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Inhibition Of Tnf-Alpha Decreases Microglia Activation In Rats Neonatally Treated With Poly I:C, Heath W. Shelton, Russell W. Brown

Appalachian Student Research Forum

Introduction: Current medical treatment for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCHZ) primarily relies on the inhibition of the dopamine D₂ receptor that has been shown to be supersensitive in these patients. Treatment occurs through the use of antipsychotic medication which leads to a number of debilitating dose-dependent side effects, such as weight gain, agranulocytosis, and seizures. Patients diagnosed with SCHZ have also been shown to have increased inflammation in their central nervous system (CNS), particularly within specific brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. This is in large part due to the interaction between a pro-inflammatory cytokine called …

Inhibition Of Dna Methyltransferase Leads To Increased Genomic 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Levels In Hematopoietic Cells., Borbála Vető, Pál Szabó, Caroline Bacquet, Anna Apró, Edit Hathy, Judit Kiss, János M. Réthelyi, Flóra Szeri, Dávid Szüts, Tamás Arányi

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is produced from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by Ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases. The epigenetic modification 5hmC has crucial roles in both cellular development and differentiation. The 5hmC level is particularly high in the brain. While 5mC is generally associated with gene silencing/reduced expression, 5hmC is a more permissive epigenetic mark. To understand its physiological function, an easy and accurate quantification method is required. Here, we have developed a novel LC-MS/MS-based approach to quantify both genomic 5mC and 5hmC contents. The method is based on the liberation of nucleobases by formic acid. Applying this method, we characterized the levels of DNA …

Designer Babies: A Paired Analysis Of The Technological Advances And Ethical Implications Of Genetic Selection, Alexandra Schmerge 18

Honor Scholar Theses

No abstract provided.

A Closer Look At The Global Management Of Spina Bifida: The Implementation Of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy In The Treatment Of Spina Bifida-Related Hydrocephalus In Africa, Caryssa Burckart

Senior Honors Theses

Spina bifida, specifically myelomeningocele, is a debilitating neural tube defect that affects patients and families throughout the world. Traditional management and treatment methods are described, followed by an explanation of why this is often inadequate in providing care for those in impoverished areas of the world, including many regions of Africa. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is proposed as a promising alternative to traditional methods for treating hydrocephalus, an often associated condition, and the implementation of this treatment method in Africa is explored. In order to relieve Africa of the burden of spina bifida-related hydrocephalus and improve global management of spina bifida, …

Limited Immune Surveillance In Lymphoid Tissue By Cytolytic Cd4+ T Cells During Health And Hiv Disease., Marcus Buggert, Son Nguyen, Laura M. Mclane, Maria Steblyanko, Nadia Anikeeva, Dominic Paquin-Proulx, Perla M Del Rio Estrada, Yuria Ablanedo-Terrazas, Kajsa Noyan, Morgan A. Reuter, Korey Demers, Johan K. Sandberg, Michael A. Eller, Hendrik Streeck, Marianne Jansson, Piotr Nowak, Anders Sönnerborg, David H. Canaday, Ali Naji, E. John Wherry, Merlin L. Robb, Steven G Deeks, Gustavo Reyes-Teran, Yuri Sykulev, Annika C. Karlsson, Michael R. Betts

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

CD4+ T cells subsets have a wide range of important helper and regulatory functions in the immune system. Several studies have specifically suggested that circulating effector CD4+ T cells may play a direct role in control of HIV replication through cytolytic activity or autocrine β-chemokine production. However, it remains unclear whether effector CD4+ T cells expressing cytolytic molecules and β-chemokines are present within lymph nodes (LNs), a major site of HIV replication. Here, we report that expression of β-chemokines and cytolytic molecules are enriched within a CD4+ T cell population with high levels of the T-box transcription factors T-bet and …

Dietary Habits And Lifestyle In School-Aged Children From Bucharest, Romania, Anca Pantea Stoian, Liliana F. Andronache, Razvan Hainarosie, Dan N. Paduraru, Cristinel D. Badiu, Andreea Arsene, Claudia Mehedintu, Georgiana Ditu, Silviu M. Pituru, Cristina Orlov, Mihaela Oros, Cornelia Nitipir

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Background. This study evaluated the difference between boys and girls in terms of nutritional status, lifestyle, and dietary habits during school life.

Materials and Methods. A descriptive and observational study was conducted in 2016, in which 251 children, aged 7-17, from 3 elementary schools and a high school inBucharest,Romania, were evaluated. A questionnaire was used to assess food behavior, eating, and lifestyle habits.

Results. Boys had a significantly higher waist circumference (71.18±9) than girls (67.46±9.91) (p=0.004). Thus 27% of boys were overweight or obese compared with only 22% of the girls. Differences were also seen between the two groups in …

Week Of March 26, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Graduate Student Research Forum Still Going Strong After Three Decades
• SOM Hosts Third Annual Diversity and Inclusion Conference

Expression Of Carbonic Anhydrase Iii, A Nucleus Pulposus Phenotypic Marker, Is Hypoxia-Responsive And Confers Protection From Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death., Elizabeth S. Silagi, Philip Batista, Irving Shapiro, Makarand V. Risbud

Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

The integrity of the avascular nucleus pulposus (NP) phenotype plays a crucial role in the maintenance of intervertebral disc health. While advances have been made to define the molecular phenotype of healthy NP cells, the functional relevance of several of these markers remains unknown. In this study, we test the hypothesis that expression of Carbonic Anhydrase III (CAIII), a marker of the notochordal NP, is hypoxia-responsive and functions as a potent antioxidant without a significant contribution to pH homeostasis. NP, but not annulus fibrosus or end-plate cells, robustly expressed CAIII protein in skeletally mature animals. Although CAIII expression was hypoxia-inducible, …

Week Of March 19, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Match Day 2018: An Impressive Day for the School of Medicine Class of 2018
• Beis Yosef Synagogue Dedicated to Mr. Joseph Appleman
• Dedication Ceremony Honors the Memory of Rita F. Girolamo, M.D. '51
• Richard White, M.D., Ph.D., to Address 30th Annual Graduate Student Research Forum
• Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Hosts Annual Research Forum
• Department of Public Health Seminar Addresses the Rohingya Crisis

Variant Intestinal-Cell Kinase In Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy, J. N. Bailey, L. De Nijs, D. Bai, T. Suzuki, H. Miyamoto, M. Tanaka, C. Patterson, Y.-C. Lin, M. T. Medina, M. E. Alonso, J. M. Serratosa, R. M. Durón, Viet-Hong Nguyen, J. E. Wight, I. E. Martínez‑Juárez, A. Ochoa, A. Jara-Prado, L. Guilhoto, Y. Molina, E. M. Yacubian, M. López‑Ruiz, Y. Inoue, S. Kaneko, S. Hirose, M. Osawa, H. Oguni, S. Fujimoto, T. M. Grisar, J. M. Stern, K. Yamakawa, B. Lakaye, A. V. Delgado-Escueta

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

BACKGROUND

In juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, data are limited on the genetic basis of networks promoting convulsions with diffuse polyspikes on electroencephalography (EEG) and the subtle microscopic brain dysplasia called microdysgenesis.

METHODS

Using Sanger sequencing, we sequenced the exomes of six members of a large family affected with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and confirmed cosegregation in all 37 family members. We screened an additional 310 patients with this disorder for variants on DNA melting-curve analysis and targeted real-time DNA sequencing of the gene encoding intestinal-cell kinase (ICK). We calculated Bayesian logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores for cosegregating variants, odds …

Effect Of Stem Cell And Vitamin E For The Reduction Of Liver Fibrosis, Sulaiman Shams, Salman Khan, Muhammad Ayaz, Haider Ali Khan, Hammad Hassan

Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research

Liver disease is seventh leading cause of death worldwide. In the past, liver transplantation was thought to be the only treatment for the last stage liver disease but currently stem cells therapy is an alternative method for the treatment of liver disease. So mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is one of the best tool for treatment of liver disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the combined effect of vitamin E (Vit E) and MSCs on liver fibrosis. Liver damage was induced in male albino mice intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) twice a week for six weeks. …

Week Of March 12, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• New Student-Run Medical Research Seminar Series Exceeds Expectations
• NYMed Talks 2018 Set to Focus on the Intersection of Medicine and Society

Amperometric Self-Referencing Ceramic Based Microelectrode Arrays For D-Serine Detection, Diana Campos-Beltrán, Åsa Konradsson-Geuken, Jorge E. Quintero, Lisa Marshall

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

D-serine is the major D-amino acid in the mammalian central nervous system. As the dominant co-agonist of the endogenous synaptic NMDA receptor, D-serine plays a role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Alterations in D-serine are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Thus, it is of increasing interest to monitor the concentration of D-serine in vivo as a relevant player in dynamic neuron-glia network activity. Here we present a procedure for amperometric detection of D-serine with self-referencing ceramic-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) coated with D-amino acid oxidase from the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis (RgDAAO). We demonstrate in vitro D-serine recordings with a …

Week Of March 5, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Resident Research Day Highlights Scholarly Efforts of Residents
• Medical Students Receive State-of-the-Art Emergency Ultrasound Training

Download Entire Issue: Gibbon Surgical Review, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2018

Gibbon Surgical Review

Table of Contents

• A First Year's Perspective on JeffMD, Somnath Das, MS1
• Spotlight on TJUH's Quality and Safety Group, Samantha L. Savitch, MS1
• Medical Student Involvement in Quality Improvement Research, Tyler M. Bauer, MS3
• Global Surgery: A Shift in the Global Health Paradigm, Myles S. Dworkin, MS3
• Thomas Jefferson University Design Vault, Victor B. Hsue, MS2
• Physician Spotlight: Ernest (Gary) L. Rosato, MD, FACS, Carrie E. Andrews, MS3
• The SCALPELS Program, Emily Papai, MS1

In-Hospital Mortality And Post-Surgical Complications Among Cancer Patients With Metabolic Syndrome, Tomi Akinyemiju, Swati Sakhuja, Neomi Vin-Raviv

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important etiologic and prognostic factor for cancer, but few studies have assessed hospitalization outcomes among patients with both conditions.

Methods

Data was obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Study variables were assessed using ICD-9 codes on adults aged 40 years and over admitted to a US hospital between 2007 and 2011 with primary diagnosis of either breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. We examined in-hospital mortality, post-surgical complications, and discharge disposition among cancer patients with MetS and compared with non-MetS patients.

Results

Hospitalized breast (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20–0.46), …

Ferrocenylchalcone-Uracil Conjugates: Synthesis And Cytotoxic Evaluation, Amandeep Singh, Vishu Mehra, Neda Sadeghiani, Saghar Mozaffari, Keykavous Parang, Vipan Kumar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Huisgen’s azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction was employed to synthesize a series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered uracil-ferrocenyl chalcone conjugates with the aim of evaluating their in vitro anti-proliferative efficacy on human leukemia (CCRF-CEM) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-468) cell lines. Cytotoxic evaluation studies identified a number of synthesized conjugates that inhibited the proliferation of leukemia cancer cells by ~70% after 72 h. The selected synthesized conjugates were found to be significantly less cytotoxic against normal kidney cell line (LLC-PK1) when compared with CCRF-CEM cancer cells.

Week Of February 26, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Medical Student Research Forum Showcases Student Scientific Investigations
• Touro College of Dental Medicine Offers a Day Filled with Smiles and Free Oral Health Services for Kids
• Medical Students Encourage Youth to Explore Careers in Medicine
• SOM P2P Committee Recognizes Role Models at NYMC
• Call for 2018 Founder's Dinner Awards Nominations

Acute Pressor Response To Psychosocial Stress Is Dependent On Endothelium‐Derived Endothelin‐1, Brandon M. Fox, Bryan K. Becker, Analia S. Loria, Kelly A. Hyndman, Chunhua Jin, Hannah Clark, Robin Johns, Masashi Yanagisawa, David M. Pollock, Jennifer S. Pollock

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Acute psychosocial stress provokes increases in circulating endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) levels in humans and animal models. However, key questions about the physiological function and cellular source of stress‐induced ET‐1 remain unanswered. We hypothesized that endothelium‐derived ET‐1 contributes to the acute pressor response to stress via activation of the endothelin A receptor.

Methods and Results

Adult male vascular endothelium‐specific ET‐1 knockout mice and control mice that were homozygous for the floxed allele were exposed to acute psychosocial stress in the form of cage switch stress (CSS), with blood pressure measured by telemetry. An acute pressor response was elicited by CSS in …

Week Of February 20, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Biomedical Ethics Authority to Address the Class of 2018 at the 159th Commencement Exercises
• Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Hits The Mark Again...Twice
• Overseas Speech-Language Pathology Program Enriches Understanding of SLP in Other Cultures
• BioInc@NYMC Launches New Website

Week Of February 12, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Welcomes Guatemala's President Morales
• NYMC and Touro Launch Shark Tank-Inspired Forum to Invest in Israeli Biotechnology
• Christopher S. Leonard, Ph.D., Assumes the Role of Interim Chair of the Department of Physiology
• Physical Therapy and Speech-Language Students Team Up for Interprofessional Education Experience

Representing Diversity In The Dish: Using Patient-Derived In Vitro Models To Recreate The Heterogeneity Of Neurological Disease, Layla T. Ghaffari, Alexander Starr, Andrew T. Nelson, Rita Sattler

Department of Neuroscience Faculty Papers

Neurological diseases, including dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and degenerative motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are responsible for an increasing fraction of worldwide fatalities. Researching these heterogeneous diseases requires models that endogenously express the full array of genetic and epigenetic factors which may influence disease development in both familial and sporadic patients. Here, we discuss the two primary methods of developing patient-derived neurons and glia to model neurodegenerative disease: reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are differentiated into neurons or glial cells, or directly converting (DC) somatic …

Week Of February 5, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Raj K. Tiwari, Ph.D., Is Named Interim Chairman of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology
• Robert A. Welke Cancer Research Foundation Continues Longstanding Support of NYMC Cancer Research
• From the Collection of Edward C. Halperin, M.D., M.A.

Inactivation Of Trpm7 Kinase In Mice Results In Enlarged Spleens, Reduced T-Cell Proliferation And Diminished Store-Operated Calcium Entry, Pavani Beesetty, Krystyna Blanka Wieczerzak, Jennifer Gibson, Taku Kaitsuka, Charles Tuan Luu, Masayuki Matsushita, J. Ashot Kozak

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

T lymphocytes enlarge (blast) and proliferate in response to antigens in a multistep program that involves obligatory cytosolic calcium elevations. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway is the primary source of Ca2+ in these cells. Here, we describe a novel modulator of blastogenesis, proliferation and SOCE: the TRPM7 channel kinase. TRPM7 kinase-dead (KD) K1646R knock-in mice exhibited splenomegaly and impaired blastogenic responses elicited by PMA/ionomycin or anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Splenic T-cell proliferation in vitro was weaker in the mutant compared to wildtype littermates. TRPM7 current magnitudes in WT and KD mouse T cells were, however, similar. We tested the dependence of T-cell …

Minocycline Protects Developing Brain Against Ethanol-Induced Damage, Xin Wang, Kai Zhang, Fanmuyi Yang, Zhenhua Ren, Mei Xu, Jacqueline A. Frank, Zun-Ji Ke, Jia Luo

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are caused by ethanol exposure during the pregnancy and is the leading cause of mental retardation. Ethanol exposure during the development results in the loss of neurons in the developing brain, which may underlie many neurobehavioral deficits associated with FASD. It is important to understand the mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced neuronal loss and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies. One of the potential mechanisms involves neuroimmune activation. Using a third trimester equivalent mouse model of ethanol exposure, we demonstrated that ethanol induced a wide-spread neuroapoptosis, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice. Minocycline is an antibiotic that inhibits …

Human Factors Contributing To Preventable Adverse Drug Events In Healthcare: A Grounded Theory Approach Pilot Study, Thomas Ryan Hilgers

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The following thesis details a grounded theory methodology (GT) pilot study of preventable adverse drug events (pADEs) in healthcare. This research used the methodological approach to develop a categorical theory for the chief workplace contributors to intra-hospital intensive care unit (ICU) preventable adverse drug events. While this study represents only a foray into the use of GT to explain pADEs, the results implicate specific areas of concern that may be followed up on in future qualitative or quantitative research. Pursuant of a Straussian grounded theory methodology, this study leaned fundamentally on the interview of individuals with first-hand experience with the …

Microrna 1207-3p In Prostate Cancer, Dibash Das

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed male cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men in the United States. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in progression from the asymptomatic androgen-dependent PCa to the lethal castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a major challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are known to be dysregulated in PCa. MicroRNA-1207-3p (miR-1207-3p) is encoded by the non-protein coding gene locus PVT1 on the 8q24 human chromosomal region, an established PCa susceptibility locus. However, the role of miR-1207-3p in PCa is unclear. We have discovered that miR-1207-3p is significantly underexpressed in PCa cell lines …

Klf6 And Stat3 Co-Occupy Regulatory Dna And Functionally Synergize To Promote Axon Growth In Cns Neurons, Zimei Wang, Vatsal Mehra, Matthew T. Simpson, Brian Maunze, Dan C. Eastwood, Lyndsey Holan, Murray G. Blackmore, Ishwariya Venkatesh

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The failure of axon regeneration in the CNS limits recovery from damage and disease. Members of the KLF family of transcription factors can exert both positive and negative effects on axon regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that forced expression of KLF6 promotes axon regeneration by corticospinal tract neurons in the injured spinal cord. RNA sequencing identified 454 genes whose expression changed upon forced KLF6 expression in vitro, including sub-networks that were highly enriched for functions relevant to axon extension including cytoskeleton remodeling, lipid synthesis, and bioenergetics. In addition, promoter analysis predicted a functional interaction …

V-Atpase Roles In Prostate Cancer, Yamhilette Licon Munoz

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is responsible for maintaining the acidic pH of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase active transport of protons generates the differential luminal pH in lysosomes, endosomes, and the Golgi. In addition to intracellular V-ATPase, cancer cells have V-ATPase at the plasma membrane. Plasmalemmal V-ATPase acidifies the extracellular milieu and enhances cell motility and invasion, evidence that V-ATPase contributes to tumorigenic phenotypes. We studied V-ATPase cellular functions in prostate cancer (PCa), the most commonly diagnosed cancer for men in the United States. V-ATPase inhibitors decreased invasion and migration of PCa cells. In aggressive PCa cell lines, C4-2B …

An Aged Canid With Behavioral Deficits Exhibits Blood And Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid Beta Oligomers, Clare Rusbridge, Francisco J. Salguero, Monique Antoinette David, Kiterie M. E. Faller, Jose T. Bras, Rita J. Guerreiro, Angela C. Richard-Londt, Duncan Grainger, Elizabeth Head, Sebastian G. P. Brandner, Brian Summers, John Hardy, Mourad Tayebi

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Many of the molecular and pathological features associated with human Alzheimer disease (AD) are mirrored in the naturally occurring age-associated neuropathology in the canine species. In aged dogs with declining learned behavior and memory the severity of cognitive dysfunction parallels the progressive build up and location of Aβ in the brain. The main aim of this work was to study the biological behavior of soluble oligomers isolated from an aged dog with cognitive dysfunction through investigating their interaction with a human cell line and synthetic Aβ peptides. We report that soluble oligomers were specifically detected in the dog's blood and …