Digital Commons Network^™

Eye Tracking In The Realm Of Neuroscience, Darius Williams, Lisa K. Straub, Chelsea Sawyers, James M. Bjork Phd

IRBEH/Spit for Science Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Proposing An Rna Interference (Rnai)-Based Treatment For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Infection By Analyzing The Post-Transcriptional Gene Targeting Of Sars-Cov-2, Hepatitis C Virus, And A549 Lung Cancer Cells, Arjun Jagdeesh

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects CD4⁺ T cell lymphocytes in humans, leading to the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. While current treatment methods, including antiretroviral combination treatments, effectively limit HIV replication, HIV can evade these treatments due to its high mutation rate. Long-term antiretroviral treatment can also be toxic to patients, meaning patients would benefit from a new mechanism of HIV treatment. RNA interference (RNAi) is an antiviral pathway found in mammals, plants, and insects that involves a small-interfering RNA that is incorporated into a protein complex called the RNA-induced Silencing …

A Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model Of Disease That Improves Preclinical Research By Incorporating Genetic Diversity And Increasing Physiological Accuracy, Akash Jagdeesh

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Biomedical research is essential for the discovery of new medications and treatments, and is built upon the cooperation of preclinical (in vitro/vivo) research and clinical trials. However, 85% of treatments successful in vitro/vivo fail in clinical trials, suggesting that in vitro models are poor indicators of clinical success. The issue lies in conventional “two-dimensional” in vitro models containing genetically identical cells grown on a flat plate, which lack the variety of cell types and cooperation/structure found in real tissue. Moreover, 2D in vitro models do not simulate humans’ genotypic variability, which affects both pathophysiology and treatment effectiveness. In contrast, 3D …

Improving Medication-Enhanced Psychotherapy Options For Ptsd: The Potential Of Oxytocin As A Treatment For Hypervigilance In Women With A History Of Childhood Sexual Abuse And Related Ptsd, Elianna Bavuso

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a notable public health concern, affecting a significant proportion of girls in high-income countries. A considerable number of CSA survivors develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by adolescence, which is often considered to be a lifelong disorder with severe emotional and social consequences. Women with CSA-related PTSD display hypervigilance, which is characterized by significantly increased fear network activity and poor top-down control over the amygdala. This meta-analysis examines the potential of intranasal oxytocin (OT) as a treatment for hypervigilance symptoms in women with CSA-related PTSD. The evidence reviewed suggests that intranasal oxytocin can help normalize the …

Disease Footprints: Understanding Basic Pathophysiology, Jeff Vasiloff, Md, Mph

OHIO Open Faculty Textbooks

Basic pathophysiology explained by Jeffrey Vasiloff, MD, MPH, Associate Clinical Professor, PA Program; Adjunct Professor, PT Program, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University Dublin Medical Campus; Physician Consultant: Ohio Association of Physician Assistants; Physician Volunteer: Franklin County & Columbus Medical Reserve Corps; Board Certification: Internal Medicine & Diabetes and Endocrinology.

Single-Cell Profiling Reveals A Conserved Role For Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling During Human Craniotomy Infection, Zachary Van Roy, Gunjan Kak, Lee E. Korshoj, Joseph P. Menousek, Cortney E. Heim, Rachel W. Fallet, James Campbell, Carol Reynolds Geary, Bo Liu, Santhi Gorantla, Larisa Y Poluektova, Bin Duan, Walter S. Campbell, William Thorell, Tammy Kielian

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Neurosurgeries complicated by infection are associated with prolonged treatment and significant morbidity. Craniotomy is a common neurosurgical procedure; however, the cellular and molecular signatures associated with craniotomy infection in human subjects are unknown. A retrospective study of over 2,500 craniotomies reveals diverse patient demographics, pathogen identity, and surgical landscapes associated with infection. Leukocyte profiling in patient tissues from craniotomy infection characterizes a predominance of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells that may arise from transmigrated blood neutrophils, based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) trajectory analysis. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies metabolic shifts in tissue leukocytes, including a conserved hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signature. The …

Human Rights, Informed Consent, And The Influence Of Gender In Compulsory Vaccination: A Qualitative Analysis To Mediate Public Policy In A Protracted Social Conflict, Shannon Christine Rowles-Mcgighan

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

This research study sought to understand the perspectives and experiences related to theCompulsory Vaccination Policy and the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. The research objective was to mediate the conflict between the public and the medical community by presenting what William Ury called the “third side.” Uri (1999) studied conflict and found another way to perceive conflict from a larger perspective that emphasizes a fair solution that meets both sides’ needs and the surrounding communities. This study involved qualitative analysis to triangulate the concerns in the conflict through an evaluation of vaccine injury cases, vaccine injury data collection methods, the influence …

Exploring The Impact Of P2y2 Receptor Activation And Inflammation On Glucose Homeostasis In Mice, Jamila Makhloufi

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Insulin resistance is the body's impaired ability to utilize endogenous and exogenous insulin to take up blood glucose and is associated with many clinical conditions including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The cause of insulin resistance is still unknown; however, it is linked to inflammation. The activation of the purinergic P2Y₂ receptor potentiates an inflammatory response under the pathogenesis of obesity and has adverse effects on glucose metabolism by regulating insulin resistance. The goal of this research is to investigate the effects of P2Y₂ receptor activation on the downstream signaling pathways of the insulin receptor …

Unified Resource Browser: An Interactive And Reconfigurable Web Framework For Biomedical Metadata Exploration, Visualization, And Management, Shiwei Lin, Ling Tong, Kimberly A Smith, Lydia Ng, Tyler Mollenkopf, Yan Huang, Rashmie Abeysinghe, Wei-Chun Chou, Antarr T Byrd, Licong Cui, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Xiaojin Li, Shiqiang Tao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We present Unified Resource Browser, a web-based framework designed to optimize the configuration, exploration, visualization, and dissemination of complex biomedical metadata. As a core component of Neuroanatomy-Anchored Information Management Platform (NIMP), Unified Resource Browser enables researchers to efficiently access donor information, brain tissue samples, and sequencing data through structured resource tables and advanced search and filtering capabilities. The platform allows users to customize data views, share configurations via direct links, and seamlessly export data for further analysis. Integrated visualization tools offer immediate insights through customizable charts, enhancing data interpretation. By improving the accessibility and usability of biomedical data resources, Unified …

Periodontal Health In End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis, Hosam Nagy, Wafaa Saleh, Ghada El Kannishy, Jilan Mohamed Youssef

Mansoura Journal of Dentistry

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate periodontal health status of the hemodialysis (HD) patients and to examine the relation between Russel periodontal index (RPI) and laboratory and inflammatory markers and nutritional status in this group of patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of patients (n=43, mean age 51.4±14.9 years) recruited from the Mansoura university Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU). Periodontal examination was performed using Russel periodontal index (RPI). Various laboratory and inflammatory markers were recorded, including routine biochemical and hematological data as well as serum parathyroid hormone, ferritin, and highly …

Omega Roll-Envelope Flap Versus Free Sub-Epithelial Connective Tissue Graft In Thin Periodontal Phenotype In Stage Ii Implant Surgery: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Ahmed Hosney Fawzy, Mohamed Abdel Raheem Al Shahat, Mohamed Ellayeh, Eman M. Abdulhady

Mansoura Journal of Dentistry

Objective: The objective of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to analyze the clinical outcomes of labial gingival tissue augmentation throughout stage II implant surgery in subjects with thin gingival phenotype (GP) using the free sub-epithelial connective tissue graft (FSCTG) versus Omega roll envelop flap technique (OREF).

Subjects and Methods: Sixteen patients with thin GP (˂ 1.5 mm) got 20 implants in this 6—month follow up RCT and split into two groups. 1) Group I: 8 patients got 10 implants in stage I surgery and got OREF for labial soft tissue augmentation in stage II surgery. 2) Group II: 8 …

Clinical And Radiographical Assessment Of Platelet Rich Fibrin (Prf) Versus Placental Extract Gel On Delayed Implant Placement: Comparative Clinical Split Mouth Study, Eman Shawki Mira, Ayman Abdel Rahim Mohammed Elkashty, Ahmed Mohammed Saaduddin Sapri

Mansoura Journal of Dentistry

Purpose: This study was established to compare Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) versus Placental Extract Gel on delayed implant placement.

Patient and Methods: Sixteen patients aged from 35-45 years were selected for that study. Split mouth design was performed, placing PFR on one side of the mouth while placing placental extract gel on the other side of the mouth during implant insertion. Follow -up was done for all the cases 6 months postoperatively both clinically and radiographically. When comparing two groups within the same timepoint, the student unpaired t-test was employed, and when comparing two timepoints within the same group in …

Physiological Adaptation/Phenotypic Plasticity: A Vital Core Concept From The Medical And Health Care Perspective, Thad E. Wilson, Kristen Metzler-Wilson

UK CARES Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Complex Protein Analysis Of Purified Extracellular Vesicles In The Study Of Colorectal Cancer, Renee Boone, Cecilia Osthoff

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Proteomics, the study of complex protein mixtures in which liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is used to analyze peptide sequences, is commonly utilized to study the double membrane, cell-derived vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes are double membrane, cell-derived vesicles that contain cell components such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. They function to transport proteins and cellular materials between cells and are involved in the progression and metastasis of cancer. The impact of these extracellular vesicles on cancer spread can be analyzed using proteomics, through the purification of the proteins isolated from the vesicles. The purpose of our research is to analyze …

Outpatient Fall Prevention In Ambulatory Adults 65 Years Old And Over, Dorothy L. Osborne-White

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

Background: In the United States (U.S.), falls are the leading cause of injury among adults 65 and over, resulting in 36 million falls yearly (Moreland et al., 2020). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2023), one in four older adults experiences a fall each year. Falls are the world's second most prominent cause of accidental deaths (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021). Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries among older adults (Moreland et al., 2020).

Methods: A quality improvement project that included a fall bundle was implemented in a primary clinic. A …

Exploring The Impact Of Swimming On Asthma Management In Asian Americans, Trishtine Tran

Nursing | Senior Theses

Asthma is a respiratory disease that leads to narrowing of the airways in the lungs due to inflammation and mucus. Common symptoms include cough, wheezing, asthma attacks, excess mucus production, and decreased exercise tolerance. Pharmacological treatment methods for asthma include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and allergy medications. Nonpharmaceutical treatments include monitoring of exposure to allergens and breathing exercises, however swimming is not as commonly suggested. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether implementation of a swimming education class will influence the effectiveness of swimming on asthma management in Asian Americans. This study aims to examine quality of life, changes in …

Dean's Update, January 2024, Neil W. Schluger

SOM Dean's Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Ofatumumab Associated Legionella Pneumonia In A Young Multiple Sclerosis Patient, Jobe Ashby, Md, Omar Pandhair

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

2024-2025 PGY2

The Role Of Liver-Specific Transcription Factor Hnf4 In Reprogramming Of Fibroblasts, Mary Odubote

Masters Theses

The mammalian liver, a vital organ with complex functions, relies on a network of transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Fusion of hepatoma cells with fibroblasts often leads to gene extinction, silencing approximately 400 liver-enriched genes, including critical transcription factors such as HNF4. Previous studies revealed that ectopic expression of HNF4 in fibroblasts failed to prevent the extinction of SERPINA1, a liver-specific gene, upon subsequent fusion with hepatoma cells. Here, we sought to investigate the extent to which ectopic expression of HNF4 can reprogram fibroblast cells and prevent gene extinction in hybrid cells.

Using whole-genome expression analysis, we compared RAT1 …

Exploring Drivers Of Sex-Based Disparities In Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis, Stephanie K. Buxhoeveden

Theses and Dissertations

Females are three times more susceptible to relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and males typically have more severe disease, but the molecular underpinnings of these sex-based disease disparities are unknown and represent a critical knowledge gap.Subject Population: Blood samples from a demographically homogenous group of treatment naïve males and females with relapsing-MS and healthy controls. Research Design: Cross-sectional combinatorial omics pilot study. Instruments: Whole transcriptomic analysis with messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiling using next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) and micro-RNA (miRNA) expression using NanoString technology. Aim 1) Identify and compare the actively expressed mRNAs in the transcriptome of males and …

Effect Of Adjunctive Incorporation Of Nanoparticles Of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate And Chlorhexidine On Properties Of An Etch-And-Rinse Bonding Agent, Hussein Elshikha, Elsayed Gad, Noha Sheta

Mansoura Journal of Dentistry

Objective: To assess the effect of the addition of nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the properties of an etch-and-rinse adhesive regarding the bond strength to caries-affected dentine (CAD) and the NACP remineralization efficacy.

Materials and Methods: Dentine surfaces from 80 human molars were subjected to pH cycling and then divided into 4 groups (n=20): adhesive without additives (control group), 5% wt/wt NACP added to the adhesive (NACP group), 0.1% CHX added to the adhesive (CHX group), and addition of 5%wt/wt NACP and 0.1% CHX to the adhesive (NACP+CHX group). After acid etching, the adhesive for …

Age-Related Longitudinal Changes In Gray Matter Microstructure, Jessica Hayes

Wayne State University Theses

Measures of the brain’s microstructure may be more sensitive markers of aging than macrostructural measures. However, it remains unclear exactly how gray matter microstructure changes during aging and how this relates to changes in macrostructure. The present study evaluated how neurite density, orientation dispersion, and gray matter volume changed over a three-year period in a sample of healthy older adults. The role of age in modifying structural change within the hippocampus, precuneus, and rostral anterior cingulate cortex was also considered. Repeated measures general linear models additionally evaluated whether degree of change in microstructure between the first two measurement occasions modified …

Plasma Neurofilament Light As A Biomarker Of Neurodegeneration And Memory Function In Older Adults, Youjin Jung

Wayne State University Dissertations

Plasma neurofilament light (NfL) is a promising biomarker for monitoring and predicting cognitive function and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the field still needs a better understanding of what plasma NfL reflects about neurodegenerative and cognitive changes occurring in AD, especially in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, for the optimized use of plasma NfL as a biomarker for AD for clinical and research purposes. Therefore, here I investigated how NfL is associated with memory function, the functional connectivity of the default mode network, and the microstructural properties of white matter and gray matter regions vulnerable to Alzheimer’s pathologies …

Actin Depolymerization Of Tenocytes Promotes A Tendinosis-Like Gene Expression, Kameron Inguito, Ba, Valerie West, Karl Matthew Ebron, Justin Parreno, Phd

Alpha Omega Alpha Research Symposium Posters

Optimal cellular mechanotransduction is essential for tendon matrix homeostasis. We recently developed an in vivo rat model of tendinosis, where the plantaris tendon are overloaded through ablation of the synergistic Achilles tendon. Using this model we determined that tissue overload disrupts matrix-cell interactions, which results in under-stimulation of tendon cells (tenocytes) (Fig.1)

Using an ex vivo model of tendon stress deprivation by maintaining tail tendon fascicles in floating culture we showed that tenocyte under-stimulation results in destabilization of filamentous (F-)actin (Fig.2). F-actin destabilization coincides with tendinosis-like gene expression: downregulation of tenogenic genes (Col1, Tnc, asma, Scx), upregulation of chondrogenic (Acan, …

Determining Effective Treatment Regimens For Breast Cancer Using Combined Immunotherapy And Chemotherapy In Vivo, Akhila Kunuthuru

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate of all cancers globally in women, and those of African descent, especially West African females, face higher rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a more aggressive form of breast cancer. Immunotherapy for breast cancer is a relatively new treatment option, and research is ongoing to identify the best combination treatments for increasing survival of those diagnosed with TNBC. Eganelisib (IPI-549: a PI3K-gamma inhibitor that works to shift M2 macrophages to M1 to augment T cell function) with other combinatory treatments has shown promising results in reducing tumor growth and increasing survival in mice. …

Understanding The Mechanism Of Ferroptosis Susceptibility Variation In Colorectal Cancer, Aziza Alshahrani

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the use of chemotherapeutic agents, CRCs remains to be difficult to cure at least partially due to their intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to cell death inducers. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that caused by the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Studies have shown that dysregulation of ferroptotic pathways is associated with the development of resistance to various cancer treatment. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a known target for inducing ferroptosis due to its critical role in detoxifying lipid hydroperoxides, and ferroptosis suppressor protein (FSP1) also …

The Education Prescription: Exploring The Potential Of Patient Education To Reduce Mental Health Issues In Hormonal Contraceptive Users, Maria Abraham

Nursing | Senior Theses

The many birth control options available impact a woman’s life, as hormonal contraceptives are commonly used but often misunderstood. These contraceptives, which contain progestin only, or estrogen and progestin combined, can come in various forms such as pills, implants, IUDs, injections, the vaginal ring, and skin patches. They offer benefits such as reduced menstrual cramps and ectopic pregnancy risk. However, they may lead to adverse side effects which can include increased blood pressure, nausea, headaches, breakthrough bleeding, and a higher risk of blood clots, with research indicating a potential link between oral contraceptive use and a decline in the user’s …

Advancing School Nursing Practice: A Novel Approach To Screening For Gastrointestinal Disorders In Children, Ashley Bunting, Isabella Cavlan

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Currently, mandated health screenings in California schools are limited to vision, hearing, and scoliosis; this leaves several other body systems unmonitored during the crucial years of childhood development. One such system is the gastrointestinal (GI) system, which plays a vital role in the normal growth, nutrition status, development, and overall health of children. Objective: By developing and implementing a GI-specific screening tool in the outpatient school setting, this research aims to increase the detection of GI disorders in children. Not only that, but school nurses can use this novel screening tool to promote early diagnosis, intervention, and …

Association Between Papillary Thyroid Cancer And Xrcc6 Gene Polymorphisms In The Turkish Population, Egemen Akgün, Fadi̇me Mutlu İçduygu, Demet Şengül, Ebru Alp, Mehmet Alkanat, Aysegül Cebi̇, Tuncer Ozturk

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aims to investigate the association between rs2267437, rs5751129 and rs132770 polymorphisms of the XRCC6 gene, which plays a role in repairing DNA double strand breaks, and the risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC).Methods: The study included 150 patients who had been diagnosed with PTC and 204 healthy control subjects. Genotyping of SNPs was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method (PCR - RFLP).Results: In rs2267437 polymorphism, individuals with GG genotype had lower risk of PTC than wild-type CC genotype (p=0.037, 95% CI=0.19-0.96, OR=0.67). The combined genotypes CG+GG were found to be related to …

Evaluation Of The Association Of Mucosa-Associated Invariant T (Mait) Cells With Childhood Asthma, Meral Ekşi̇, Huri̇ Bulut, Erdem Akalin, Feyza Ustabaş Kahraman, Hakan Yazan, Mebrure Yazici, Mustafa Nursoy, Emi̇n Özkaya, Abdürrahi̇m Koçyi̇ği̇t, Erkan Çakir

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Innate-like T lymphocytes are a recently defined group of T cells comprising mainly mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. The relationship between MAIT cells and childhood asthma is controversial. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of MAIT cells in patients with allergic asthma (AA) and nonallergic asthma (NAA). This is the first study to compare the ratios of these cells in patients with AA and NAA.Materials and methods: The study included children aged 6–18 years with AA (n = 41) or NAA (n = 30) and healthy control subjects (n = 36). The control group consisted of …