Digital Commons Network^™

Incidence Of Autoimmune Diseases In Children With Atopy Treated With Dupilumab, Mitchell Maltenfort, Christopher B Forrest, Theresa W Guilbert, Madeline Schutt, Hiroki Morizono, Gerardo Vazquez Garcia, Anna Cristina Garza-Mayers, Joseph Demetrius Hernandez, Sara Anvari, Suchitra Rao, Jonathan M Spergel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The type 2 inflammation-blocking agent dupilumab has gained traction as an effective treatment of multiple atopic diseases. New-onset autoimmune manifestations have been infrequently reported in dupilumab-treated atopic patients, primarily among adults. Autoimmune outcomes in atopic children on dupilumab are less clear.

Objective: We aimed to determine if dupilumab treatment of atopic children is associated with increased autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease diagnosis risk.

Methods: Using a multi-institutional electronic health record database composed of 10 PEDSnet academic health systems, we performed a retrospective cohort study of children aged 6-17 with atopy (ie, moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and/or persistent asthma, as defined by …

Tulane Virus Protease As A Structural Surrogate For Inhibitor Screening Of Human Norovirus Proteases, Jalen Nguyen, Mary K Estes, Joseph M Hyser, B V Venkataram Prasad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a significant cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, affecting people of all age groups. There are currently no vaccines or drugs available, leaving susceptible populations vulnerable to severe or protracted illness. A HuNoV cultivation system is pivotal for screening norovirus antivirals. While the human intestinal enteroid cultivation system allows robust replication of multiple HuNoV strains, it presents technical and cost barriers. Tulane virus (TV), a surrogate for HuNoV, replicates well in monkey kidney cell lines and is closely related to norovirus in cellular biology. Here, we determined the structures of TV protease (TV-Pro) alone and in complex with …

Genome-Wide Crispr Screen Identifies A Cytokine-Enhancer Circuit Driving Hif-2Α Activation In Renal Cancer, Jun Fang, Jeremy M Simon, Tao Wang, Yunpeng Gao, Xianju Bi, Chengheng Liao, Yayoi Adachi, Jin Zhou, Hongyi Liu, Qian Liang, James A Nathan, Ram Mani, James Brugarolas, Qing Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Resistance to HIF-2α inhibitors such as Belzutifan underscores the need to better understand how HIF-2α is transcriptionally regulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we uncover a cytokine-driven enhancer mechanism that sustains HIF-2α expression through the JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen in VHL-deficient ccRCC cells, we identified SOCS3 as a key negative regulator of HIF-2α. Mechanistically, loss of SOCS3 activates JAK1-STAT3 signaling, leading to the recruitment of STAT3 to distal enhancers upstream of EPAS1 that physically loop to its promoter to drive HIF-2α transcription. This cytokine-enhancer circuit was recapitulated in ccRCC patient samples and functionally …

Efficacy And Safety Of Stem Cell-Based Interventions For Burn Wound Healing: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Pre-Clinical And Early Clinical Evidence, Prayuth Poowaruttanawiwit, Patsanan Kulla, Naveeya Pakpoomkamonlert

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Burn injuries remain a major therapeutic challenge, with conventional treatments often failing to achieve complete functional skin regeneration. Stem cell-based interventions, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosome derivatives, have demonstrated regenerative and immunomodulatory potential, yet their translation to clinical practice remains limited.
Objectives: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell-based therapies for burn wound healing across pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Materials and Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane) were searched through April 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and controlled pre-clinical …

Γδ T Cells At The Interface Of Innate And Adaptive Immunity In Cancer, Arnau Solé Casaramona, Martin F Bachmann, Eva Sevick-Muraca, Mona O Mohsen

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

γδ T cells are unconventional lymphocytes that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by combining recognition of stress-induced ligands independently of classical major histocompatibility complex molecules with the capacity to undergo clonal expansion and long-term adaptation. Their unusual ability to detect malignant transformation using semi-invariant T-cell receptors, butyrophilin recognition and natural killer-like receptors positions them as powerful effector cells in tumors that evade classical immune escape mechanisms. Furthermore, distinct γδ subsets have distinct phenotyping and specific tissue-residencies, which could be leveraged to modulate immunological responses. We evaluate engineered therapies and different experimental platforms for studying γδ T cell biology. We conclude …

Hybrid Diabetes Coaching Model: Integrating In-Person And Telemedicine Strategies To Improve Glycemic Outcomes, Sandis A. Mundackal

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: In patients with type 2 diabetes, poor glycemic control among adults remains a significant challenge in primary care settings, particularly within federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) that serve underserved populations. At the FQHC practice site, patients were managed using standard care with quarterly follow- up visits, without a structured hybrid coaching approach. This inconsistency contributed to a high number of patients with hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) levels ≥ 9%, placing them at increased risk for diabetes-related complications.

PICOT Question: In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (HgbA1c ≥ 9%) (P), does monthly hybrid coaching delivered through in-person and/or …

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange For Uncontrollable Bleeding After Platelet Inhibition With Ticagrelor: A Report Of 2 Cases, Amanda Herrmann, Brenda Mai, Yu Bai, Brian Castillo, Biswajit Kar, Kimberly Klein, Ismael A Salas De Armas, Eric Salazar, Hlaing Tint, Igor D Gregoric

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Case series

Patients: Male, 52-year-old Male, 66-year-old

Final Diagnosis: Uncontrolled bleeding following ticagrelor associated with cardiac surgery

Symptoms: Bleeding

Clinical Procedure: —

Specialty: Cardiology Critical Care Medicine Pathology

Objective: Unusual clinical course

Background

Acute coronary syndrome is the most common cause of death in the United States. Successful intervention often requires a multi-therapeutic approach, including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and antiplatelet agents such as ticagrelor. However, the use of antiplatelet agents can cause life-threatening bleeding, particularly during emergency procedures. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a procedure that selectively removes the patient’s plasma to eliminate harmful substances. Here, we present 2 …

Health Effects Of Cadmium And Manganese Exposure On Luteinizing Hormone Levels: A Pilot Study Of Female Infertility, Shatha F. Alhous, Anees A. Al-Hamzawi, Murtadha Sh. Aswood

Al-Bahir

Female infertility occurs for many reasons, some unknown. Exposure to heavy metals is a risk factor that negatively impacts on female reproductive system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cadmium Cd and manganese Mn on luteinizing hormone LH levels for females’ infertility. This study included a healthy group (n = 20), primary infertile females (n = 40), and secondary infertile females (n = 20) collected from Al-Zahraa hospital in Najaf center, Iraq. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to measure the cadmium and manganese concentrations and LH levels were measured by a Maglumi 800 from Snibe …

Plant-Based Dietary Patterns Are Associated With Slower Epigenetic Aging, Alexis C Wood, Audrey Ting, Morgan E Grams, Bing Yu, Kelly Ruggles, James S Floyd, Dan E Arking, Casey M Rebholz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Greater adherence to plant-based diets is associated with health benefits. Dietary intake can modify DNA methylation patterns, but it is unknown whether plant-based diets in a largely non-vegetarian population are associated with DNA methylation-based epigenetic aging measures. We examined the associations between 4 different types of plant-based diets indices (PDI) [overall PDI, provegetarian diet, healthy PDI, and unhealthy PDI] and epigenetic aging. We used data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (N=2,810) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, N=2,056). PDIs negatively scored higher intake of animal products and positively scored higher intake of all or selected …

Self-Clustering Of Three Cbx2 Molecules Drives Prc2 To Promote Facultative Heterochromatinization Of Polycomb Target Genes, Xinlong Luo, Axel Espinoza, Joey Wen, Chengjie Zhu, Joseph Tucker, Kalkidan Astatike, Christopher J Phiel, Hatim Sabaawy, Tatiana G Kutateladze, Tao P Wu, Tingting Yao, Chao Lu, Srinivas Ramachandran, Xiaojun Ren

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Phase separation is increasingly recognized in facultative heterochromatinization of Polycomb target genes; however, the mechanisms underlying this process remain obscure. Using single-molecule imaging and tracking, we show that individual condensates in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) contain approximately 3 CBX2 molecules and numerous Polycomb repressive complex (PRC)1 and PRC2 subunits and indicate that the composition and dynamics of condensates are developmentally regulated. We reveal that CBX2 clusters PRC2 and controls the spatial distribution of both PRC2 and H3K27me3. Using genomic approaches, we demonstrate that CBX2 binds to condensate initiation sites, which are enriched for PRC2 nucleation sites. CBX2 deletion causes …

“Real-World Prognostic Performance Of Different Severe And Advanced Heart Failure Definitions: Data From The Swedish Heart Failure Registry”, Camilla Hage, Felix Lindberg, Christian Basile, Alessandro Villaschi, Francesca Musella, Davide Stolfo, Raffaele Scorza, Guillame Baudry, Charlotta Ljungman, Oscar Braun, Valeria Valente, Biykem Bozkurt, Marco Metra, Gianluigi Savarese

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: A valid definition of severe heart failure (HF) is essential for earlier identification, timely referral for advanced therapies, and to optimize clinical trial design.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence, prognostic performance, and 1-year outcomes associated with different definitions of severe and advanced HF (AdvHF) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods: We included 15,153 patients with EF < 40%, HF duration >6 months, and no prior left ventricular assist device or heart transplant, from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Several definitions of severe/AdvHF were evaluated: a simplified Heart Failure Association (HFA) definition (NYHA III-IV, EF < 30%, ≥2 HF hospitalizations in 12 months), the GALACTIC-Severe-definition (NYHA III-IV, EF < 30%, ≥1 hospitalization in 6 months), and variations adding/removing criteria such as NT-proBNP levels and diuretic dose to the HFA-AdvHF definition. Predictive performance and 1-year outcomes were analyzed.

Results: The HFA-definition identified …

Role Of Plants And Phytochemicals In Promoting Proliferation And Osteogenic Differentiation Of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Review, Hala El-Zahar, Essam Abdel-Sattar, Marwa Yousry Moustafa Issa, Shereen N. Raafat, Noha Swilam

Dentistry

Abstract Objectives Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising source for regenerative medicine due to their accessibility and capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and other lineages. Osteogenic differentiation of dental MSCs is essential for bone formation and is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, cytokines, growth fac‑ tors, and transcription factors. This review aims to summarize the effects of plant-derived extracts and phytochemicals on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of dental MSCs. Methods In this review, an extensive literature search was conducted covering studies from the past 10 years, using different online databases (SCOPUS, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, …

A Tibial Osteotomy Of The Medial Collateral Ligament Insertion To Improve Visualization Of The Medial Tibial Plateau: A Cadaveric Study, Kathryn A Barth, Ricardo R Tijerina, Adeet Amin, Avrey A Novak, Erik N Mayer, Sabir K Ismaily, John W Munz, Andrew M Choo, Timothy S Achor, Steven J Warner, Jonathan G Eastman, Patrick J Kellam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: To compare visualization of the medial tibial plateau articular surface using three surgical approaches: medial collateral ligament (MCL) split, femoral epicondyle osteotomy of the MCL origin, and tibial osteotomy of the MCL insertion.

Methods: Seven matched pairs of fresh-frozen adult cadaveric lower extremity specimens (14 knee specimens total) with no evidence of previous surgery were utilized. Through a medial approach to the proximal tibia, the MCL split technique was performed followed by a sub-meniscal arthrotomy. Standardized distraction of the joint was applied using a universal distractor. A three-dimensional digitizer probe was utilized to map the visible articular surface. These …

Sleep Disturbances In Patients With Cushing Syndrome And Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sarina Ahmadian, Vanessa Fell, Dana Erickson, Anina F Peersen, Sara J Achenbach, Elizabeth J Atkinson, Irina Bancos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Context: The impact of active hypercortisolism on sleep is incompletely characterized. Studies report impaired sleep in patients with Cushing syndrome (CS). Patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) demonstrate mild nocturnal hypercortisolism that could impact sleep.

Objectives: To characterize sleep abnormalities in patients with CS and MACS using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), identify factors associated with poor sleep, and compare sleep abnormalities in patients with MACS vs referent subjects.

Methods: We conducted a single-center cross-sectional study of adults with active CS and MACS. Clinical and biochemical severity scores for hypercortisolism were calculated. Parallelly, we enrolled referent subjects. Quality …

2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: The Use Of Tpa And Dnase Or Tpa Alone For Fibrinolysis, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Mark I Neuman, Samir S Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this report, the panel provides recommendations for intrapleural fibrinolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) alone over tPA and dornase alfa (DNase) in children (3 months to 18 years) with complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according …

2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: The Choice Of Chest Tube Size, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Mark I Neuman, Samir S Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations on the appropriate size of thoracostomy tube for drainage. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

Disrupted Nuclear Function And Nucleocytoplasmic Transport In Parkinson’S Disease, Ichiro M. Matoba

The Cardinal Edge

No abstract provided.

Nonlinear Bivariate Associations And Mononuclear Cell‐Type‐Specific Expression Level Differences In The Sting Signalling Pathway, David Kaplan

Faculty Scholarship

Understanding intracellular signalling pathways is crucial since they regulate essential functional activities. Bivariate relationships have been useful in delineating these pathways in clinical samples. In our previous studies, we have found many linear associations between pathway components, and we have interpreted these correlations as rheostatic regulators. Increases in an upstream component are correlated with a commensurate downstream increase. Here, we report a quantitative analysis of molecules in the STING pathway by assessing the variance in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-type-specific molecular expression from patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The induction of the type I interferon track by this pathway …

2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: The Use Of Chest Ultrasound In Children With Parapneumonic Effusion, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Samir S Shah, Mark I Neuman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for the role of chest ultrasound to evaluate parapneumonic effusion and empyema. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: The Use Of Pleural Fluid Drainage Compared To Surgical Debridement, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Samir S Shah, Mark I Neuman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations on the choice of pleural fluid drainage by chest tube with fibrinolysis versus mechanical debridement. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: The Use Of Pleural Fluid Drainage Versus Observation, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Mark I Neuman, Samir S Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for pleural fluid drainage in children (3 months to 18 years) with parapneumonic effusion and empyema. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

Clinical Practice Guideline By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society: 2026 Guideline Update On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Mark I Neuman, Samir S Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

As the first part of an update to the clinical practice guideline on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age, we present six updated recommendations. The updated recommendations span the characterization and management of pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

High Dietary Fiber Is Associated With Improved Outcomes In Patients With Melanoma And Sarcoma Treated With Immunotherapy Regardless Of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis And Social Vulnerability, Brittany C Fields, Raymond S Traweek, Kai Jiang, Russell G Witt, Ashish Damania, Nadim Ajami, Emily Z Keung, Manoj Chelvanambi, Xiaotao Zhang, Christine B Peterson, Jennifer A Wargo, Carrie R Daniel, Christina L Roland, Ashley M Holder

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Social vulnerability, dietary fiber, and the gut microbiome have been individually implicated in clinical outcomes for melanoma and sarcoma patients. This study hypothesized that increasing social vulnerability is associated with insufficient dietary fiber intake and negatively associated with microbiome composition and clinical outcomes.

Methods: Clinicopathologic data, baseline fiber intake, and gut microbiome profiles were assessed in 153 patients with melanoma or sarcoma treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and prospectively followed. Patients' social vulnerability index (SVI) and fiber intake were evaluated for associations with microbiome composition, treatment response, and overall survival (OS).

Results: SVI percentile was 0.4 (interquartile ratio …

Radiation Doses To Cardiac Substructures Predict Elevation In High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Levels In Radiation Therapy For Lung Cancer, Xinru Chen, Xiaodong Zhang, Ting Xu, Radhe Mohan, Ruitao Lin, Mei Chen, Rachel C Maguire, Yao Zhao, Efstratios Koutroumpakis, Nicolas L Palaskas, Anita Deswal, Ali Ajdari, Joshua S Niedzielski, Sanjay S Shete, Laurence E Court, Jinzhong Yang, Zhongxing Liao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Cardiotoxicity is a major concern for patients undergoing thoracic radiation therapy. This study compared the predictive power of radiation dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters and radiomic/dosiomic features of the whole heart (WH) and cardiac substructures for elevated circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), a biomarker for early detection of cardiac adverse events.

Methods and materials: A retrospective cohort of 160 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from a completed prospective trial and a prospective cohort of 57 patients with NSCLC enrolled in an ongoing trial were analyzed. The endpoint was hs-cTnT elevation, indicated by an increase of ≥5 ng/L …

Patterns Of Failure Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery Salvage For Recurrent High-Grade Glioma, Shivani Bindal, Brandon Gonzalez, Antonio Dono, Roy Riascos, Jay-Jiguang Zhu, Nitin Tandon, Yoshua Esquenazi, Mark Amsbaugh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and objectives: Re-irradiation with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an increasingly used treatment for recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG). We analyzed the patterns of failure after salvage SRS to better identify which patients would most benefit.

Methods: We reviewed all patients who received SRS for recurrent HGG over 12 years at our institution. Pattern of failure was defined by the distance of recurrence from the SRS isodose line. Overall-survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local-failure-free survival (LFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and regression model analysis was performed to analyze clinical predictors of failure.

Results: 146 patients with HGG underwent SRS …

Investigating Corollaries Between Streptococcus Gallolyticus Subsp. Gallolyticus Virulence And Colorectal Cancer, Tyler G. Myers

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sgg) is a gram-positive, non-beta-hemolytic bacterium that belongs to the Lancefield group D of streptococcal pathogens. For the past several decades, associations between Sgg bacteremia and colorectal cancer (CRC) have been apparent, with gastroenterologists routinely recommending colonoscopies for positive cases of Sgg in either blood or stool samples. However, current research has not wholly established whether Sgg acts as a causative agent of CRC or if pre-existing cancers make the lumen of the colon more hospitable to its colonization. Regardless, Sgg has been implicated in the modulation of host inflammatory pathways and subsequent remodeling …

Inverse Associations Of Serum Total Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Linoleic Acid With Biomarkers Of Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Kevin C Maki, Xiwei Chen, Meredith L Wilcox, Carol F Kirkpatrick, Liana L Guarneiri, Orsolya M Palacios, Erika T Beidelman, Anna Lm Macagno, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Observational evidence supports associations between higher consumption of omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with reduced risks for cardiometabolic diseases. However, some have hypothesized that higher n-6 PUFA intake may be proinflammatory.

Objectives: The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the Aegis cohort was to examine associations of serum total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid concentrations with biomarkers of inflammation.

Methods: Serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glycoprotein acetyls, serum amyloid A (SAA), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were assessed as biomarkers of inflammation. Univariate Pearson correlation coefficients …

Adolescent And Parent Dyad Perceptions On The Utility And Implementation Ability To Use Cellphone-Based Technology To Reduce Distracted Driving In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Usa, Kevin Rix, Rachel Solomon, Mallory Lacy, M Kit Delgado, Jeffrey P Ebert, Douglas J Wiebe, Catherine Claire Mcdonald

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Losing focus while driving, including cellphone-based distractions (phone calls, text messages, other apps), is a prominent problem for adolescent drivers. Internal cellphone-based technologies designed to reduce distractions are prominent, but little is known about how parents and their children feel about their ability to successfully reduce distracted driving. This study interviews parents and adolescents to understand the utility and what is needed for implementation of these technologies.

Methods: Twenty (20) adolescent-parent dyads participated in semistructured qualitative interviews. Participants reflected adolescent drivers and their parents who previously had been documented as ranging from 'very low' risk drivers to 'very high' …

Quality Of Life In Patients With P16+ Oropharyngeal Cancer Receiving Accelerated Radiation Therapy With Either Cisplatin Or Cetuximab In The Nrg/Rtog 1016 Randomized Controlled Trial, Jimmy J Caudell, David J Adelstein, Paul M Harari, Erich M Sturgis, Ethan Basch, Shlomo A Koyfman, Greg A Krempl, Dukagjin M Blakaj, James Edward Bates, Thomas J Galloway, Christopher U Jones, Beth M Beadle, Jonathan Harris, Quynh-Thu Le, Sue S Yom, Benjamin Movsas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: NRG/RTOG 1016 was a phase III randomized noninferiority de-escalation trial comparing cetuximab versus cisplatin, concurrent with accelerated radiation 70 Gy/6 weeks, in p16+ oropharyngeal cancer. Quality of life (QOL) was a secondary endpoint.

Methods and materials: Eligible/consenting patients among the first 400 entered completed the EORTC QLQ-C30/H&N35 at baseline, end of treatment, 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment, to provide 90% power to detect an effect size of 0.5 in the between-arm change in QOL scores from baseline to 6 months. We report completion, responsiveness, and patterns over time across domains between arms, considering a difference of >10 points …

Challenges Of Electronic Medical Record Implementation From The Perspective Of Hospital Leaders In Riyadh, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia's Public Hospitals: A Mixed-Methods Study, Atheer A. Alghamdi, Samiha H. Sayed

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To assesses the challenges of implementing electronic medical records (EMR) from the leaders' perspective in public hospitals in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and explores their suggestions for improvement. Methods: A concurrent mixed research approach using a purposive sample of all hospital leaders (61) involved in EMR in 5 randomly selected public hospitals utilizing EMR in Riyadh. The researchers deployed a semi-structured interview schedule to collect the data. They used descriptive statistics and ordinal regression analysis for quantitative data, and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Results: Indicate that 80.3% of the hospital leaders had a good perception of …