Digital Commons Network^™

Mechanisms Of Growth Hormone Action In Skeletal Muscle, Mahendra Devaraj Mavalli

All ETDs from UAB

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) exert profound growth promoting actions during pre and postnatal skeletal muscle development. GH and IGF-1 seem to promote their anabolic actions by influencing skeletal muscle cell prolif-eration and fusion. However, because GH stimulates the production of IGF-1 from the liver and other GH-responsive peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscle, the individual contributions of these two growth factors to anabolic responses in skeletal muscle remains poorly defined. In this dissertation research, I sought to distinguish the mechanisms responsible for growth hormone's (GH) anabolic actions in skeletal muscle. To accomplish this, I analyzed the …

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (Cftr) Modulators And Their Mechanistic Basis: Relevance To Emerging Therapies For Cystic Fibrosis, Louise Clare Pyle

All ETDs from UAB

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal genetic disorder leading to pulmonary decline and premature death. The gene responsible for CF, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), serves as a chloride and bicarbonate channel situated at the apical cell surface of epithelia. The discovery of small molecules that augment channel gating of mutant CFTR (so-called `potentiators') represents a major theme of CF research, and offers hope for new therapeutic interventions. High-throughput screening (HTS) provides a means to test millions of agents in an unbiased manner for CFTR potentiating properties. New agents identified by HTS have undergone extensive pre-clinical and clinical …

The Role Of Mitochondria And Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Transport Systems In Ca2+-Dependent Glutamate Release From Rat Cortical Astrocytes, Reno Cervo Reyes

All ETDs from UAB

Astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the central nervous system, are recognized for their support roles to neurons. They supply neurons with metabolites, maintain ion homeostasis and clear the synaptic space of neurotransmitters. However, it has been found that some astrocytes have receptors for neurotransmitter and neuroligands, exhibit Ca2+ excitability when stimulated via these receptors, and secrete gliotransmitters as an output of this Ca2+ excitability. In the Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate, it has been shown that the endoplasmic reticulum is the predominant source and the extracellular space is the auxiliary source of free Ca2+ necessary for triggering exocytosis. Because …

Neuroinflammation And Fragile X Syndrome: Regulation By Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3, Christopher Joseph Yuskaitis

All ETDs from UAB

Neuroinflammation and Fragile X syndrome (FXS) are two particularly devastating neurologic conditions for which no adequate treatment exists and much is still unknown about the underlying cellular and molecular processes. Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders, thus treatment of the underlying inflammation has broad implications. FXS is the most common cause of inherited intellectual and developmental delay and one of the few known genetic causes of autism. Neuroinflammation and FXS have potential links with glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and its inhibitor, lithium. Therefore, the overall goal of this research was to examine the role of …

Mitochondrial Mislocalization Underlies Abeta42-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction In A Drosophila Model Of Alzheimer's Disease., Kanae Iijima-Ando, Stephen A Hearn, Christopher Shenton, Anthony Gatt, Lijuan Zhao, Koichi Iijima

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The amyloid-beta 42 (Abeta42) is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms by which Abeta42 induces neuronal dysfunction and degeneration remain elusive. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are implicated in AD brains. Whether mitochondrial dysfunctions are merely a consequence of AD pathology, or are early seminal events in AD pathogenesis remains to be determined. Here, we show that Abeta42 induces mitochondrial mislocalization, which contributes to Abeta42-induced neuronal dysfunction in a transgenic Drosophila model. In the Abeta42 fly brain, mitochondria were reduced in axons and dendrites, and accumulated in the somata without severe mitochondrial …

The Interplay Between The Expression And Functions Of Wnt13 Isoforms During Apoptosis In Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells, Tao Tang

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Wnt proteins are crucial for development/homeostasis by controlling cell fate including apoptosis (Moon RT et al. 1997). Three humanWnt13 isoforms were identified: the secreted Wnt13A, mitochondrial Wnt13B, and nuclear Wnt13C forms; and nuclear Wnt13 had an increased sensitivity to LPS/TNF-induced apoptosis in primary endothelial cells (EC); both Wnt13B and C mRNA contain two start codons (AUG+1 and +74), but the same protein encoded from AUG+74 by Wnt13C was expressed lower than Wnt13B (Struewing IT et al.2006). We hypothesize that during EC apoptosis, the nuclear Wnt13C expression is regulated translationally; nuclear Wnt13 favors apoptosis through regulating the activity/expression of apoptosis-related factors; …

Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor And Alzheimers Disease, Rangaraj K. Gopalraj

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Since apoE allele status is the predominant Alzheimers disease (AD) genetic risk factor, functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in brain apoE receptors represent excellent candidates for association with AD. Therefore, three low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) SNPs were evaluated by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays for association with AD and I found that certain haplotypes alter the odds of AD. A SNP within LDLR exon 12, rs688, was identified in silico as neutralizing a putative exon splicing enhancer (ESE). Since LDLR is a major apoE receptor in the brain, I hypothesized that rs688 modulates LDLR splicing in neural tissues and associates …

Development And Evaluation Of New Mask Protocols For Gene Expression Profiling In Humans And Chimpanzees, Donna M. Toleno, Gabriel Renaud, Tyra G. Wolfsberg, Munirul Islam, Derek E. Wildman, Kimberly D. Siegmund, Joseph G. Hacia

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Cross-species gene expression analyses using oligonucleotide microarrays designed to evaluate a single species can provide spurious results due to mismatches between the interrogated transcriptome and arrayed probes. Based on the most recent human and chimpanzee genome assemblies, we developed updated and accessible probe masking methods that allow human Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays to be used for robust genome-wide expression analyses in both species. In this process, only data from oligonucleotide probes predicted to have robust hybridization sensitivity and specificity for both transcriptomes are retained for analysis.

Results

To characterize the utility of this resource, we applied our mask protocols …

Characterization Of Nprc And Its Binding Partners, Abdel A. Alli

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The C type natriuretic peptide receptor (NPRC) also known as NPR3 is a widely expressed single transmembrane-spanning protein. NPRC functions as a homodimer at the cell surface for the metabolic clearance of a broad range of natriuretic peptides from circulation. The intracellular domain of NPRC is coupled to inhibitory G proteins and is involved in mediating signal transduction. In order to further elucidate the role of NPRC in signal transduction a proteomic approach was taken to identify putative protein binding partners for NPRC in different cell-types. An interrogation of the molecular association between NPRC and its identified protein binding partner(s) …

Correlation Between Calprotectin And Oxidized Ldl In Preeclampsia, Bünyami̇n Börekçi̇, Hülya Aksoy, Nuri̇nni̇sa Öztürk, Sedat Kadanali

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between serum calprotectin and oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) in preeclamptic patients. Additionally, we aimed to measure serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an oxidative stress marker. Materials and Methods: Serum calprotectin, oxidized LDL, and MDA levels were measured in a cross-sectional study of 61 preeclamptic patients (39 severe preeclampsia and 22 mild preeclampsia cases) and 20 healthy pregnant subjects. Serum MDA concentration was measured with spectrophotometric methods, and oxidized LDL and calprotectin were measured via enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Results: Serum calprotectin (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.014) and MDA (P = 0.001 and P = 0.028) levels were significantly higher in the severe and mild preeclampsia groups than in the healthy control group. Serum oxidized LDL concentration was slightly higher, but not did reach a statistically significant level, in the severe preeclampsia group than in the healthy pregnant group (P = 0.2). There was a significant negative correlation between the levels of calprotectin and oxidized LDL (r = -0.34, P = 0.006) in the mild and severe preeclampsia groups. The correlation between calprotectin and MDA was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Conclusions: The findings suggest that increased calprotectin is associated with preeclampsia. Further study is necessary in order to determine whether or not high calprotectin levels prevent oxidation of circulating LDL in preeclampsia cases.

Necrosis In Human Cystic Echinococcosis: An Underrecognized Tissue Reaction Possibly Related To Host Response, Özlem Mi̇man, Meti̇n Atambay, Nasuhi̇ Engi̇n Aydin, Ni̇lgün Daldal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: As Echinococcosis stands out worldwide as an important zoonotic cestode infection caused by various Echinococcus species, histopathological features of the disease are worthy of in-depth study. Materials and Methods: Histopathological changes in adjacent parenchymal tissue in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) were evaluated. The study included 91 patients 4-80 years of age (mean age: 36.24 years). Results: The histopathological findings of 83 specimens were as follows: fibrosis: 77.11%; mono-nucleated cells: 71.08%; necrosis: 67.47%; eosinophils: 51.80%; giant cells: 31.33%; neutrophils: 8.43%. Fibrosis, eosinophils, neutrophils, and giant cell infiltration were observed significantly more often than mono-nucleated cell infiltration, germinal membranes, and …

The Significance Of Dna Ploidy In The Malignant Potential Of Colorectal Adenocarcinomas, Ümi̇t Çobanoğlu, Hayretti̇n Çiray, Yavuz Tekeli̇oğlu, Yavuz Özoran, Etem Alhan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between flow cytometric DNA ploidy and the potential for invasiveness and lymph node metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 colorectal carcinoma cases that were examined with flow cytometry and light microscopy. DNA ploidy in 4 different areas (deep tumor tissue, superficial tumor tissue, normal adjacent mucosa, and lymph node metastasis) was analyzed with flow cytometry and compared with invasiveness and lymph node metastasis Results: Statistically significant differences in DNA content were observed between the deep and superficial layers of tumor tissues. The rate of …

Linear And Whorled Nevoid Hypermelanosis In Trisomy 13, Şengül Yüksel, Serap Savaci, Uğur Biçak, Cengi̇z Yakinci, Bülent Mizrak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis (LWNH) is a reticulate pigmentary disorder with a sporadic occurrence, generally representing a genetic mosaicism. In this case, we describe a two-month-old girl with trisomy 13, who presented with various systemic anomalies such as congenital ventricular septal defect, microcephaly, auricular deformities, flatness of nasal root, overlapping fingers, umbilical hernia, and LWNH. G-banding chromosomal analyses were performed on cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patient and the parents. The karyotype of the patient was 47, XX,+13[100], with no mosaicism. The karyotypes of the parents were normal. To our knowledge, we present the first patient with LWNH …

Local Reccurence Of Giant Renal Cell Carcinoma Without Distant Metastases 25 Years After Radical Nephrectomy, Turgut Yapanoğlu, Yilmaz Aksoy, İsa Özbey, Cemal Gündoğdu, Özkan Polat

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

A 64-year-old man underwent a left radical nephrectomy 25 years ago. The pathological examination revealed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and no lymph node metastasis. He suffered a recurrence in the renal fossa 25 years after the operation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of late (about 25 years) recurrence of RCC without distant metastases after radical nephrectomy. The isolated fossa recurrence of RCC without any distant metastasis is very uncommon. We suggest that the patients with RCC who underwent radical nephrectomy should undergo lifelong follow up.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels In Serum And Follicular Fluid Are Correlated With Body Mass Index Rather Than The Route Of Administration Of Purified Hcg In Art Cycles, Özlem Moralioğlu Üçkardeşler, Sevtap Kiliç, Gülnur Özakşi̇t, Çi̇ğdem Kunt, Ayça Işik, Beri̇l Yüksel, Leyla Mollamahmutoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To investigate hCG levels in follicular fluid and serum after intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) administration of purified hCG, and their association with oocyte maturation and body mass index (BMI) in women undergoing IVF-ET. Materials and Methods: The study included 160 infertile women that were recruited between April and June 2007. Standard-dose long IVF protocols were used for ovulation induction. SC or IM injections were used to administer hCG. BMI, oocyte maturity, and serum and follicular fluid hCG levels were the main outcome measurements. Results: hCG levels in serum and follicular fluid in the 2 groups were similar. A …

Survival In Esophageal Cancer Patients With Hematogenous Distant Organ Metastases, Ati̇la Türkyilmaz, Ati̇lla Eroğlu, Yener Aydin, Ömer Yilmaz, Nuretti̇n Karaoğlanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Objective: Esophageal cancer is a rapidly progressive cancer. In the majority of patients local invasion or distant metastasis may be present at the time of diagnosis. The present study reviewed the records of esophageal cancer patients with hematogenous distant organ metastases with the aim of reporting primary tumor location, histological type, location of metastases, and survival rates, according to treatment administered. Method: Distant organ metastasis was detected in 50 of 316 consecutive patients that presented to the Thoracic Surgery Department of Atatürk University between 2002 and 2007. Patient age and gender, tumor location, history of esophagectomy, metastasis organ, treatment type, …

The Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Serum Oxidant Status, And Cholesterol, Homocysteine, Folic Acid, Copper, And Zinc Levels In University Students, İmge B. Ergüder, Asli Uçar, Işil Aritürk, Toker Ergüder, Aslihan Avci, Seni̇ha Hasi̇pek, Kadi̇rhan Sunguroğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To examine the effect of cigarette smoking on serum oxidative damage and oxidant status in university students. Materials and Methods: Subjects were randomly chosen from among Ankara University Faculty of Science students. The study was performed at the Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry. In all, 44 volunteer (22 smokers and 22 non-smokers) students participated in the study. Malondialdehyde, sensitivity to oxidation (SO), and antioxidant potential (AOP), and total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, homocysteine, folic acid, copper, and zinc levels were …

Effects Of Long-Term Passive Smoking On Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor And Apoptosis Markers Expression In Lens And Corneal Epithelial Cells: An Experimental Study*, Fati̇h Özcura, Sema Oruç Dündar, İbrahi̇m Meteoğlu, Mehmet Erkut Kara

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To determine the effects of smoking on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and apoptosis in lens and corneal epithelial cells. Materials and methods: This experimental study included 38 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Groups 1 (males) and 2 (females) were exposed to smoke beginning on the 21st day after birth, whereas groups 3 (males) and 4 (females) were not exposed to smoke. At the end of the fourth month, right eyes of all rats were enucleated. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in enucleated eyes in terms of VEGF and apoptosis markers, namely caspase-3, Bcl-X, and …

Cytotoxic Effects Of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Cape) On The Human Multiple Myeloma Cell Line, Özgür Koru, Feri̇t Avcu, Mehmet Tanyüksel, Ali̇ Uğur Ural, Remzi̇ Engi̇n Araz, Kenan Şener

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antiproliferative effects on various tumor cells, and is the most active component of propolis. This study aimed to examine the in vitro effects of CAPE on the human multiple myeloma cell line. Materials and methods: CAPE was added to the ARH-77 multiple myeloma cell line and the percentage of dead cells was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-SH-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of live cells and growth inhibition were determined using the Trypan blue test. The percentage of IL-6 cells was determined using ELISA. Results: ARH-77 cells treated with CAPE for …

Does L-Carnitine Increase Serum Tnf -Α And Igf-1 During Liver Regeneration In The Rat?, Mevlüt Pehli̇van, Abdurrahman Coşkun, Ahmet Zengi̇n, Ari̇f Aslaner, Tevfi̇k Yavuz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: We sought to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine administration on the levels of IGF-1, TNF-\alpha, and lipid peroxidation during hepatic regeneration for up to 72 h in an experimental partial hepatic resection rat model. Materials and methods: Sixty rats were divided into 3 groups: control and low-dose (100 mg/kg) and high-dose (200 mg/kg) L-carnitine. Each group was divided into 2 sub groups (24 and 72 h after partial hepatectomy). Partial (70%) hepatectomy was performed after 7 days of intra-peritoneal administration of L-carnitine. After partial hepatectomy, L-carnitine was also administered to rats until sacrifice. Serum IGF-1, TNF-\alpha, and tissue malondialdehyde …

Erythrocyte Tao And Tbars Levels In Patients Who Suffered Missed Miscarriage, Ayşe Nur Aksoy, Hülya Aksoy, Nuri̇nni̇sa Öztürk, Çağlar Bulut

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Missed miscarriage is a pregnancy-related condition, and lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant levels may be of importance in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The aim of the study was to assess whether erythrocyte total antioxidant activity (TAO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels altered in patients who suffered missed miscarriage. Materials and methods: We measured levels of TAO and TBARS, as a lipid peroxidation marker, in erythrocytes of women with a diagnosed missed miscarriage (n = 36) during 7-16 weeks of pregnancy. The control group consisted of women (n = 34) with uncomplicated pregnancy similarly matched for …

Evaluation And Follow-Up Of Cases Diagnosed As Child Abuse And Neglect At A Tertiary Hospital In Turkey, Ülkü Tiraş, Di̇lek Di̇lli̇, Yildiz Dallar, Resmi̇ye Oral

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Data on child maltreatment in Turkey would appear to be scarce. This manuscript aims to address the prevalence and severity of child maltreatment in Turkey. Materials and methods: We report on 215 cases at the Ministry of Health’s Ankara Training and Research Hospital that were followed-up by the multidisciplinary Child Protection Team (CPT) between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2005. The data collected on subjects included characteristics of the victims and the perpetrators, family demographics, maltreatment types, medical findings, mortality rate, and outcomes for the victim and the perpetrator. Results: Age and gender distribution of the victims were …

Treatment Options For Neuropathic Pain, Sara Akre

Honors Program Theses

Neuropathic pain is caused by injury to or disease of the nervous system. It affects many people around the world and is a symptom of several diseases. In the United States, it is estimated that up to 3% of Americans have neuropathic pain, which costs the healthcare system $40 billion annually (Gilron et al. 2006). It is, unfortunately, difficult to ameliorate or eliminate due to the complexity of the nervous system and its plasticity and is, therefore, a chronic condition. Health care professionals continually struggle to treat patients' pain and, since tolerance to painkillers is easily built up, this often …

Repression Of E-Cadherin By The Polycomb Group Protein Ezh2 In Pancreatic Cancer, A. D. Toll, A. Dasgupta, M. Potoczek, C. G. Kleer, J. R. Brody, A. K. Witkiewicz

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Our study suggest that E-cadherin downregulation may lead to EZH20-mediated invasion and metastasis. While strong diffuse EZH2 expression is seen in PDA, overexpression may be present in IPMN.

Identification Of Gastrointestinal Contamination In Pancreatic Fna, A. D. Toll, M. Bibbo

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

In contrast to previous work, our preliminary results indicate B72.3 expression cannot be reliably used to identify GIC. A lack of CEA expression, however, may be used to identify both gastric and duodenal contamination. This represents an important diagnostic aid in the evaluation of suspected low-grade mucinous lesions.

Revealing Genes Associated With Vitellogenesis In The Liver Of The Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) By Transcriptome Profiling., Liraz Levi, Irena Pekarski, Ellen Gutman, Paolo Fortina, Terry Hyslop, Jakob Biran, Berta Levavi-Sivan, Esther Lubzens

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: In oviparous vertebrates, including fish, vitellogenesis consists of highly regulated pathways involving 17beta-estradiol (E2). Previous studies focused on a relatively small number of hepatic expressed genes during vitellogenesis. This study aims to identify hepatic genes involved in vitellogenesis and regulated by E2, by using zebrafish microarray gene expression profiling, and to provide information on functional distinctive genes expressed in the liver of a vitellogenic female, using zebrafish as a model fish. RESULTS: Genes associated with vitellogenesis were revealed by the following paired t-tests (SAM) comparisons: a) two-month old vitellogenic (Vit2) females were compared with non-vitellogenic (NV) females, showing 825 …

Graft-Versus-Host Disease-Like Pattern In Mycophenolate Mofetil Related Colon Mucosal Injury: Role Of Fish In Establishing The Diagnosis., Kathryn C Behling, Dorothy M J Foster, Tina B Edmonston, Agnieszka K Witkiewicz

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept®), a commonly used immunosuppressive drug in solid organ transplantation, has recently been shown to cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-like changes in the gastrointestinal tract. On rare occasions, true GVHD has also been documented in the gastrointestinal tract of solid organ transplant patients. Because the treatment for these two entities is different, i.e. removal of the offending agent versus the administration of steroids, proper identification of the cause is imperative. We present a case of mycophenolate mofetil colitis mimicking grade I GVHD of the gut. In our study, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization for the Y chromosome to …

Developing Tta Transgenic Rats For Inducible And Reversible Gene Expression., Hongxia Zhou, Cao Huang, Min Yang, Carlisle P Landel, Pedro Yuxing Xia, Yong-Jian Liu, Xu Gang Xia

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

To develop transgenic lines for conditional expression of desired genes in rats, we generated several lines of the transgenic rats carrying the tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTA) gene. Using a vigorous, ubiquitous promoter to drive the tTA transgene, we obtained widespread expression of tTA in various tissues. Expression of tTA was sufficient to strongly activate its reporter gene, but was below the toxicity threshold. We examined the dynamics of Doxycycline (Dox)-regulated gene expression in transgenic rats. In the two transmittable lines, tTA-mediated activation of the reporter gene was fully subject to regulation by Dox. Dox dose-dependently suppressed tTA-activated gene expression. The washout …

Autistic Disorder Associated With A Paternally Derived Unbalanced Translocation Leading To Duplication Of Chromosome 15pter-Q13.2: A Case Report., David J Wu, Nicholas J Wang, Jennette Driscoll, Naghmeh Dorrani, Dahai Liu, Marian Sigman, N Carolyn Schanen

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Autism spectrum disorders have been associated with maternally derived duplications that involve the imprinted region on the proximal long arm of chromosome 15. Here we describe a boy with a chromosome 15 duplication arising from a 3:1 segregation error of a paternally derived translocation between chromosome 15q13.2 and chromosome 9q34.12, which led to trisomy of chromosome 15pter-q13.2 and 9q34.12-qter. Using array comparative genome hybridization, we localized the breakpoints on both chromosomes and sequence homology suggests that the translocation arose from non-allelic homologous recombination involving the low copy repeats on chromosome 15. The child manifests many characteristics of the maternally-derived duplication …

Combined Effects Of Hyperglycemic Conditions And Hiv-1 Nef: A Potential Model For Induced Hiv Neuropathogenesis., Edward A Acheampong, Cassandra Roschel, Muhammad Mukhtar, Alagarsamy Srinivasan, Mohammad Rafi, Roger J Pomerantz, Zahida Parveen

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Hyperglycemic conditions associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) or with the use of antiretroviral therapy may increase the risk of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in HIV-1 infected patients. In support of this hypothesis, we investigated the combined effects of hyperglycemic conditions and HIV-1 accessory protein Nef on the CNS using both in vitro and in vivo models. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type required for normal synaptic transmission and other functions were selected for our in vitro study. The results show that in vitro hyperglycemic conditions enhance the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including caspase-3, complement factor 3 (C3), and …