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Activation Of Renal Epithelial Na+ Channels (Enac) In Infants With Congenital Heart Disease, Laura Ortmann, Shyam Sundar Nandi, Yulong Li, Hong Zheng, Kaushik K. Patel

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to measure the concentration and activity of urinary proteases that activate renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) mediated Na

METHODS: Urine samples from infants undergoing cardiac surgery were collected at three time points: T1) pre-operatively, T2) 6-8 h after surgery, and T3) 24 h after diuretics. Urine was collected from five heathy infant controls. The urine was tested for four proteases and whole-cell patch-clamp testing was conducted in renal collecting duct M-1 cells to test whether patient urine increased Na

RESULTS: Heavy chain of plasminogen, furin, and prostasin were significantly higher in cardiac patients prior to …

Investigation Into Cardiac Myhc-Α 334-352-Specific Tcr Transgenic Mice Reveals A Role For Cytotoxic Cd4 T Cells In The Development Of Cardiac Autoimmunity, Meghna Sur, Mahima T. Rasquinha, Kiruthiga Mone, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Ninaad Lasrado, Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy, Raymond A Sobel, Jay Reddy

Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy

Myocarditis is one of the major causes of heart failure in children and young adults and can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis could result from autoreactive CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, but defining antigen specificity in disease pathogenesis is challenging. To address this issue, we generated T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (Tg) C57BL/6J mice specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352 and found that Myhc-α-specific TCRs were expressed in both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. To investigate if the phenotype is more pronounced in a myocarditis-susceptible genetic background, we backcrossed with A/J mice. At …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Gallium(Iii) Compounds: Pathogen-Dependent Targeting Of Multiple Iron/Heme-Dependent Biological Processes, Seoung-Ryoung Choi, Mohammed A. Hassan, Bradley E. Britigan, Prabagaran Narayanasamy

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Metals play vital roles in biological systems, with iron/heme being essential for cellular and metabolic functions necessary for survival and/or virulence in many bacterial pathogens. Given the rise of bacterial resistance to current antibiotics, there is an urgent need for the development of non-toxic and novel antibiotics that do not contribute to resistance to other antibiotics. Gallium, which mimics iron, has emerged as a promising antimicrobial agent, offering a novel approach to combat bacterial infections. Gallium does not have any known functions in biological systems. Gallium exerts its effects primarily by replacing iron in redox enzymes, effectively inhibiting bacterial growth …

Fusion, 2024, George Washington University, William H. Beaumont Medical Research Honor Society

Fusion

No abstract provided.

Dual Gallium Drug Treatment Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae: Efficacy And Potential Mechanism(S) Of Action And Resistance, Zachary Scott, Seoung-Ryoung Choi, Bradley E. Britigan, Prabagaran Narayanasamy

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KLP) is a Gram-negative pathogen that can be highly antibiotic-resistant. Our group has worked with gallium-based compounds as a means of treating bacterial infections. Here the possible mechanism is investigated for dual therapy comprised of gallium nitrate (Ga(NO₃)₃) and gallium protoporphyrin (GaPP) on KLP. It is found that in vitro the combination of Ga(NO₃)₃ and GaPP is synergistic against KLP. The in vivo efficacy is of the dual therapy is additionally tested by treating pulmonary KLP infections in mice. Much greater effectiveness are observed in bacterial clearance and survival of mice …

Role Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Signaling In Diet-Enhanced Bone Elongation, Cassaundra A. White

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Childhood obesity has increased precipitously to the point that almost 20% of children between the ages of 2 and 19 have been diagnosed with obesity. While obesity is a complex metabolic disorder, one contributing factor is diet, particularly a diet high in fat. Among many problems associated with diet-induced obesity, the impact on skeletal health is often overlooked. In addition to increased stress on the skeleton due to excess weight, obesity also disrupts the endocrine and immune systems that, in turn, can secondarily alter skeletal growth. Obesity during the early years of childhood is particularly detrimental because the skeleton is …

Evaluating Functional Inhibitors Of Acid Sphingomyelinase As Potential Negative Modulators Of Microvesicle Particle Release In Response To Skin Stressors, Taskin Sabit

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Many diseases including lupus erythematosus, atopic eczema, and rosacea can be associated with photosensitivity, which is an abnormal response to sunlight. Recent studies by our group have implicated microvesicle particles (MVP) as playing an important role in causing inflammation and systemic immunosuppression. Previous studies show that functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA) can block MVP release in response to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation or Platelet-activating Factor (PAF) agonist, which are skin stressors. However, more research needs to be conducted to evaluate the role of PAF, UVB and FIASMA in MVP generation and to formulate a therapeutic medication to be potentially …

Exploring The Metabolic And Mitogenic Potential Of A Hyper-Stable Variant Of Fgf1, Emma Starr, Oshadi Edirisinghe, Thallapuranam Krishnaswamy Suresh Kumar

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of 22 human cytokines involved in critical cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and wound healing. Among these, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) possesses a powerful mitogenic potential as it can nonspecifically bind to all four FGF receptors. However, the therapeutic applications of FGF1 are hindered by its inherent thermal and proteolytic instability, especially at physiological temperatures. This is believed to be attributed to the heparin-binding pocket at the C-terminus, which contains numerous positively charged residues that repel each other. To combat this instability, FGF1 binds to a negatively …

A Comparative Analysis Of Costs Associated With Assisted Reproductive Technology; Invitro Fertilization Of Singleton, Twin, And Multiple Gestations Compared To Non-Invitro Fertilization Singleton Gestations, Ruth Arthur-Asmah

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

This study examines IVF and non-IVF costs associated with prenatal, delivery, and postpartum care using claims data from Merative MarketScan Commercial and Encounter data from 2018-2020 to understand the costs associated with respective IVF singleton, twin, and multiple gestations, as compared to non-IVF singleton gestations. These patients identified as females at birth, were continuously enrolled in private insurance, and have not experienced termination of pregnancy. The Student T-test was performed on continuous variables, and logistic regression was performed on binary variables with the overall outcome variables being cost, IVF, and non-IVF, controlling for age. The cost data was gamma log …

Predicting Endothelium-Dependent Diastolic Function (Fmd)And Its Correlation With The Degree Of Coronary Artery Disease (Cad) And Plaque Vulnerability For Cardiovascular Events, Guangming Zhang, Jing Yang, Hanghang Xing, Hongning Yin, Guoqing Gu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the correlation between vascular endothelium-dependent diastolic function (FMD) and the degree of coronary artery disease (CAD), plaque vulnerability, and its predictive value for cardiovascular events.

METHODS: Initially, patients (n=100) who were admitted from January 2020 to January 2021 and intended to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected. Further, FMD in all patients was determined before the procedure and divided into a high-FMD group (≥4.2%) and a low-FMD group (

RESULTS: No significant differences were observed concerning general information, number of coronary arteries-associated branches, lesion type, involvement of the left main stem (LM), the …

The Complex Protein Analysis Of Purified Extracellular Vesicles In The Study Of Colorectal Cancer, Renee Boone, Cecilia Osthoff

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Proteomics, the study of complex protein mixtures in which liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is used to analyze peptide sequences, is commonly utilized to study the double membrane, cell-derived vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes are double membrane, cell-derived vesicles that contain cell components such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. They function to transport proteins and cellular materials between cells and are involved in the progression and metastasis of cancer. The impact of these extracellular vesicles on cancer spread can be analyzed using proteomics, through the purification of the proteins isolated from the vesicles. The purpose of our research is to analyze …

Guideline For Sbhc Provider Education To Start The Hpv Vaccine At Nine Years Old, Jasmine K. Serrano

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

It is estimated that 80% of people worldwide, regardless of gender, will contract human papillomavirus (HPV) at some point in their lives. The HPV vaccine series prevents high-risk strains that are known to cause cancer and genital warts (Osaghae et al., 2022). School-based health clinics (SBHC) can increase access to and completion of the HPV vaccine series, which remains low throughout the United States (Javaid et al., 2017; Rane et al., 2021; Shah et al., 2020). This guideline was created to increase SBH provider education to start the HPV vaccine at nine years old. The project lead conducted a systematic …

Outpatient Fall Prevention In Ambulatory Adults 65 Years Old And Over, Dorothy L. Osborne-White

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

Background: In the United States (U.S.), falls are the leading cause of injury among adults 65 and over, resulting in 36 million falls yearly (Moreland et al., 2020). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2023), one in four older adults experiences a fall each year. Falls are the world's second most prominent cause of accidental deaths (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021). Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries among older adults (Moreland et al., 2020).

Methods: A quality improvement project that included a fall bundle was implemented in a primary clinic. A …

Maximum Biting Force Evaluation Of Clasped And Claspless Mandibular Kennedy Class I Implant Supported Partial Overdenture With Rigid And Flexible Denture Bases: Case Series Study, Saif M. Sami, Ziad M. Elmissiry, Fatma Mahanna, Ashraf A. Gebreel

Mansoura Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: Evaluation of clasped and clasp-less mandibular Kennedy class I implant supported partial overdenture with acrylic or flexible denture bases by maximum biting force measurement.

Materials and methods: Six partially edentulous male patients with mandibular Kennedy class I and completely edentulous maxilla were selected. Two implants were installed on mandibular first molar areas. Patients were classified based on the duration of their mandibular RPD use, which was characterized by two different denture bases and clasp statuses. Group 1 received metallic implant-assisted removable partial overdentures with acrylic denture bases and combination clasps for one month, then the retentive arm clasp was …

The Association Between Plasma Igg N-Glycosylation And Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Case-Control Study, Liangao Wang, Xinxia Lu, Meng Wang, Xuezhen Zhao, Peirui Li, Haitao Zhang, Qingtang Meng, Yujing Zhang, Yingjie Wang, Wei Wang, Long Ji, Haifeng Hou, Dong Li

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of severe neonatal brain injuries, resulting from inflammation and the immune response after perinatal hypoxia and ischemia. IgG N-glycosylation plays a crucial role in various inflammatory diseases through mediating the balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses. This study aimed to explore the effect of IgG N-glycosylation on the development of HIE. Methods: This case-control study included 53 HIE patients and 57 control neonates. An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was used to determine the features of the plasma IgG N-glycans, by which 24 initial glycan peaks (GPs) were quantified. Multivariate logistic regression was used …

Editorial: Neurotoxins In Alzheimer's Disease And Other Dementias, Alexandre Henriques, Philippe L. L. Poindron, Binosha Fernando, Kevin N. Hascup

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a progressive decline in cognition and independence from activities of daily living. Dementia is multifactorial with numerous risk factors including age, genes, molecules, lifestyle, and environmental contributions to disease onset and progression. In recent years, an emerging focus on neurotoxins has added a new layer of complexity to our understanding of dementia. This editorial aims to discuss recent updates regarding the role of neurotoxins in the pathogenesis of dementia.

Fluid Biomarkers In Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Seyed M. Savar, Bin Ma, Eugene Hone, Farzana Jahan, Shaun Markovic, Steve Pedrini, Soudabeh Shemehsavar, Vandhana Easwaran, Kevin Taddei, Samantha Gardener, Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, Ellis S. Van Etten, Matthias J. P. Van Osch, Daniel Clarke, Anastazija Gnjec, Mark A. Van Buchem, Marieke J. H. Wermer, Graeme J. Hankey, Steven M. Greenberg, Ralph N. Martins, Hamid R. Sohrabi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a type of cerebrovascular disorder characterised by the accumulation of amyloid within the leptomeninges and small/medium-sized cerebral blood vessels. Typically, cerebral haemorrhages are one of the first clinical manifestations of CAA, posing a considerable challenge to the timely diagnosis of CAA as the bleedings only occur during the later disease stages. Fluid biomarkers may change prior to imaging biomarkers, and therefore, they could be the future of CAA diagnosis. Additionally, they can be used as primary outcome markers in prospective clinical trials. Among fluid biomarkers, blood-based biomarkers offer a distinct advantage over cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers …

Kidney-Targeted Mrna Nanoparticles: Exploration Of The Mrna Loading Capacity Of A Polymeric Mesoscale Platform Employing Various Classes Of Excipients, Arantxa Roach

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Mesoscale nanoparticles (MNPs) for the therapeutic relief of renal ailments can be modulated to deliver various payloads – including biomolecules such as mRNA. In preparing mRNA loaded-MNPs, we observed a point of saturation for mRNA loading of these particles, when aiming to increase the payload per particle. Here, we aimed to circumvent this limitation by incorporating various excipients that interact with mRNA for increased loading. These interactions involved the reduction of mRNA electrostatic repulsion and improving mRNA stability during formulation and release. Thereafter, we tested the encapsulation efficiency of these modified particles and compared it to our original formulation. Further, …

Understanding The Mechanism Of Ferroptosis Susceptibility Variation In Colorectal Cancer, Aziza Alshahrani

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the use of chemotherapeutic agents, CRCs remains to be difficult to cure at least partially due to their intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to cell death inducers. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that caused by the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Studies have shown that dysregulation of ferroptotic pathways is associated with the development of resistance to various cancer treatment. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a known target for inducing ferroptosis due to its critical role in detoxifying lipid hydroperoxides, and ferroptosis suppressor protein (FSP1) also …

The Education Prescription: Exploring The Potential Of Patient Education To Reduce Mental Health Issues In Hormonal Contraceptive Users, Maria Abraham

Nursing | Senior Theses

The many birth control options available impact a woman’s life, as hormonal contraceptives are commonly used but often misunderstood. These contraceptives, which contain progestin only, or estrogen and progestin combined, can come in various forms such as pills, implants, IUDs, injections, the vaginal ring, and skin patches. They offer benefits such as reduced menstrual cramps and ectopic pregnancy risk. However, they may lead to adverse side effects which can include increased blood pressure, nausea, headaches, breakthrough bleeding, and a higher risk of blood clots, with research indicating a potential link between oral contraceptive use and a decline in the user’s …

The Effects Of On-Pump And Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery On Oxidative Stress And Cerebral Oxygenation: A Prospective Observational Study, Ökkeş Hakan Mi̇ni̇ksar, Sameh Alagha, Ferit Çi̇çekçi̇oğlu, Mehtap Honca, Ayşe Yeşim Göçmen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In this prospective observational study, our goal was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of oxidative stress (OS) parameters and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) in addition to evaluating postoperative clinical outcomes among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).Materials and methods: This study comprised 64 adult patients undergoing elective CABG (on-pump [n = 48] and off-pump [n = 16]) procedures. Serum OS levels and rSO2 values were measured intraoperatively at three specific time points: T1 (after induction), T2 (15 min before aortic cross-clamp removal or the final distal anastomosis), and T3 (15 min after aortic cross-clamp removal …

Hippocampal Subfield Volumes And Memory Development From Middle Childhood To Late Adulthood: 2-Year Longitudinal Change And Modifiers Of Age Effects, Roya Homayouni

Wayne State University Dissertations

Introduction: The hippocampus (Hc) is crucial for memory function across all ages and is comprised of distinct subfields: dentate gyrus (DG), cornu ammonis sectors (CA1-3), and subiculum. Hc subfields support different aspects of memory function across the lifespan and are differentially vulnerable to late-life pathology. Increased knowledge of normative lifespan developmental trajectories of Hc subfield volumes will illuminate their cognitive and health correlates across different ages. Yet, the evidence on change and variability of Hc subfield volumes across the lifespan is sparse. Methods: Here, I conducted a meta-analysis of cross-sectional findings of subfield volumes across ages (n = 48,278 participants, …

Estradiol Signaling Improves Extinction Memory Recall To Combat Cue-Induced Heroin Relapse In Rats, Jordan S. Carter

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

We are in the midst of an opioid use disorder (OUD) epidemic. While several treatments mitigate a range of factors contributing to return to use, or relapse, the power of drug-conditioned environmental cues to precipitate relapse have not been adequately addressed. One treatment modality targeting cue reactivity, cue exposure therapy (CET), exacerbated relapse in individuals with OUD, perhaps due to a deficit in extinction memory recall (EMR). Here, EMR is the ability to override the drug-cue association and prevent relapse. Interest remains in combatting cue-induced relapse, potentially by introducing a pharmacologic adjunct with CET to enhance EMR. In the following …

Mechanical And Optical Behavior Of Two Lithium Silicate-Based Glass Ceramics After Aging In Intra-Oral Simulating Condition, Sherief Mowafy, Salwa Abdel Raouf Elnegoly, Hagag Abdelkader Mohammed

Mansoura Journal of Dentistry

Aim This study evaluated the mechanical and optical properties of Zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate (ZLS) and lithium disilicate (LS) glass ceramics after immersion in artificial saliva solutions with varying pH. Methods A total of 104 samples were fabricated from Vita Suprinity (ZLS) and IPS E.max CAD (LS). Samples were divided into test and control groups, with the test group further divided into neutral (7.2), acidic (5.8), and basic (8.3) pH subgroups. Samples were immersed for 24 hours at 37°C and evaluated for microhardness, fracture toughness, and color stability. Results Significant differences were found in the properties of both materials across the …

Hardness Removal By A Continuous Flow Electrochemical Reactor From Different Types Of Water, Shahad Fadhil Alrubaye, Naseer A. Al Haboubi, Hussein A. Al-Amili, Aiman H. Al-Allaq, Dhuha Ahmed Mohammed

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The present study focuses on the technique of hardness removal by using a novel reactor performing an electrocoagulation (EC) process. The variation of alkalinity is also recorded. Continuous flow experiments were conducted for Total Hardness (TH) removal using a transparent plastic reactor using aluminum plate electrodes that have holes so that the water flows through the plates in a zigzag way. The influence of various operating parameters such as the number of plates (two and four), flow rate (600, 1000 L/h), and water type (Tigris River & rejected water from Reverse Osmosis system RO) was investigated. The results showed that …

Divergent Responses Of Human Intestinal Organoid Monolayers Using Commercial In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays, Miranda A Lewis, Ketki Patil, Khalil Ettayebi, Mary K Estes, Robert L Atmar, Sasirekha Ramani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In vitro models, such as primary cells and continuous cell lines routinely used for evaluating drug candidates, have limitations in their translational relevance to human diseases. Organotypic cultures are increasingly being used to assess therapeutics for various cancers and infectious diseases. Monitoring drug cytotoxicity in cell cultures is crucial in drug development, and several commercially available kits for cytotoxicity assessment offer distinct advantages and limitations. Given the complexity of organoid cultures, including donor-driven variability, we investigated drug-treated, tissue stem cell-derived human intestinal organoid responses with commonly used cell cytotoxicity assay kits. Using seven different compounds, we compared the cytotoxicity assay …

Folate Regulation Of Planar Cell Polarity Pathway And F-Actin Through Folate Receptor Alpha, Xiao Han, Xuanye Cao, Robert M Cabrera, Paula Andrea Pimienta Ramirez, Ying Linda Lin, Bogdan J Wlodarczyk, Cuilian Zhang, Richard H Finnell, Yunping Lei

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Folate deficiency contribute to neural tube defects (NTDs) which could be rescued by folate supplementation. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Besides, there is considerable controversy concerning the forms of folate used for supplementation. To address this controversy, we prepared culture medium with different forms of folate, Folic acid (FA) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate(5mTHF), at concentration of 5uM, 500nM, 50nM and folate free, respectively. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were treated with different folates continuously for three passages and cell proliferation and F-actin was monitored. We determined that compared to 5mTHF, FA showed stronger effects on promoting cell proliferation and …

Development, Implementation, And Evaluation Of Three Outreach Events To Improve Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Racial And Ethnic Minority Communities In Houston, Texas, 2022, Carmin Munoz-Lavanderos, Abiodun Oluyomi, Omar Rosales, Norvin Hernandez, Nana Mensah-Bonsu, Hoda Badr

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Lack of access to timely, accurate, and linguistically appropriate COVID-19 information has complicated the dissemination of evidence-based information and contributed to vaccine hesitancy among racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States. We developed community events that provided outreach, education, and access to COVID-19 vaccination to overcome vaccine hesitancy in these communities.

METHODS: Using spatial analysis techniques, we identified 3 communities with low vaccine uptake in Houston, Texas, in fall 2021; engaged 20 stakeholders from these communities via 4 focus groups to understand barriers to vaccination; and developed and implemented 3 COVID-19 vaccine education and outreach events tailored …

Gsk-3Β As A Potential Coordinator Of Anabolic And Catabolic Pathways In Hepatitis C Virus Insulin Resistance, Gokul C Das, F Blaine Hollinger

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitis C infection can result in insulin resistance (IR). We have previously shown that it occurs through the interaction of pathways for glucose homeostasis, insulin signaling, and autophagy. But it is not known how soon the pathways are activated and how IR is related to the signals generated by catabolic and anabolic conditions occurring in infected cells. We have extended our studies to a cell culture system mimicking acute infection and to downstream pathways involving energy-sensor AMPK and nutrient-sensor mTOR that are active in catabolic and anabolic processes within the infected cells.

METHODS: Huh7 liver cells in culture …

Effects And Plasma Proteomic Analysis Of Glp-1ra Versus Cpa/Ee, In Combination With Metformin, On Overweight Pcos Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Mingyu Liao, Xing Li, Hao Zhang, Ling Zhou, Liu Shi, Weixin Li, Rufei Shen, Guiliang Peng, Huan Zhao, Jiaqing Shao, Xiujie Wang, Zheng Sun, Hongting Zheng, Min Long

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by reproductive dysfunctions and metabolic disorders. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) + Metformin (Met) versus cyproterone acetate/ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE) + Met in overweight PCOS women and identify potential proteomic biomarkers of disease risk in women with PCOS.

METHODS: In this prospective, open-label randomized controlled trial, we recruited 60 overweight PCOS women into two groups at a 1:1 ratio to receive CPA/EE (2 mg/day: 2 mg cyproterone acetate and 35-μg ethinylestradiol,) +Met (1500 mg/day) or GLP-1 RA (liraglutide, 1.2-1.8 mg/day) +Met (1500 mg/day) for 12 weeks. …