicine's endocrine laboratory. For this purpose, 684 patients aged 0-85 were examined. Results: Results indicated that none of the pairs of thyroid hormones exhibited a tail dependence structure; however, valid models exhibited a symmetric dependence structure. The findings implied that both the T3 and T4 levels had a significant dependence structure with TSH levels. …

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The Role Of Olfactory Cues In The Sequential Radiation Of A Gall-Boring Beetle, Bradley Rhodes Jan 2011

The Role Of Olfactory Cues In The Sequential Radiation Of A Gall-Boring Beetle, Bradley Rhodes

Master’s Theses

Species diversity itself may cause additional species diversity. According to recent findings, some species modify their environment in such a way that they facilitate the creation of new niches for other species to evolve to fill. Given the vast speciesdiversity of insects, the occurrence of such sequential radiation of species is likely common among herbivorous insects and the species that depend on them, many of them being insects as well. Herbivorous insects often have close associations with specific host plants and their preferences for mating and ovipositing on a specific host-plant species can reproductively isolate host-specific populations, facilitating speciation. Previous …

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Microbial Community Analysis Of Lake Chillisquaque, A Small Water System In Central Pennsylvania, Allison Mayhew Jan 2011

Microbial Community Analysis Of Lake Chillisquaque, A Small Water System In Central Pennsylvania, Allison Mayhew

Honors Theses

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that require the absorption of light for the completion of photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria can use a variety of wavelengths of light within thevisible light spectrum in order to harvest energy for this process. Many species of cyanobacteria have light-harvesting proteins that specialize in the absorption of a small range of wavelengths oflight along the visual light spectrum; others can undergo complementary chromatic adaptation and alter these light-harvesting proteins in order to absorb the wavelengths of light that are mostavailable in a given environment. This variation in light-harvesting phenotype across cyanobacteria leads to the utilization of environmental niches …

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The Effects Of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Supplementation On Resistance Training Performance During An Acute Resistance Training Session, Kelly Raposo Jan 2011

The Effects Of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Supplementation On Resistance Training Performance During An Acute Resistance Training Session, Kelly Raposo

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

It appears that "carbohydrate loading" may enhance the performance of resistance training, but studies on CHO supplementation prior to a resistance-training bout are limited and have resulted in conflicting findings. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of pre-exercise CHO supplementation on high-intensity (>75% 1RM) resistance training performance for resistance-trained women during an acute bout of resistance exercise. METHODS: Thirteen resistance trained female participants (21.9 ± 4.8 yrs; 64.5 ± 3.0 in; 137.0 ± 14.8 lbs) came to the Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory on three separate occasions; the day of the Familiarization Trial (FT) and the two Exercise Testing sessions …

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Is Chronic Use Of Bacopa Monnieri An Effective Treatment To Improve Memory Performance In Healthy And Aging Adults?, Brian M. Kairalla Jan 2011

Is Chronic Use Of Bacopa Monnieri An Effective Treatment To Improve Memory Performance In Healthy And Aging Adults?, Brian M. Kairalla

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the systematic review is to determine whether or not chronic use of Bacopa monnieri is an effective treatment to improve memory performance in healthy and aging adults.

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Cellular Inhibitor Of Apoptosis 1 (Ciap-1) Degradation By Caspase 8 During Tnf-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (Trail)-Induced Apoptosis., Maria Eugenia Guicciardi, Justin L. Mott, Steven F. Bronk, Satoshi Kurita, Christian D. Fingas, Gregory J. Gores Jan 2011

Cellular Inhibitor Of Apoptosis 1 (Ciap-1) Degradation By Caspase 8 During Tnf-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (Trail)-Induced Apoptosis., Maria Eugenia Guicciardi, Justin L. Mott, Steven F. Bronk, Satoshi Kurita, Christian D. Fingas, Gregory J. Gores

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential chemotherapeutic agent with high selectivity for malignant cells. Many tumors, however, are resistant to TRAIL cytotoxicity. Although cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 and 2 (cIAP-1 and -2) are often over-expressed in cancers, their role in mediating TRAIL resistance remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TRAIL-induced apoptosis of liver cancer cells is associated with degradation of cIAP-1 and X-linked IAP (XIAP), whereas cIAP-2 remains unchanged. Lower concentrations of TRAIL causing minimal or no apoptosis do not alter cIAP-1 or XIAP protein levels. Silencing of cIAP-1 expression, but not XIAP or cIAP-2, as well as …

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Getting To Know You: Key Clinical Concepts In Relationship-Based Interventions And Neurobehavioral Observations With Young Infants, Yvette Blanchard Jan 2011

Getting To Know You: Key Clinical Concepts In Relationship-Based Interventions And Neurobehavioral Observations With Young Infants, Yvette Blanchard

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

The newborn infant is a social organism, pre-disposed to interact with his caregiver and able to elicit the kind of caregiving necessary for successful adaptation. The earliest developmental task of the newborn is to organize behavior to be able to play an active role in influencing the caregiving environment and eliciting the kind of support needed for development. This task is accomplished through the attainment of self-regulation or balanced neurobehavioral functioning of the infant's autonomic, motor, state, and responsivity behavioral dimensions as described by Als.

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Suggested Improvements For The Allergenicity Assessment Of Genetically Modified Plants Used In Foods, Richard E. Goodman Jan 2011

Suggested Improvements For The Allergenicity Assessment Of Genetically Modified Plants Used In Foods, Richard E. Goodman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Genetically modified (GM) plants are increasingly used for food production and industrial applications. As the global population has surpassed 7 billion and per capita consumption rises, food production is challenged by loss of arable land, changing weather patterns, and evolving plant pests and disease. Previous gains in quantity and quality relied on natural or artificial breeding, random mutagenesis, increased pesticide and fertilizer use, and improved farming techniques, all without a formal safety evaluation. However, the direct introduction of novel genes raised questions regarding safety that are being addressed by an evaluation process that considers potential increases in the allergenicity, toxicity, …

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Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Degrades Cellular Toll-Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor-Inducing Β-Interferon (Trif), Humera Ahmad, Rachel Gubbels, Florencia Meyer, Thomas Waterbury, Rongtuan Lin, Luwen Zhang Jan 2011

Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Degrades Cellular Toll-Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor-Inducing Β-Interferon (Trif), Humera Ahmad, Rachel Gubbels, Florencia Meyer, Thomas Waterbury, Rongtuan Lin, Luwen Zhang

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human ƴ - herpesvirus associated with several human malignancies. The replication and transcription activator (RTA) is necessary and sufficient for the switch from KSHV latency to lytic replication. Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptorinducing β-interferon (TRIF, also called TIR-domain-containing adaptor molecule-1 (TICAM-1)) is a signaling adaptor molecule that is critically involved in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and TLR-4 signaling pathways for type I interferon (IFN) production, a key component of innate immunity against microbial infection. In this report, we find a new mechanism by which RTA blocks innate immunity by targeting cellular TRIF. RTA …

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Human Papillomavirus 16 Variants From Zambian Women With Normal Pap Smears, Yan Jun Lei, Kgomotso Makhaola, Daraporn Pittayakhajonwut, Charles Wood, Peter C. Angeletti Jan 2011

Human Papillomavirus 16 Variants From Zambian Women With Normal Pap Smears, Yan Jun Lei, Kgomotso Makhaola, Daraporn Pittayakhajonwut, Charles Wood, Peter C. Angeletti

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is the most prevalent high-risk viral genotype associated with cervical cancer. Six distinct phylogenetic clusters of HPVs have been identified and are distributed differently across five continents. HPV16 DNA was extracted from cervico-lavage samples from women with normal pap smears. The LCR regions were amplified in triplicate, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed from a total of 11 recovered HPV16 positive samples [Ng’andwe et al. (2007): BMC Infect Dis 7:77] were analyzed for sequence variation. The HPV16 LCR variants were assessed for promoter activity by use of a luciferase reporter gene. Six novel HPV16 variants with nucleotide …

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Consensus-Based Reporting Standards For Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies For Paratuberculosis In Ruminants, Ian A. Gardner, Søren S. Nielsen, Richard J. Wittington, Michael T. Collins, Douwe Bakker, Beth Harris, Srinand Sreevatsan, Jason E. Lombard, Raymond Sweeney, David R. Smith, Jerrie Gavalchin, Shigetoshi Eda Jan 2011

Consensus-Based Reporting Standards For Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies For Paratuberculosis In Ruminants, Ian A. Gardner, Søren S. Nielsen, Richard J. Wittington, Michael T. Collins, Douwe Bakker, Beth Harris, Srinand Sreevatsan, Jason E. Lombard, Raymond Sweeney, David R. Smith, Jerrie Gavalchin, Shigetoshi Eda

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement was developed to encourage complete and transparent reporting of key elements of test accuracy studies in human medicine. The statement was motivated by widespread evidence of bias in test accuracy studies and the finding that incomplete or absent reporting of items in the STARD checklist was associated with overly optimistic estimates of test performance characteristics. Although STARD principles apply broadly, specific guidelines do not exist to account for unique considerations in livestock studies such as herd tests, potential use of experimental challenge studies, a more diverse group of testing purposes and …

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Orbitofrontal Cortex Provides Cross-Modal Valuation Of Self-Generated Stimuli, William A. Cunningham, Ingrid J. Haas, Ashley S. Waggoner Jan 2011

Orbitofrontal Cortex Provides Cross-Modal Valuation Of Self-Generated Stimuli, William A. Cunningham, Ingrid J. Haas, Ashley S. Waggoner

Department of Political Science: Faculty Publications

Prior research has shown that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays an important role in the representation of the evaluation of stimuli, regardless of stimulus modality. Based on these findings, researchers have proposed that the OFC serves a common currency function, allowing for the direct comparison of different types of perceptual stimuli (e.g. food, drink, money). The present study was designed to extend this research and investigate whether these same regions of OFC that have been identified in previous research are involved in evaluating imagined stimuli. Specifically, we asked participants to draw on prior attitudinal knowledge to generate internal representations of …

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An Evidence-Based Review Of Fat Modifying Supplemental Weight Loss Products., Amy M Egras, William R Hamilton, Thomas L Lenz, Michael S Monaghan Jan 2011

An Evidence-Based Review Of Fat Modifying Supplemental Weight Loss Products., Amy M Egras, William R Hamilton, Thomas L Lenz, Michael S Monaghan

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Objective. To review the literature on fat modifying dietary supplements commonly used for weight loss. Methods. Recently published randomized, placebo-controlled trials were identified in PubMed, MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the search terms dietary supplement, herbal, weight loss, obesity, and individual supplement names. Discussion. Data for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), Garcinia cambogia, chitosan, pyruvate, Irvingia gabonensis, and chia seed for weight loss were identified. CLA, chitosan, pyruvate, and Irvingia gabonensis appeared to be effective in weight loss via fat modifying mechanisms. However, the data on the use of these products is limited. Conclusion. Many obese …

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Hybrid Adult Neuron Culture Systems For Use In Pharmacological Testing, Darin Keay Edwards Jan 2011

Hybrid Adult Neuron Culture Systems For Use In Pharmacological Testing, Darin Keay Edwards

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Neuronal culture systems have many applications, such as basic research into neuronal structure, function, and connectivity as well as research into diseases, conditions, and injuries affecting the brain and its components. In vitro dissociated neuronal systems have typically been derived from embryonic brain tissue, most commonly from the hippocampus of E18 rats. This practice has been motivated by difficulties in supporting regeneration, functional recovery and long-term survival of adult neurons in vitro. The overall focus of this dissertation research was to develop a dissociated neuronal culture system from human and animal adult brain tissue, one more functionally and developmentally correlative …

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Sox2/Parylated Parp1 Complexes Regulate Pluripotency, Yi-Shin Lai Jan 2011

Sox2/Parylated Parp1 Complexes Regulate Pluripotency, Yi-Shin Lai

All ETDs from UAB

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were first derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocyst-stage embryos. ESCs are distinguished from other cell types by their pluripotency and unlimited self-replication. ESCs are able to differentiate into multiple cell types that represent all three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) and can form an entire adult organism. Under defined conditions, ESCs are self-renewable and have an extended life-span without compromising pluripotency. The plasticity of ESCs provides opportunities for regenerative medicine. The recent production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offers an ideal "personalized" substitute for ESCs. Overexpression of four transcription factors, …

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Regulation Of Neuronal Death By The Autophagy Lysosomal Pathway: Implications For Parkinson Disease, Violetta N. Pivtoraiko Jan 2011

Regulation Of Neuronal Death By The Autophagy Lysosomal Pathway: Implications For Parkinson Disease, Violetta N. Pivtoraiko

All ETDs from UAB

Parkinson Disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized pathologically by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the stubstantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn), an intracellular protein involved in synaptic function, are all pathological hallmarks of PD have been implicated in PD pathogenesis. However, it is debated whether α-syn aggregates themselves are responsible for neurodegeneration in PD, cellular pathways involved in degradation of α-syn aggregates are believed to promote neuron survival. The autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP), a physiological mechanism for recycling of intracellular components, …

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Gabaergic Signaling To Adult-Generated Neurons In Hippocampus, Sean Markwardt Jan 2011

Gabaergic Signaling To Adult-Generated Neurons In Hippocampus, Sean Markwardt

All ETDs from UAB

In the central nervous system of adult mammals, new neurons are produced throughout life in at least two regions, the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. New neurons in the SVZ migrate via the rostral migratory stream and eventually participate in adaptive olfactory processes. In the dentate gyrus, a variety of physiological functions for continued addition of neurons have been proposed, but its role in normal or pathological conditions remains largely unclear. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus consists of the stepwise process of generating fully functional granule cells (GCs) from adult neural stem cells. Regulation of neurogenesis can …

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Analysis Of Nphp Complex Genetic Interactions Associated With Human Cilia Disorders, Svetlana Viktorovna Masyukova Jan 2011

Analysis Of Nphp Complex Genetic Interactions Associated With Human Cilia Disorders, Svetlana Viktorovna Masyukova

All ETDs from UAB

Primary cilia are antenna-like organelles that extend from the surface of almost all mammalian cell types. They regulate many signaling pathways and sense physical and chemical changes in the extracellular environment. Defects in primary cilia cause several human disorders of different severity collectively called ciliopathies, including nephronophthisis (NPHP), Joubert syndrome (JBTS), and Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS). Numerous MKS, JBTS and NPHP genes have been identified but in most cases of these ciliopathies the genetic defect is unknown. Despite the fact that NPHP, JBTS and MKS patients present with distinct clinical features, they have mutations in identical genes. This can be explained …

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Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors And Human Leukocyte Polymorphisms In Hiv-1 Pathogenesis, Aimee Marie Merino Jan 2011

Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors And Human Leukocyte Polymorphisms In Hiv-1 Pathogenesis, Aimee Marie Merino

All ETDs from UAB

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules influence the adaptive and innate immune responses through interactions with cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NK). HLA influence the activation state of NK through direct binding to killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and presentation of HLA-derived peptides to NKG2 receptors. Activated NK can kill HIV-infected cells through direct cytolysis and release cytokines that influence other aspects of the immune system. Variations in KIR gene content and allelic variants have been associated with autoimmunity, transplantation success, and infectious diseases such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS. We investigated the impact of KIR genes and potential KIR-HLA …

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The Role Of Cd19 In Follicular Dendritic Cell Activation, Riley Croom Myers Jan 2011

The Role Of Cd19 In Follicular Dendritic Cell Activation, Riley Croom Myers

All ETDs from UAB

Germinal Centers (GC) are organized foci in secondary lymphoid organs of birds and mammals and are the principle sites of memory B cell generation and plasma cell formation. GC concentrate antigen within follicles to facilitate recognition by responding B cells to promote somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation. Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) reside within the light zones of GC and serve to facilitate B cell interactions with antigen, as well as B cell selection, proliferation, and survival. The work contained within this dissertation addresses the collaborative interactions between B cells and FDC. FDC within an active, GC-containing follicle express an array …

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Pediatric Obesity And Traumatic Lower Extremity Long Bone Fracture Outcomes, Ian Charles Backstrom Jan 2011

Pediatric Obesity And Traumatic Lower Extremity Long Bone Fracture Outcomes, Ian Charles Backstrom

All ETDs from UAB

Background: Pediatric obesity is associated with lower extremity injuries and poor outcomes after blunt trauma. Our aim was to determine if obese pediatric patients with femur and tibia fractures have more severe injury patterns and worse outcomes compared to non-obese patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of obese and non-obese pediatric patients with femur or tibia fractures treated at two Level-1 trauma centers from 2004-2010. Patients weighing ≥ 95th percentile for age and gender were classified as obese. Patients were compared regarding demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), intra-abdominal, and orthopedic injuries. Outcomes included fracture treatment, orthopedic complications, ICU …

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Exopolysaccharide: A Multi-Faceted Role In Mycoplasma Pulmonis, Jeffrey R. Bolland Jan 2011

Exopolysaccharide: A Multi-Faceted Role In Mycoplasma Pulmonis, Jeffrey R. Bolland

All ETDs from UAB

The recently characterized exopolysaccharide of Mycoplasma pulmonis, EPS-I, has been identified as modulating the susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis and binding to host mucosal epithelium. M. pulmonis produces family of size- and phase-variable lipoproteins called Vsa. Previous evidence has strongly demonstrated that the length of the tandem repeat region of the M. pulmonis Vsa protein is associated with the susceptibility to the host innate immune system through complement-mediated lysis. Mycoplasmas producing a long form of Vsa, containing about 40 repeats, are resistant complement whereas strains that produce the short form of Vsa, 5 repeats or fewer, are susceptible. Furthermore, the size …

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Mechanisms And Consequences Of Thy-1 Shedding, John Edwin Bradley Jan 2011

Mechanisms And Consequences Of Thy-1 Shedding, John Edwin Bradley

All ETDs from UAB

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by chronic fibrosis in the lung interstitium of unknown etiology, and causes death within 2 to 4 years after diagnosis. There are no clinical interventions save for lung transplantation that give any survival benefit. Aberrant collagen deposition and aggregates of proliferating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts called fibroblastic foci (FF) are the classic features of IPF. Therefore, the cell type most often implicated as pathogenic in IPF is the fibroblast, especially its differentiated phenotype, the myofibroblast. Fibroblasts are a remarkably heterogeneous cell type. Expression of the cell surface glycoprotein Thy-1 (Thymocyte differentiation antigen 1) delineates a …

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Identification And Characterization Of Novel Adenosine Cleavage Enzymes In Mycobacteria, Kajal Buckoreelall Jan 2011

Identification And Characterization Of Novel Adenosine Cleavage Enzymes In Mycobacteria, Kajal Buckoreelall

All ETDs from UAB

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious diseases in the world. An estimated one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of TB. With the emergence of drug resistant strains of the mycobacterium, and the HIV-TB coinfection epidemic, TB remains a global health emergency. Purine metabolism is an essential cellular component to all living cells. Previous studies have shown that differences exist between mycobacterial and human purine metabolism. One of the differences was in the metabolism of adenosine (Ado), whose cleavage was observed in mycobacterial cells whereas Ado cleavage is inefficient in human …

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Characterization Of Tbx20 Isoforms And Protein Interactions In Heart Development, Paige Debenedittis Jan 2011

Characterization Of Tbx20 Isoforms And Protein Interactions In Heart Development, Paige Debenedittis

All ETDs from UAB

Proper cardiogenesis is critical for the development of vertebrates. Abnormalities in cardiogenesis can lead to congenital heart defects (CHDs), which occur in approximately 1% of live births. The cardiac transcription factor network contains different transcription factor families which direct the expression of critical cardiac genes. Determining how the cardiac transcription factors are regulated will provide insight in the mechanisms of cardiogenesis and CHDs. The T-box (TBX) transcription factor family is an ancient gene family important for development. Several TBX genes are expressed within the developing heart and play critical roles in differentiation, proliferation, and morphogenesis. One important TBX protein is …

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Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Caenorhabditis Elegans Sperm Migration, Johnathan Wesley Edmonds Jan 2011

Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Caenorhabditis Elegans Sperm Migration, Johnathan Wesley Edmonds

All ETDs from UAB

Fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes join to give rise to a new organism. Union of sperm and ova requires that sperm be able to successfully locate and migrate towards oocytes in the female reproductive tract. By analyzing the in vitro migration of sperm from diverse species and mapping the complex architecture of their female reproductive tracts, we can infer that sperm must respond to directional cues to seek out the mature oocyte. However, the internal fertilization schemes of most complex animals complicate the analysis of in vivo sperm migration. The transparent epidermis of the nematode …

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The Role Of The Classical Nf-Kb Pathway In Hsc Self-Renewal And Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Robert Jason Flynn Jan 2011

The Role Of The Classical Nf-Kb Pathway In Hsc Self-Renewal And Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Robert Jason Flynn

All ETDs from UAB

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises approximately 25% of newly diagnosed cases of leukemia each year. The constitutive activation of the classical NF-κB signaling pathway has been observed in up to 70% of AML cases, and could be due to mutations upstream involving the PI3K-Akt cascade, which is also constitutively active in a majority of cases. In mice, constitutive activation of Akt either through deletion of the negative regulator of PI3K-Akt, PTEN, or by expression of Myr-Akt induces rapid stem cell loss along with a lethal, transplantable myeloproliferative disorder and AML. These studies show that constitutive Akt and NF-κB signaling distinguish …

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Expanding Genetic Analysis Of Patients With A Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Like Phenotype, Emily Spencer Jan 2011

Expanding Genetic Analysis Of Patients With A Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Like Phenotype, Emily Spencer

All ETDs from UAB

Neurofibromatosis Type 1, a common autosomal dominant disorder with neuro-cardio- facio-cutaneous presentation, is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, a negative regulator of RAS-MAPK signaling. The presentation of NF1 is overlapping, yet clinically distinct from other diseases of RAS-MAPK signaling. An RNA-based comprehensive approach for mutation detection identifies an NF1 alteration in over 95% of non-founder NF1 patients with a classical NF1 presentation. However, no NF1 mutation was identified in 54.2% of the 2432 patients referred for molecular diagnostics due to the presence one or more NF1 related sign between August 2003 and July 2007. In order to clarify …

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