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Factors Impacting Vaccine Uptake During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis, Maame Aba Coleman, Deepa Dongarwar, Jessica Ramirez, Mei-Li Laracuente, Chelsea Livingston, Julliet Ogu, Racquel Lyn, Arabella Hall, Sylvia Adu-Gyamfi, Hamisu M Salihu Jan 2022

Factors Impacting Vaccine Uptake During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis, Maame Aba Coleman, Deepa Dongarwar, Jessica Ramirez, Mei-Li Laracuente, Chelsea Livingston, Julliet Ogu, Racquel Lyn, Arabella Hall, Sylvia Adu-Gyamfi, Hamisu M Salihu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vaccine uptake rates during pregnancy remain below target goals due to a convergence of factors. In particular, women of lower socioeconomic means and racial minorities typically have reduced rates of vaccine acceptance. This study aims to identify additional factors contributing to vaccine acceptance within a sample population of women receiving prenatal care in Houston, Texas, United States of America.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 11,500 pregnant women covered by Medicaid or ChipPerinate who received prenatal care during 2013-2021, assessing influenza (flu) and combined Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (TDAP) vaccine acceptance in the patient population. …


Fertility Control Options For Management Of Free-Roaming Horse Populations, Ursula S. Bechert, John W. Turner Jr., Dan L. Baker, Douglas C. Eckery, Jason E. Bruemmer, Candace C. Lyman, Tulio M. Prado, Sarah R. B. King, Mark A. Fraker Jan 2022

Fertility Control Options For Management Of Free-Roaming Horse Populations, Ursula S. Bechert, John W. Turner Jr., Dan L. Baker, Douglas C. Eckery, Jason E. Bruemmer, Candace C. Lyman, Tulio M. Prado, Sarah R. B. King, Mark A. Fraker

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The management of free-roaming horses (Equus ferus) and burros (E. asinus) in the United States has been referred to as a “wicked problem” because, although there are population control options, societal values will ultimately determine what is acceptable and what is not. In the United States, free-roaming equids are managed by different types of organizations and agencies, and the landscapes that these animals inhabit vary widely in terms of access, size, topography, climate, natural resources, flora, and fauna. This landscape diversity, coupled with contemporary socioeconomic and political environments, means that adaptive management practices are needed to …


Study Of Thermodynamic Binding Between Ader And Ades In Two-Component Antibiotic Sensor Of Antibiotic Resistant Strains Of Acinetobacter Baumannii, Konrawee Thananon Jan 2022

Study Of Thermodynamic Binding Between Ader And Ades In Two-Component Antibiotic Sensor Of Antibiotic Resistant Strains Of Acinetobacter Baumannii, Konrawee Thananon

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The proteins AdeR (response regulator) and AdeS (histidine kinase sensor) play a crucial role in regulating the efflux pump, which is responsible for removing antibiotics from bacterial cells. This regulation occurs through a two-component regulatory system (TCS) involving autophosphorylation. Upon receiving external signals, AdeS undergoes autophosphorylation, leading to the activation of AdeR, which in turn initiates the expression of target genes related to the efflux pump. In this study, both enzymes from the reference strain of Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC19606) and antibiotic resistant strains (H1074 and G560) were cloned and expressed in E. coli. The enzymes were purified using an immobilized …


Plasma Levels And Association Of Phosphorylated Tau 181, 217 And 231 With Cognitive Impairment In Elderly Thai Population, Pasin Hemachudha Jan 2022

Plasma Levels And Association Of Phosphorylated Tau 181, 217 And 231 With Cognitive Impairment In Elderly Thai Population, Pasin Hemachudha

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background The identification of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in blood samples has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis and improve the accuracy of AD diagnosis. Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) is a promising biomarker for AD with an accuracy potentially comparable to a cerebrospinal sample; however, its utility in the clinical setting has yet to be explored in Thailand. The present study aimed to evaluate the utility of p-tau 181 as a tool for screening cognitive impairment in a non-demented population, estimating the prevalence of AD and investigating its potential as a risk stratification strategy. Method The study recruited 254 …


ความสามารถของซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับในการวินิจฉัยภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวในผู้ป่วยโรคตับแข็งที่รับไว้ในโรงพยาบาล, ศลิษา เวทย์นฤมาณ Jan 2022

ความสามารถของซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับในการวินิจฉัยภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวในผู้ป่วยโรคตับแข็งที่รับไว้ในโรงพยาบาล, ศลิษา เวทย์นฤมาณ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษาความสามารถของซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับในการวินิจฉัยภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวแรกรับในผู้ป่วยตับแข็งที่เข้ารับการรักษาในโรงพยาบาล และศึกษาความสามารถของซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับในการทำนายการเสียชีวิตที่ 28 วันในผู้ป่วยกลุ่มนี้ วิธีการวิจัย: ผู้ป่วยโรคตับแข็งที่เข้ารับการรักษาภายใน 24 ชั่วโมงแรกในโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ สภากาชาดไทย ระหว่างเดือนสิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2564 ถึงเดือนมกราคม พ.ศ. 2566 จำนวนทั้งหมด 116 รายได้เข้าร่วมงานวิจัย โดยแบ่งเป็นกลุ่มที่มีและไม่มีภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวแรกรับ การวินิจฉัยภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวในผู้ป่วยตับแข็งอ้างอิงจาก European Association for the Study of Liver-Chronic Liver Failure (EASL-CLIF) consortium criteria มีการส่งตรวจระดับซีรั่มเอนโดแคน ซีรั่มโปรแคลซิโทนินและซีรั่มอินเตอร์ลิวคิน-6 แรกรับและในวันที่ 3 ของการเข้ารับการรักษาในโรงพยาบาล โดยหาความไว ความจำเพาะ และ area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) ในการวินิจฉัยภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวและทำนายการเสียชีวิตที่ 28 วัน ผลการศึกษา: ในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยตับแข็งที่มีภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวแรกรับ มีระดับซีรั่มเอนโดแคน ซีรั่มโปรแคลซิโทนินและซีรั่มอินเตอร์ลิวคิน-6 แรกรับสูงกว่ากลุ่มที่ไม่มีภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวแรกรับอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ เช่นเดียวกับในกลุ่มผู้เสียชีวิตที่ 28 วัน ในการวินิจฉัยภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวแรกรับ จุดตัดที่เหมาะสม (optimal cut-off) ของซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับเท่ากับ 21.95 นก./มล. มีความไวร้อยละ 56.4 และความจำเพาะร้อยละ 75.4 ค่า AUROC ของซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับเท่ากับ 0.67 (95%CI 0.57-0.77) ซีรั่มโปรแคลซิโทนินแรกรับเท่ากับ 0.73 และซีรั่มอินเตอร์ลิวคิน-6 แรกรับเท่ากับ 0.72 ในการวินิจฉัยภาวะอวัยวะล้มเหลวแรกรับ การเปรียบเทียบแบบคู่ของดัชนีชี้วัดทางชีวภาพแต่ละชนิดแสดงให้เห็นว่าไม่มีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญระหว่างซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับกับซีรั่มโปรแคลซิโทนินแรกรับ (p=0.277) หรือระหว่างซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับกับซีรั่มอินเตอร์ลิวคิน-6 แรกรับ (p=0.341) ในการทำนายการเสียชีวิตที่ 28 วัน ค่า AUROC ของซีรั่มเอนโดแคนแรกรับเท่ากับ 0.66 ซีรั่มโปรแคลซิโทนินแรกรับเท่ากับ 0.75 และซีรั่มอินเตอร์ลิวคิน-6 แรกรับเท่ากับ 0.80 …


Analysis Of Genetic Diversity In A Novel Vaccine Candidate, The Glutamic Acid-Rich Protein Of Plasmodium Falciparum (Pfgarp), Rattanaporn Rojrung Jan 2022

Analysis Of Genetic Diversity In A Novel Vaccine Candidate, The Glutamic Acid-Rich Protein Of Plasmodium Falciparum (Pfgarp), Rattanaporn Rojrung

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Malaria vaccine development confronts high genetic polymorphism in some antigenic components of the vaccine candidates, which could potentially limit the vaccine efficacy. An antigen of Plasmodium falciparum, designated glutamic acid-rich protein (PfGARP), has recently been considered as a strong vaccine target against asexual-blood-stages parasite. It has been shown that naturally acquired anti-PfGARP antibodies elicited clinical protection against severe malaria among people living in hyperendemic areas. Furthermore, PfGARP has been involved in binding to human erythrocyte band 3, which induces erythrocyte aggregation and might bring about severe malaria. However, the extent of genetic variation in the pfgarp locus among field isolates …


การทดลองแบบสุ่มเพื่อเปรียบเทียบการปนเปื้อนของ แบคทีเรียในกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดี และตับอ่อนภายหลังจากการล้างตามขั้นตอนล้างด้วยมือระหว่างกล้องที่สามารถเปลี่ยนส่วนหุ้มปลายกล้องทิ้งได้และกล้องที่สามารถถอดส่วนอีลีเวเตอร์และสายลวดได้, จิรายุส บัวทอง Jan 2022

การทดลองแบบสุ่มเพื่อเปรียบเทียบการปนเปื้อนของ แบคทีเรียในกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดี และตับอ่อนภายหลังจากการล้างตามขั้นตอนล้างด้วยมือระหว่างกล้องที่สามารถเปลี่ยนส่วนหุ้มปลายกล้องทิ้งได้และกล้องที่สามารถถอดส่วนอีลีเวเตอร์และสายลวดได้, จิรายุส บัวทอง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วัตถุประสงค์ เปรียบเทียบอัตราการปนเปื้อนเชื้อแบคทีเรียภายหลังการล้างกล้องขั้นตอนล้างด้วยมือระหว่างกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนที่สามารถถอดส่วนอีลีเวเตอร์และสายลวดได้ และกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนที่สามารถถอดส่วนหุ้มปลายกล้องเปลี่ยนทิ้งได้ และศึกษาสารอินทรีย์ตกค้างรวมถึงศึกษาอัตราส่วนต้นทุนต่อประสิทธิผลที่เพิ่มขึ้นเพื่อประเมินความคุ้มทุนของการลดอัตราการปนเปื้อนเชื้อแบคทีเรียในกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนทั้ง 2 ชนิด วิธีการวิจัย ระหว่างเดือนกรกฎาคม 2565 ถึงกุมภาพันธ์ 2566 มีผู้ป่วย 162 คนเข้ารับการส่องกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนและได้รับการสุ่มออกเป็น 2 กลุ่ม ได้แก่ กลุ่มที่ 1 ได้รับการส่องกล้องด้วยกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนที่สามารถถอดส่วนหุ้มปลายกล้องเปลี่ยนทิ้งได้ และกลุ่มที่ 2 ได้รับการส่องกล้องด้วยกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนที่สามารถถอดส่วนอีลีเวเตอร์และสายลวดได้ ภายหลังทำความสะอาดกล้องขั้นตอนล้างด้วยมือและขั้นตอนทำลายเชื้อระดับสูง จะทำการเก็บตัวอย่างเพาะเชื้อแบคทีเรียจากส่วนอีลีเวเตอร์ และตามด้วยการตรวจอะดีโนซีนไตรฟอสเฟตเพื่อประเมิณระดับสารอินทรีย์ที่ตกค้าง ผลการศึกษา ภายหลังขั้นตอนการทำความสะอาดกล้องด้วยมือ พบว่าอัตราการปนเปื้อนเชื้อแบคทีเรียไม่มีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติระหว่างกลุ่มที่ 1 และกลุ่มที่ 2 (ร้อยละ 8.6 เทียบกับ ร้อยละ 8.6, p=1.00) และไม่พบความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติของค่าเฉลี่ยของระดับของอะดีโนซีนไตรฟอสเฟต (164.6±257.5 RLUs เทียบกับ 158.1±286.1 RLUs, p=0.88) ในระหว่าง 2 กลุ่ม และภายหลังการทำความสะอาดกล้องขั้นตอนการทำลายเชื้อระดับสูง ไม่พบการปนเปื้อนของเชื้อแบคทีเรียจากกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนในทั้ง 2 กลุ่ม และไม่พบความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติของค่าเฉลี่ยของระดับของอะดีโนซีนไตรฟอสเฟต (30.1±45.3 RLUs เทียบกับ 37.5±151.9 RLUs, p=0.68) ในระหว่าง 2 กลุ่ม โดยกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนชนิดที่ถอดส่วนปลอกหุ้มปลายกล้องเปลี่ยนทิ้งได้มีค่าใช้จ่ายมากกว่ากล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนชนิดที่สามารถถอดส่วนอีลีเวเตอร์และสายลวดได้ 688,224 บาท โดยให้อัตราการปนเปื้อนเชื้อแบคทีเรียภายหลังขั้นตอนการล้างกล้องด้วยมือเท่ากันที่ร้อยละ 8.6 สรุป การปนเปื้อนเชื้อแบคทีเรียของกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนที่สามารถถอดส่วนอีลีเวเตอร์และสายลวดได้ไม่ได้ต่ำกว่ากล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนที่สามารถถอดส่วนหุ้มปลายกล้องเปลี่ยนทิ้งได้ภายหลังขั้นตอนการล้างด้วยมือ อย่างไรก็ตามไม่พบการปนเปื้อนเชื้อแบคทีเรียในกล้องทั้งสองชนิดหลังการทำความสะอาดตามมาตรฐานเสร็จสิ้น และด้วยอัตราการปนเปื้อนเชื้อแบคทีเรียที่เท่ากันของกล้องทั้งสองชนิดนี้ กล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนที่สามารถถอดส่วนอีลีเวเตอร์และสายลวดได้ มีค่าใช้จ่ายที่น้อยกว่า 679,645 บาท เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับกล้องตรวจท่อน้ำดีและตับอ่อนที่สามารถถอดส่วนหุ้มปลายกล้องเปลี่ยนทิ้งได้


Alteration Of Gut Microbiome Diversity And Composition Following Treatment In Chronic Liver Diseases, Thananya Jinato Jan 2022

Alteration Of Gut Microbiome Diversity And Composition Following Treatment In Chronic Liver Diseases, Thananya Jinato

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Chronic liver diseases (CLD) have become a significant global health challenge due to their potential progression towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The major etiologies of CLD and HCC include viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as environmental factors such as high caloric intake and lifestyle changes, which contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In recent years, evidence has highlighted the association between these factors and the alteration of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, and its impact on health status and …


T-Lymphocyte Tyrosine Hydroxylase Regulates T H 17 T-Lymphocytes During Repeated Social Defeat Stress, Safwan K. Elkhatib, Cassandra M. Moshfegh, Gabrielle F. Watson, Adam J. Case Jan 2022

T-Lymphocyte Tyrosine Hydroxylase Regulates T H 17 T-Lymphocytes During Repeated Social Defeat Stress, Safwan K. Elkhatib, Cassandra M. Moshfegh, Gabrielle F. Watson, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder which results in deleterious changes to psychological and physical health. Patients with PTSD are especially susceptible to life-threatening co-morbid inflammation-driven pathologies, such as autoimmunity, while also demonstrating increased T-helper 17 (TH17) lymphocyte-driven inflammation. While the exact mechanism of this increased inflammation is unknown, overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is a hallmark of PTSD. Neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system (i.e., catecholamines) can alter T-lymphocyte function, which we have previously demonstrated to be partially mitochondrial redox-mediated. Furthermore, we have previously elucidated that T-lymphocytes generate their own catecholamines, and strong …


Magi1 Inhibits Interferon Signaling To Promote Influenza A Infection, Yin Wang, Jun-Ichi Abe, Khanh M Chau, Yongxing Wang, Hang Thi Vu, Loka Reddy Velatooru, Fahad Gulraiz, Masaki Imanishi, Venkata S K Samanthapudi, Minh T H Nguyen, Kyung Ae Ko, Ling-Ling Lee, Tamlyn N Thomas, Elizabeth A Olmsted-Davis, Sivareddy Kotla, Keigi Fujiwara, John P Cooke, Di Zhao, Scott E Evans, Nhat-Tu Le Jan 2022

Magi1 Inhibits Interferon Signaling To Promote Influenza A Infection, Yin Wang, Jun-Ichi Abe, Khanh M Chau, Yongxing Wang, Hang Thi Vu, Loka Reddy Velatooru, Fahad Gulraiz, Masaki Imanishi, Venkata S K Samanthapudi, Minh T H Nguyen, Kyung Ae Ko, Ling-Ling Lee, Tamlyn N Thomas, Elizabeth A Olmsted-Davis, Sivareddy Kotla, Keigi Fujiwara, John P Cooke, Di Zhao, Scott E Evans, Nhat-Tu Le

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We have shown that membrane-associated guanylate kinase with inverted domain structure-1 (MAGI1), a scaffold protein with six PSD95/DiscLarge/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains, is involved in the regulation of endothelial cell (EC) activation and atherogenesis in mice. In addition to causing acute respiratory disease, influenza A virus (IAV) infection plays an important role in atherogenesis and triggers acute coronary syndromes and fatal myocardial infarction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the function and regulation of MAGI1 in IAV-induced EC activation. Whereas, EC infection by IAV increases MAGI1 expression, MAGI1 depletion suppresses IAV infection, suggesting that the induction of MAGI1 may …


The Effect Of Heparinoid As Systemic Prophylactic Anticoagulants On Covid-19 Patient Mortality And Its Safety Profiles: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ariska Deffy Anggarany, Rani Sauriasari, Muhammad Alkaff, Famila Takhwifa, Hayatun Nufus, Diana Paramita Dec 2021

The Effect Of Heparinoid As Systemic Prophylactic Anticoagulants On Covid-19 Patient Mortality And Its Safety Profiles: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ariska Deffy Anggarany, Rani Sauriasari, Muhammad Alkaff, Famila Takhwifa, Hayatun Nufus, Diana Paramita

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Coagulopathy is one of the complications of COVID-19 and is associated with a higher risk of mortality. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy in various doses among COVID-19 patients is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review and explore the effect of using heparinoids as a systemic anticoagulant at prophylactic doses on mortality in COVID-19 patients. Systematic searches were conducted of various databases (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Scopus, and ProQuest) covering the period 2019-2021. We assessed the quality of the articles using the STROBE checklist. Studies with a high risk of bias were excluded before …


Hubungan Faktor Pejamu Dan Lingkungan Dengan Pneumonia Balita Di 5 Provinsi Di Pulau Sulawesi, Alfi Lailiyah, Nuning Maria Kiptiyah Dec 2021

Hubungan Faktor Pejamu Dan Lingkungan Dengan Pneumonia Balita Di 5 Provinsi Di Pulau Sulawesi, Alfi Lailiyah, Nuning Maria Kiptiyah

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Pneumonia merupakan penyakit menular yang menginfeksi paru-paru. Period prevalence pneumonia balita di 5 provinsi di Sulawesi lebih tinggi dibanding angka nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pneumonia balita di 5 Provinsi di Pulau Sulawesi. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2012. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan uji chi-square dan hasil ukur prevalence ratio (PR). Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah faktor pejamu (umur balita, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, pemberian vitamin A, status imunisasi campak dan DPT) dan faktor lingkungan (pendidikan ibu, tempat tinggal, bahan bakar memasak, keberadaan …


An Investigation Into The Prevalence Of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Within An Irish Hospital, Dylan Casey Dec 2021

An Investigation Into The Prevalence Of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Within An Irish Hospital, Dylan Casey

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are well-recognised nosocomial pathogens that pose a significant threat to public health. Associated with poorer clinical outcomes than their vancomycin-sensitive counterparts, the prevalence of VRE in Ireland has increased in recent times, with the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network reporting that out of 29 countries, Ireland demonstrated the highest rates of vancomycin resistance among invasive Enterococcus faecium isolates between 2011 and 2014 (2011; 34.9%, 2012; 44.0%, 2013; 42.7%, 2014; 45.1%). Herein, we investigate VRE prevalence in the Mercy University Hospital (MUH) – an acute care hospital in southern Ireland. A total of 21 first-time VRE infections were …


Evaluation Of Stratified Antibiograms For Use In Laboratory And Antimicrobial Stewardship, Linsey Donner Dec 2021

Evaluation Of Stratified Antibiograms For Use In Laboratory And Antimicrobial Stewardship, Linsey Donner

Theses & Dissertations

Antibiograms are critical for choosing empiric antimicrobial therapy. Cumulative antibiograms, which aggregate susceptibility data, can mask differences within specific patient subsets or clinical syndromes. This dissertation was done to determine if antibiotic susceptibilities showed substantial differences when comparing stratified antibiograms to cumulative antibiograms.

Antibiotic susceptibility data was retrospectively obtained from Nebraska Medicine January 1, 2017 – December 31, 2019 for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The University of Nebraska Medical Center’s web antibiogram clinical decision support tool was used to export the data. Bacteria-antibiotic susceptibility rates of stratified antibiograms …


The Mrna-Lnp Platform's Lipid Nanoparticle Component Used In Preclinical Vaccine Studies Is Highly Inflammatory, Sonia Ndeupen, Zhen Qin, Sonya Jacobsen, Aurélie Bouteau, Henri Estanbouli, Botond Z. Igyártó Dec 2021

The Mrna-Lnp Platform's Lipid Nanoparticle Component Used In Preclinical Vaccine Studies Is Highly Inflammatory, Sonia Ndeupen, Zhen Qin, Sonya Jacobsen, Aurélie Bouteau, Henri Estanbouli, Botond Z. Igyártó

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Vaccines based on mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising new platform used by two leading vaccines against COVID-19. Clinical trials and ongoing vaccinations present with varying degrees of protection levels and side effects. However, the drivers of the reported side effects remain poorly defined. Here we present evidence that Acuitas' LNPs used in preclinical nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine studies are highly inflammatory in mice. Intradermal and intramuscular injection of these LNPs led to rapid and robust inflammatory responses, characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration, activation of diverse inflammatory pathways, and production of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The same dose of …


The Five Ds Of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship For Urinary Tract Infections, Melanie C Goebel, Barbara W Trautner, Larissa Grigoryan Dec 2021

The Five Ds Of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship For Urinary Tract Infections, Melanie C Goebel, Barbara W Trautner, Larissa Grigoryan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common indications for antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient setting. Given rising rates of antibiotic resistance among uropathogens, antibiotic stewardship is critically needed to improve outpatient antibiotic use, including in outpatient clinics (primary care and specialty clinics) and emergency departments. Outpatient clinics are in general a neglected practice area in antibiotic stewardship programs, yet most antibiotic use in the United States is in the outpatient setting. This article provides a comprehensive review of antibiotic stewardship strategies for outpatient UTI in the adult population, with a focus on the "five Ds" of stewardship …


Predictors Of Mortality Among Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort, Amany A. Salem, Enass E. El-Sayed, Hala M. Abd-Elmaguid, K Allayeh Abdou, Mona Abd Elmotaleb A. Hussein, Muhammed M. Abdul-Ghaffar, Omnia S. Ali, Sheren M. Omar, Wael M. Essa Dec 2021

Predictors Of Mortality Among Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort, Amany A. Salem, Enass E. El-Sayed, Hala M. Abd-Elmaguid, K Allayeh Abdou, Mona Abd Elmotaleb A. Hussein, Muhammed M. Abdul-Ghaffar, Omnia S. Ali, Sheren M. Omar, Wael M. Essa

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background With a diagnostic problem, the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 caused a devastating global consequence. We were identifying severity/mortality risk variables that assist in determining the need for early admission. As a result, we sought to establish for the first time the clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Egyptian hemodialysis patients and to identify the risk factors for mortality. Patients and methods In this observational multicenter retrospective cohort study in Egypt, the data of 377 confirmed COVID-19 patients on regular hemodialysis were collected from hospitals affiliated to the general organization of teaching …


Lower-Limb Resistive Versus Aerobic Training Impact On Quality Of Life In Post-Covid-19 Patients, Asmaa M. Mohamed, Elsaeed E. Shaaban, Esraa A. Mohamed, Zahra M. H. Serry Dec 2021

Lower-Limb Resistive Versus Aerobic Training Impact On Quality Of Life In Post-Covid-19 Patients, Asmaa M. Mohamed, Elsaeed E. Shaaban, Esraa A. Mohamed, Zahra M. H. Serry

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective To determine the effect of lower-limb resistive versus aerobic training impact on quality of life (QOL) in post-COVID-19 patients. Participants and methods Sixty young volunteer patients participated in this study and randomly divided into two equal groups: group A that received an aerobic exercise program three times per week, group B, which received lower-body-resistance exercises. Both groups were evaluated before and after therapy (6 weeks) through measuring resting heart rate (RHR), peak heart rate (PHR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) of selected muscle groups, and QOL assessment using the Short-Form (SF-12) Health Survey Questionnaire. Results The results revealed a …


(R)-2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Iodoamphetamine [(R)-Doi] Influences Coping Strategies To An Escapable Social Stress, Kevin Thomas Krupp Dec 2021

(R)-2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Iodoamphetamine [(R)-Doi] Influences Coping Strategies To An Escapable Social Stress, Kevin Thomas Krupp

Dissertations and Theses

Depressive mood disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide and pharmacological treatments for these disorders are inadequate, requiring new compounds with greater efficacy be investigated. The etiology of depression is heterogeneous; however, it is well established that stress exposure, and the proinflammatory effects of stress have a major role. Psychedelic compounds have rapid and long-lasting anxiolytic and antidepressive effects in humans and animal models of stress induced affective behavior. However, it is not completely understood how these compounds produce such rapid effects. We investigated whether the psychedelic compound (R)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [(R)-DOI], a selective 5-HT2A partial agonist with potent anti-inflammatory properties, …


Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection Caused By Kodamaea Ohmeri In A Young Child, Amier Haidar, Farhana Khaja, Brian Simms, Amr Issam Elgehiny, Tracy Omoegbele, Nikita Khetan Dec 2021

Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection Caused By Kodamaea Ohmeri In A Young Child, Amier Haidar, Farhana Khaja, Brian Simms, Amr Issam Elgehiny, Tracy Omoegbele, Nikita Khetan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION:

CASE REPORT: The patient is a 5-year-old male with a history of short gut syndrome, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependence who presented to the emergency room with a two-day history of productive-cough, rhinorrhea, and fever. Antibiotic therapy was initiated with cefepime and vancomycin for suspected CLABSI. However, within the first twenty-four hours of his admission, his initial blood culture from his central venous catheter became positive for yeast so fluconazole was added due to suspicion of candidemia. During his admission, his initial central line and peripheral blood culture were later speciated as

CONCLUSIONS: This case report further acknowledges …


The Physiological Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet On Cardiovascular Health, Jenevieve Petray Dec 2021

The Physiological Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet On Cardiovascular Health, Jenevieve Petray

Nursing | Senior Theses

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly more prevalent in today’s society and is attributed to an alarming percentage of American hospitalizations and deaths. Americans are unhealthier than ever before, and the main contributor is the Western diet. Diet is a double-edged sword that can offer benefits or detriments to one’s health. CVD encompasses numerous diagnoses originating from various underlying physiological alterations. These alterations are downstream effects of increased body weight and BMI, increased cholesterol levels, decreased insulin sensitivity and increased arterial plaque buildup. Research shows that a plant-based diet has the potential to manage and reverse all fundamental physiological alterations that …


Effects Of Il-10 On Local Cell Populations And Functional Recovery Following Vml Injury, Zain Blackwell Dec 2021

Effects Of Il-10 On Local Cell Populations And Functional Recovery Following Vml Injury, Zain Blackwell

Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are prevalent in both military personnel suffering from battlefield related incidents, and civilians following severe motor accidents. Despite its prevalence, VML has no pro-regenerative clinical treatments in place to recover some of the functional capabilities of the damaged muscle. Free flap grafting, debridement of damaged tissue, and physical therapy are the only clinical standards available that offer little functional recovery benefits, even after years of consistent treatment. In this study, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in conjunction with autologous minced muscle was assessed as a possible treatment for VML injuries and its influences on cellular behavior within …


Genital Chlamydia Infection Is Influenced By The Female Sex Hormones Estrogen And Progesterone In Vivo, Amy Gail Gravitte Dec 2021

Genital Chlamydia Infection Is Influenced By The Female Sex Hormones Estrogen And Progesterone In Vivo, Amy Gail Gravitte

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States and worldwide. It often goes unnoticed due to lack of symptoms and left untreated it can ascend the female genital tract to cause sequelae like pelvic inflammatory disease and irreversible tubal infertility. In reproductive-aged women, female sex hormones estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations fluctuate during the menstrual cycle and are influenced by hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. E2 and P4 influence genital Chlamydia infection in women and mice, but these multifactorial interactions are not entirely mapped out. The complex interplay of E2 and P4 with …


Characterizing And Overcoming Resistance To Aminomethylspectinomycins In Gram-Negative Bacteria, Nisha Das Dec 2021

Characterizing And Overcoming Resistance To Aminomethylspectinomycins In Gram-Negative Bacteria, Nisha Das

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Spectinomycin (SPC) is a broad-spectrum aminocyclitol antibiotic. Its use in agriculture has led to widespread resistance in enteric bacteria, necessitating the development of more effective analogs. Aminomethyl spectinomycins (amSPC) are modified spectinomycins with increased potency against many bacterial species. These species include Legionella pneumophila, which harbors a chromosomally encoded aminoglycoside modifying enzyme (AME). In this study, we follow up on this observation and examine the extent to which the amSPCs are substrates for AMEs through adenylation (ANTs) and phosphorylation (APH). APH(9)-Ia and ANT(3")(9) were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) and purified using the Ni-affinity chromatography. The ability of AMEs to …


Transient Ascaris Suum Larval Migration Induces Intractable Chronic Pulmonary Disease And Anemia In Mice, Yifan Wu, Evan Li, Morgan Knight, Grace Adeniyi-Ipadeola, Li-Zhen Song, Alan R Burns, Ana Clara Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Ricardo Fujiwara, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Jill E Weatherhead Dec 2021

Transient Ascaris Suum Larval Migration Induces Intractable Chronic Pulmonary Disease And Anemia In Mice, Yifan Wu, Evan Li, Morgan Knight, Grace Adeniyi-Ipadeola, Li-Zhen Song, Alan R Burns, Ana Clara Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Ricardo Fujiwara, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Jill E Weatherhead

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Ascariasis is one of the most common infections in the world and associated with significant global morbidity. Ascaris larval migration through the host's lungs is essential for larval development but leads to an exaggerated type-2 host immune response manifesting clinically as acute allergic airway disease. However, whether Ascaris larval migration can subsequently lead to chronic lung diseases remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a single episode of Ascaris larval migration through the host lungs induces a chronic pulmonary syndrome of type-2 inflammatory pathology and emphysema accompanied by pulmonary hemorrhage and chronic anemia in a mouse model. Our results reveal that …


Case Report: Molecular Diagnosis Of Cystoisospora Belli In A Severely Immunocompromised Patient With Hiv And Kaposi Sarcoma, Roumen Borilov Iordanov, Lauren M Leining, Meng Wu, Galant Chan, Andrew R Dinardo, Rojelio Mejia Nov 2021

Case Report: Molecular Diagnosis Of Cystoisospora Belli In A Severely Immunocompromised Patient With Hiv And Kaposi Sarcoma, Roumen Borilov Iordanov, Lauren M Leining, Meng Wu, Galant Chan, Andrew R Dinardo, Rojelio Mejia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Diarrhea in an immunocompromised patient has a broad infectious differential. Diagnosis is difficult despite advances in diagnostic modalities. We report a case of a 45-year-old Nigerian woman who immigrated to the United States 2 years ago. She presented to the hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding, newly diagnosed HIV, and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma. During hospitalization, the patient had an onset of watery diarrhea and high eosinophilia. Subsequent stool analysis using multi-parallel real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 13 parasites was positive for Cystoisospora belli. The patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but had relapsed disease when her antibiotics were stopped prematurely. After restarting …


Case Report: Molecular Diagnosis Of Cystoisospora Belli In A Severely Immunocompromised Patient With Hiv And Kaposi Sarcoma, Roumen Borilov Iordanov, Lauren M Leining, Meng Wu, Galant Chan, Andrew R Dinardo, Rojelio Mejia Nov 2021

Case Report: Molecular Diagnosis Of Cystoisospora Belli In A Severely Immunocompromised Patient With Hiv And Kaposi Sarcoma, Roumen Borilov Iordanov, Lauren M Leining, Meng Wu, Galant Chan, Andrew R Dinardo, Rojelio Mejia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Diarrhea in an immunocompromised patient has a broad infectious differential. Diagnosis is difficult despite advances in diagnostic modalities. We report a case of a 45-year-old Nigerian woman who immigrated to the United States 2 years ago. She presented to the hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding, newly diagnosed HIV, and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma. During hospitalization, the patient had an onset of watery diarrhea and high eosinophilia. Subsequent stool analysis using multi-parallel real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 13 parasites was positive for Cystoisospora belli. The patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but had relapsed disease when her antibiotics were stopped prematurely. After restarting …


Study Of The D-Dimer, C-Reactive Protein, And Autoantibodies Markers Among Hbv Infected Patients In Babylon Province, Iraq, Ahmed Abdul-Abbas Bayram, Hussein O.M. Al-Dahmoshi, Noor S.K. Al-Khafaji, Raheem Tuama Obayes Al Mammori, Ali Husain Shilib Al-Shimmery, Morteza Saki Nov 2021

Study Of The D-Dimer, C-Reactive Protein, And Autoantibodies Markers Among Hbv Infected Patients In Babylon Province, Iraq, Ahmed Abdul-Abbas Bayram, Hussein O.M. Al-Dahmoshi, Noor S.K. Al-Khafaji, Raheem Tuama Obayes Al Mammori, Ali Husain Shilib Al-Shimmery, Morteza Saki

BioMedicine

Background: Hepatitis B can be defined as one of the dangerous diseases caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which infects the liver and causes liver failure, cirrhosis, and death.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and autoantibodies markers among HBV- infected patients in Babylon province, Iraq, compared to a healthy control group.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients referred to GIT and liver centers in Merjan Medical City, Babylon, Iraq from January 2016 to January 2018 were screened for HBV infection by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Antinuclear antibody (ANA), dsDNA, D-dimer, …


Moerv29 Promotes Apoplastic Effector Secretion Contributing To Virulence Of The Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe Oryzae, Bin Qian, Xiaotong Su, Ziyuan Ye, Xinyu Liu, Muxing Liu, Danyu Shen, Han Chen, Haifeng Zhang, Ping Wang, Zhengguang Zhang Nov 2021

Moerv29 Promotes Apoplastic Effector Secretion Contributing To Virulence Of The Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe Oryzae, Bin Qian, Xiaotong Su, Ziyuan Ye, Xinyu Liu, Muxing Liu, Danyu Shen, Han Chen, Haifeng Zhang, Ping Wang, Zhengguang Zhang

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

During plant-pathogenic fungi and host plants interactions, numerous pathogen-derived proteins are secreted resulting in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. For efficient trafficking of secretory proteins, including those important in disease progression, the cytoplasmic coat protein complex II (COPII) exhibits a multifunctional role whose elucidation remains limited. Here, we discovered that the COPII cargo receptor MoErv29 functions as a target of MoHac1, a previously identified transcription factor of the UPR pathway. In Magnaporthe oryzae, deletion of MoERV29 severely affected the vegetative growth, conidiation and biotrophic invasion of the fungus in susceptible rice hosts. We demonstrated that MoErv29 …


A Community-Based Management Of Covid-19 In A Mobile Container Unit, Elena Petrova, Timothy Farinholt, Tejas P Joshi, Hannah Moreno, Mayar Al Mohajer, Shital M Patel, Joseph Petrosino, Sharmila Anandasabapathy Nov 2021

A Community-Based Management Of Covid-19 In A Mobile Container Unit, Elena Petrova, Timothy Farinholt, Tejas P Joshi, Hannah Moreno, Mayar Al Mohajer, Shital M Patel, Joseph Petrosino, Sharmila Anandasabapathy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Vaccine uptake is a multifactor measure of successful immunization outcomes that includes access to healthcare and vaccine hesitancy for both healthcare workers and communities. The present coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for novel strategies to expand vaccine coverage in underserved regions. Mobile clinics hold the promise of ameliorating such inequities, although there is a paucity of studies that validate environmental infection in such facilities. Here, we describe community-based management of COVID-19 through a Smart Pod mobile clinic deployed in an underserved community area in the United States (Aldine, Harris County, TX, USA). In particular, we validate infection …