Digital Commons Network^™

Portable Air Purifiers To Mitigate The Harms Of Wildfire Smoke For People With Asthma, Tianshi David Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Coagulopathy In Severe Covid-19 Patients: Causes, Concerns And Current Treatment Regimen, Tanusree Sengupta, Arun Luiz, Chennakesavan Suganthi, Samarpan Majumder

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen level, mild thrombocytopenia, modest prolongation of prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time, are key indicators of coagulopathy, and have been consistently reported in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced coagulopathy can develop serious venous and arterial thromboembolic complications. Endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability, triggered mostly by overproduction of inflammatory cytokines as an immune response to the infection, are the pivotal factors responsible for the above-mentioned coagulation disorder. Thus, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), which has both anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been reported to improve disease prognosis. However, there have been increasing reports of venous thromboembolic …

Targeting Innate Immunity In Glioma Therapy, Andrew G Gillard, Dong Ho Shin, Lethan A Hampton, Andres Lopez-Rivas, Akhila Parthasarathy, Juan Fueyo, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Currently, there is a lack of effective therapies for the majority of glioblastomas (GBMs), the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. While immunotherapies have shown promise in treating various types of cancers, they have had limited success in improving the overall survival of GBM patients. Therefore, advancing GBM treatment requires a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause resistance to immunotherapy. Further insights into the innate immune response are crucial for developing more potent treatments for brain tumors. Our review provides a brief overview of innate immunity. In addition, we provide a discussion of current therapies …

Chagas Disease Diagnostic Practices At Four Major Hospital Systems In California And Texas, Emily A Kelly, Jose I Echeverri Alegre, Katherine Promer, Jesica Hayon, Roumen Iordanov, Khuzaima Rangwalla, Jerry J Zhang, Zian Fang, Cindy Huang, Cassiana E Bittencourt, Sharon Reed, Rosa M Andrade, Caryn Bern, Eva H Clark, Jeffrey D Whitman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease that affects ∼300 000 people living in the United States. CD leads to cardiac and/or gastrointestinal disease in up to 30% of untreated people. However, end-organ damage can be prevented with early diagnosis and antiparasitic therapy.

METHODS: We reviewed electronic health records of patients who underwent testing for CD at four hospital systems in California and Texas between 2016 and 2020. Descriptive analyses were performed as a needs assessment for improving CD diagnosis.

RESULTS: In total, 470 patients were tested for CD. Cardiac indications made up more than half (60%) of all …

Rare Case Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex Peritonitis In A Patient With Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis, Sacide S. Ozgur, Nida Ansari, Dhruv Patel, Ryan Rahman, Raymond Shih

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections can present as a variety of severe diseases. While it has a predilection for immunocompromised patients such as those with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it can also affect immunocompetent patients as well. One of the rare yet severe diseases that MAC infections can present is MAC peritonitis. Often hard to distinguish from other causes of peritonitis, high clinical suspicion should be maintained for those who are susceptible. Here we present an 85-year-old female with a past medical history of end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis who presented with nausea and vomiting. She was found to …

Naturally Derived Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Modulates Induction Of Oxidative Stress Via Its N-Acetylated Cysteine Conjugated Form In Malignant Melanoma, Sotiris Kyriakou, Nikoletta Demosthenous, Tom Amery, Kyle J. Stewart, Paul G. Winyard, Rodrigo Franco, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a secondary metabolic product yielded upon the hydrolysis of gluconasturtiin and it is highly accumulated in the flowers of watercress. The aim of the current study was to assess the role of a naturally derived PEITC-enriched extract in the induction of oxidative stress and to evaluate its anti-melanoma potency through the regulation of its metabolism with the concurrent production of the N-acetyl cysteine conjugated by-product. For this purpose, an in vitro melanoma model was utilized consisting of human primary (A375) cells as well as metastatic (COLO-679) malignant melanoma cells together with non-tumorigenic immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT). …

D-Mannose Reduces Cellular Senescence And Nlrp3/Gasdermind/Il-1Β-Driven Pyroptotic Uroepithelial Cell Shedding In The Murine Bladder, Chetanchandra S Joshi, Arnold M Salazar, Caihong Wang, Marianne M Ligon, Rayvanth R Chappidi, Bisiayo E Fashemi, Paul A Felder, Amy Mora, Sandra L Grimm, Cristian Coarfa, Indira U Mysorekar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Aging is a risk factor for disease via increased susceptibility to infection, decreased ability to maintain homeostasis, inefficiency in combating stress, and decreased regenerative capacity. Multiple diseases, including urinary tract infection (UTI), are more prevalent with age; however, the mechanisms underlying the impact of aging on the urinary tract mucosa and the correlation between aging and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we show that, relative to young (8-12 weeks) mice, the urothelium of aged (18-24 months) female mice accumulates large lysosomes with reduced acid phosphatase activity and decreased overall autophagic flux in the aged urothelium, indicative of compromised cellular homeostasis. …

An Evolutionary Perspective On Complex Neuropsychiatric Disease, Jon M Mcclellan, Anthony W Zoghbi, Joseph D Buxbaum, Carolina Cappi, James J Crowley, Jonathan Flint, Dorothy E Grice, Suleyman Gulsuner, Conrad Iyegbe, Sanjeev Jain, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Maria Claudia Lattig, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Meera Purushottam, Dan J Stein, Anna B Sunshine, Ezra S Susser, Christopher A Walsh, Olivia Wootton, Mary-Claire King

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The forces of evolution-mutation, selection, migration, and genetic drift-shape the genetic architecture of human traits, including the genetic architecture of complex neuropsychiatric illnesses. Studying these illnesses in populations that are diverse in genetic ancestry, historical demography, and cultural history can reveal how evolutionary forces have guided adaptation over time and place. A fundamental truth of shared human biology is that an allele responsible for a disease in anyone, anywhere, reveals a gene critical to the normal biology underlying that condition in everyone, everywhere. Understanding the genetic causes of neuropsychiatric disease in the widest possible range of human populations thus yields …

Combinatorial Effects Of Ion Channel Mis-Splicing As A Cause Of Myopathy In Myotonic Dystrophy, Larissa Nitschke, Thomas A Cooper

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an unstable expanded CTG repeat located in the 3'-UTR of the DM1 protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The pathogenic mechanism results in misregulated alternative splicing of hundreds of genes, creating the dilemma of establishing which genes contribute to the mechanism of DM1 skeletal muscle pathology. In this issue of the JCI, Cisco and colleagues systematically tested the combinatorial effects of DM1-relevant mis-splicing patterns in vivo and identified the synergistic effects of mis-spliced calcium and chloride channels as a major contributor to DM1 skeletal muscle impairment. The authors further demonstrated …

Seroprevalence Of Hiv Markers Among Patients Attending To Shebin El- Kom Teaching Hospital, Elham T. Awwad, Rasha G Mostafa, Asmaa M Soliman, Abdelghany Aish, Mariam A. Fouad

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objectives: to determine the prevalence of HIV infections and assess the accuracy of various testing methods among patients at Shibin El Kom teaching hospital.

Background: HIV/AIDS is a global public health challenge, with increasing prevalence in developing countries like Egypt. Stigma and limited detection methods have hindered the accurate assessment of HIV cases. Early detection is critical for effective prevention and treatment.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted from May 2006 to December 2022, involving 71,353 individuals who underwent routine preoperative and preadmission investigations. Blood samples were collected and tested using an immunochromatographic rapid test, ELISA, chemiluminescence, and Western blot. …

Elucidating Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Heterogeneity During Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Infection, Blake P. Bertrand, Cortney E. Heim, Scott A. Koepsell, Tammy Kielian

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically activated immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity that expand during chronic inflammation, such as cancer and prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells can be broadly separated into 2 populations based on surface marker expression and function: monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs). Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are the most abundant leukocyte infiltrate during PJI; however, how this population is maintained in vivo and cellular heterogeneity is currently unknown. In this study, we identified a previously unknown population of Ly6G+Ly6C+F4/80+MHCII+ MDSCs during PJI that displayed immunosuppressive properties ex vivo. …

C1q Is Elevated During Chronic Staphylococcus Epidermidis Central Nervous System Catheter Infection, Matthew K. Beaver, Lara Bergdolt, Anna Dunaevsky, Tammy Kielian, Gwenn Skar

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

INTRODUCTION: Significant neurologic morbidity is caused by pediatric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infections. The underlying mechanisms leading to impaired school performance and increased risk of seizures are unknown, however, a better understanding of these mechanisms may allow us to temper their consequences. Recent evidence has demonstrated important roles for complement proteins in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.

METHODS: We examined complement activation throughout

RESULTS: We found that MASP2 predominated early in catheter infection, but that Factor B was elevated at intermediate time points. Unexpectedly C1q was elevated at late timepoints when bacterial burdens were low or undetectable. Based on these findings and …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Gallium(Iii) Compounds: Pathogen-Dependent Targeting Of Multiple Iron/Heme-Dependent Biological Processes, Seoung-Ryoung Choi, Mohammed A. Hassan, Bradley E. Britigan, Prabagaran Narayanasamy

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Metals play vital roles in biological systems, with iron/heme being essential for cellular and metabolic functions necessary for survival and/or virulence in many bacterial pathogens. Given the rise of bacterial resistance to current antibiotics, there is an urgent need for the development of non-toxic and novel antibiotics that do not contribute to resistance to other antibiotics. Gallium, which mimics iron, has emerged as a promising antimicrobial agent, offering a novel approach to combat bacterial infections. Gallium does not have any known functions in biological systems. Gallium exerts its effects primarily by replacing iron in redox enzymes, effectively inhibiting bacterial growth …

Fusion, 2024, George Washington University, William H. Beaumont Medical Research Honor Society

Fusion

No abstract provided.

Prognostic Value Of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (Ngal)For Early Detection Of Acute Kidney Injuries In Liver Disease Patients With Different Morbidities, Naglaa F. Al-Mihy, Atteyat A. Semeya, Dina A. Ibrahim, Marwa K. Hassan, Hani S. Aboalam, Mona Youssef

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 25 kDa is known as neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL). It is often detected in tiny amounts in many human organs. Aim of the research: To identify the profile of circulating NGAL in liver disease patients with different morbidities and also evaluate the potential for NGAL as a prognostic indicator for early identification of AKI in these individuals. Patients & methods: This cross-sectional research was performed on 230 cases with different liver diseases, selected from the inpatient and outpatient clinics in the hepatology and gastroenterology departments of the multicentric They were divided into …

Disease Footprints: Understanding Basic Pathophysiology, Jeff Vasiloff, Md, Mph

OHIO Open Faculty Textbooks

Basic pathophysiology explained by Jeffrey Vasiloff, MD, MPH, Associate Clinical Professor, PA Program; Adjunct Professor, PT Program, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University Dublin Medical Campus; Physician Consultant: Ohio Association of Physician Assistants; Physician Volunteer: Franklin County & Columbus Medical Reserve Corps; Board Certification: Internal Medicine & Diabetes and Endocrinology.

Unified Resource Browser: An Interactive And Reconfigurable Web Framework For Biomedical Metadata Exploration, Visualization, And Management, Shiwei Lin, Ling Tong, Kimberly A Smith, Lydia Ng, Tyler Mollenkopf, Yan Huang, Rashmie Abeysinghe, Wei-Chun Chou, Antarr T Byrd, Licong Cui, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Xiaojin Li, Shiqiang Tao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We present Unified Resource Browser, a web-based framework designed to optimize the configuration, exploration, visualization, and dissemination of complex biomedical metadata. As a core component of Neuroanatomy-Anchored Information Management Platform (NIMP), Unified Resource Browser enables researchers to efficiently access donor information, brain tissue samples, and sequencing data through structured resource tables and advanced search and filtering capabilities. The platform allows users to customize data views, share configurations via direct links, and seamlessly export data for further analysis. Integrated visualization tools offer immediate insights through customizable charts, enhancing data interpretation. By improving the accessibility and usability of biomedical data resources, Unified …

The Crucial Role Of Community Medicine In Improving Public Health, Malik Maaz Ahmad, Imran Ahmed Khan, Neha Priyanka

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Community medicine, also known as Social and Preventive Medicine, is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on promoting and protecting the health and well-being of communities and populations. Unlike other medical specialties that primarily focus on individual patients, community medicine takes a broader approach, addressing the health needs of entire populations. The specialty of community medicine plays a vital role in clinical practice and public health. Its focus on prevention, population health, and evidence-based medicine makes it an essential discipline in improving the health and well-being of communities. Community-based medical education is of vital relevance in the modern change …

Guideline For Sbhc Provider Education To Start The Hpv Vaccine At Nine Years Old, Jasmine K. Serrano

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

It is estimated that 80% of people worldwide, regardless of gender, will contract human papillomavirus (HPV) at some point in their lives. The HPV vaccine series prevents high-risk strains that are known to cause cancer and genital warts (Osaghae et al., 2022). School-based health clinics (SBHC) can increase access to and completion of the HPV vaccine series, which remains low throughout the United States (Javaid et al., 2017; Rane et al., 2021; Shah et al., 2020). This guideline was created to increase SBH provider education to start the HPV vaccine at nine years old. The project lead conducted a systematic …

The Role Of Altered Cell-Cell Communication Between Glia And Neurons In Alzheimer’S Disease, Tabea Marga Soelter

All ETDs from UAB

Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, affecting behavior, speech, and motor abilities. The neuropathology includes the formation of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of phosphorylated tau. Additionally, neurons become functionally impaired before degenerating and dying. While neuronal loss is a disease hallmark, glia maintain neuronal health and homeostasis through cell-cell communication with neurons. Cellular crosstalk is mediated through the release of chemical intermediates (i.e., ligands), which are taken up by cell surface membrane receptors. Previous studies have shown dysregulation of global cell-cell communication patterns and communication …

Optimizing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention And Education: In Adult Icu Settings, Danielle Gonzalez

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in adult intensive care patient units (ICU) is one of the most common and deadly nosocomial infections today. Studies have identified a gap in intensive care nurse ventilator education and compliance with hospital protocols. Overall increasing the rates of VAP and morbidity. Hospitals worldwide have shown a decrease in VAP rates after inheriting "VAP-bundles''. This includes nurse specific interventions and assessments as a preventative measure. However, studies failed to demonstrate which bundle interventions directly correspond to the prevention of VAP. Purpose: Address all components of education, a nurse’s ability to properly identify and understand the …

การศึกษาอุบัติการณ์ และปัจจัยเสี่ยงที่เกี่ยวข้องต่อการติดเชื้อราแบบรุกรานในผู้ป่วยมะเร็ง เม็ดเลือดขาวเฉียบพลันชนิดมัยอิลอยด์ ระหว่างได้รับยาโพซาโคนาโซลใน โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์, ณัฐภัทร นิตินัย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ที่มาของปัญหางานวิจัย: การติดเชื้อราเชิงรุกราน (Invasive Fungal Infection: IFI) เป็นภาวะแทรกซ้อนที่สำคัญในผู้ป่วยโรคมะเร็งเม็ดเลือดขาวชนิดเฉียบพลันชนิดมัยอิลอยด์ (Acute Myeloid Leukemia: AML) ที่ได้รับเคมีบำบัดระยะเข้มข้น โดยมีอุบัติการณ์ของการติดเชื้อสูงถึงร้อยละ 10 และมีอัตราการเสียชีวิตสูง เชื้อที่พบได้บ่อยคือกลุ่มเชื้อราสาย โดยเฉพาะ Aspergillus spp. ปัจจุบัน ยา posaconazole ถือเป็นยาป้องกันเชื้อรามาตรฐาน เนื่องจากมีคุณสมบัติเหมาะสมทั้งด้านเภสัชจลนศาสตร์และประสิทธิภาพครอบคลุมเชื้อรา อย่างไรก็ตาม การติดเชื้อราเชิงรุกรานที่เกิดขึ้นระหว่างได้รับยาป้องกัน (Breakthrough IFI: bIFI) ยังคงพบได้ และอาจสัมพันธ์กับอัตราการเสียชีวิตที่สูงถึงร้อยละ 41 การศึกษาก่อนหน้านี้ที่โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์รายงานอุบัติการณ์ของ bIFI อยู่ที่ร้อยละ 6 แต่ยังไม่สามารถระบุปัจจัยเสี่ยงที่แน่ชัดได้ การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความชุก ลักษณะทางคลินิก และปัจจัยเสี่ยงของ bIFI ในผู้ป่วย AML ที่ได้รับยา posaconazole เพื่อป้องกันการติดเชื้อราสายขณะได้ยาเคมีบำบัด ณ โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ เพื่อพัฒนายุทธศาสตร์ในการป้องกันและดูแลรักษาที่มีประสิทธิภาพมากยิ่งขึ้นระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: ผู้วิจัยได้ทำการศึกษาแบบย้อนหลัง (Retrospective Cohort Study) โดยรวบรวมข้อมูลจากเวชระเบียนอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ของผู้ป่วยโรคมะเร็งเม็ดเลือดขาวชนิดเฉียบพลันชนิดมัยอิลอยด์ที่ได้รับยา posaconazole เพื่อป้องกันการติดเชื้อราในระหว่างได้เคมีบำบัดระยะเข้มข้นระหว่างปี พ.ศ. 2561 ถึง 2566 โดยมีเกณฑ์การคัดเลือกคือผู้ป่วยอายุตั้งแต่ 18 ปีขึ้นไปที่ได้รับ posaconazole เป็นการป้องกันเชื้อราอย่างต่อเนื่องมากกว่า 7 วัน และมีข้อมูลระดับยาใน 7 วันแรกหลังเริ่มยา โดยตัดผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับยาน้อยกว่า 7 วันหรือไม่มีข้อมูลระดับยาออกจากการศึกษาผลการศีกษา: จากผู้ป่วยที่เข้าร่วมวิจัยทั้งหมด 243 ราย มีผู้ที่เข้าเกณฑ์การศึกษา 236 ราย พบว่ามีการเกิด bIFI จำนวน 19 ราย (ร้อยละ 8.0) โดยข้อมูลพื้นฐานของผู้ป่วยได้การศึกษานี้ ร้อยละ 49.5 เป็นเพศชาย อายุมัธยฐาน 50 ปี และผู้ป่วยส่วนใหญ่ (ร้อยละ 83.4) เป็นผู้ป่วยโรคมะเร็งเม็ดเลือดขาวชนิดเฉียบพลันชนิดมัยอิลอยด์ที่ได้รับเคมีบำบัดระยะเข้มข้น (ร้อยละ 78.2) โดยมีระดับยา …

การศึกษาปัจจัยเสี่ยงและตัวแบบทำนายของการติดเชื้อในกระแสโลหิตของเคลบเซลลานิวโมเนียอีที่ดื้อต่อยากลุ่มคาร์บาพีเนมในโรงพยาบาลตติยภูมิระดับสูงประเทศไทย, กันตภพ ปัทมสิริกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

บทนำ: การดื้อยาต้านจุลชีพเป็นภัยคุกคามต่อสุขภาพระดับโลก โดยองค์การอนามัยโลกได้จัดให้เชื้อ เอนเทอโรแบคเทราเลสที่ดื้อต่อคาร์บาพีเนม (Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: CRE) เป็นเชื้อก่อโรคที่มีความสำคัญสูงสุด ในประเทศไทยอัตราการดื้อยาของ CRE มีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่อง โดยเฉพาะการติดเชื้อในกระแสโลหิตของเคลบเซลลานิวโมเนียอี (Klebsiella pneumoniae) ซึ่งพบมากกว่าสามในสี่ของผู้ป่วย CRE ทั้งหมด และมีอัตราการเสียชีวิตสูง การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาแบบจำลองการพยากรณ์ความเสี่ยงของการติดเชื้อในกระแสโลหิตจากของเคลบเซลลานิวโมเนียอีที่ดื้อต่อยากลุ่มคาร์บาพีเนม (carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae) เพื่อช่วยในการวินิจฉัยและให้ยาต้านจุลชีพได้อย่างเหมาะสมวิธีการศึกษา: การศึกษาย้อนหลัง ณ โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ ระหว่างเดือนพฤศจิกายน 2565 ถึงธันวาคม 2567 โดยมุ่งเน้นการระบุปัจจัยเสี่ยงและพัฒนาตัวแบบการทำนายสำหรับการติดเชื้อในกระแสโลหิตจาก carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ในผู้ป่วยผู้ใหญ่อายุมากกว่า 18 ปีผลการศึกษา: เพศหญิงมีความเสี่ยงต่อการดื้อยาน้อยกว่าเพศชาย (OR: 0.23, p = 0.031) ในขณะที่การติดเชื้อทะลุการได้รับยาในกลุ่มคาร์บาพีเนม (carbapenem) (OR: 617.36, p<0.001) และประวัติการติด เชื้อหรือมีการตั้งถิ่นฐานของเชื้อ carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ในช่วง 90 วันก่อน (OR: 63.55, p < 0.001) เป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยงที่ส าคัญที่สุด การติดเชื้อทะลุการได้รับยาในกลุ่มเบต้า-แลคแทมเมส อินฮิบิ เตอร์(β-lactam + β-lactamase inhibitors) (OR: 84.27, p = 0.004) และการมีประวัติการใช้ยาเซฟา โลสปอรินรุ่นที่ 3 หรือ 4 (3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins) (OR: 5.08, p = 0.038) ก็มีความเสี่ยงที่ เพิ่มขึ้นเช่นกัน ตัวแบบการท านายนี้มีพื้นที่ใต้ Receiver operating characteristic curve เท่ากับ 0.9441 (95% CI: 0.91–0.98) สรุป: ประวัติการติดเชื้อหรือมีการตั้งถิ่นฐานของเชื้อ carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ในช่วง 90 วันก่อนการติดเชื้อ เป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยงสำคัญของการดื้อยาในกลุ่ม carbapenems ตัวแบบการทำนายที่พัฒนาขึ้นนี้สามารถช่วยให้แพทย์ใช้ยาต้านจุลชีพต่อเชื้อ carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ได้อย่างเหมาะสมยิ่งขึ้น

A Retrospective Descriptive Study Of Unit Costs Associated With Mechanical Ventilator Use In General Medical Wards, Sunarida Munketwit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background and Purpose: Due to shortages of intensive care unit (ICU) beds, mechanical ventilators are increasingly used in general medical wards, potentially raising hospitalization costs. This study evaluates the daily ventilator cost (unit costs) in general medical wards.Methods: Patients on mechanical ventilator admitted to the general medical ward at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand (January 2020-December 2024) were included, excluding home ventilators users. Data from electronic medical records included baseline characteristics (age, gender and physical status), comorbidities, principle diagnosis, parameters of severity scores, hospital costs, length of stays, mortality, re-intubation, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and tracheostomy.Results: A total of 1,097 patients …

Effect Of Vancomycin Loading Dose On Auc0-24 Target Attainment In Pediatric Sepsis Patients, Kritsaporn Sujjavorakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in hospitalized children, with a significant proportion of deaths occurring within the first 24-48 hours post-diagnosis. Early management, including appropriate antibiotic administration, is crucial. Vancomycin, often used for multidrug-resistant pathogens, presents dosing challenges due to altered pharmacokinetics in sepsis.Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of first-order pharmacokinetic equations for calculating the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of vancomycin in pediatric sepsis patients and to assess the efficacy of a loading dose strategy in achieving target AUC0-24.Methods: The study was conducted in two sections:1. Evaluation of First-Order Pharmacokinetics Analytic Equations: …

Optimizing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention And Education: In Adult Icu Settings, Danielle Gonzalez

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in adult intensive care patient units (ICU) is one of the most common and deadly nosocomial infections today. Studies have identified a gap in intensive care nurse ventilator education and compliance with hospital protocols. Overall increasing the rates of VAP and morbidity. Hospitals worldwide have shown a decrease in VAP rates after inheriting "VAP-bundles''. This includes nurse specific interventions and assessments as a preventative measure. However, studies failed to demonstrate which bundle interventions directly correspond to the prevention of VAP. Purpose: Address all components of education, a nurse’s ability to properly identify and understand the …

Enhancing Safety Surveillance During Clinical Trials: The Development Of A Safety Data Review Handbook To Support Pharmacovigilance Clinicians, Lauren Wilson

DNP Scholarly Projects

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pharmacovigilance (PV) Sciences include activities related to safety surveillance of pharmaceutical products, and is critical for developing safe and effective medications, vaccines and medical devices. Safety monitoring starts with preclinical research and continues through clinical trial and post marketing phases. PV scientists ensure patient safety during clinical trials through regular review and analysis of safety data. Regulations have become increasingly complex, leading to inadequately defined methods for reviewing large clinical trial safety datasets. Inconsistent safety data review (SDR) practices can result in delayed detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or safety signals.

METHODS: This quality improvement project used …

Hpv Vaccination In Africa In The Covid-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Healthcare Providers' Knowledge, Training, And Recommendation Practices, Joel Fokom Domgue, Issimouha Dille, Sharon Kapambwe, Robert Yu, Freddy Gnangnon, Lameck Chinula, Gad Murenzi, Nomonde Mbatani, Mala Pande, Fatoumata Sidibe, Joseph Kamgno, Bangaly Traore, Hicham El Fazazi, Mamadou Diop, Pierre-Marie Tebeu, Mohenou Isidore Diomande, Fabrice Lecuru, Isaac Adewole, Marie Plante, Partha Basu, Jean-Marie Dangou, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Although the burden of cervical cancer in Africa is highest, HPV vaccination coverage remains alarmingly low in this region. Providers' knowledge and recommendation are key drivers of HPV vaccination uptake. Yet, evidence about providers' knowledge and recommendation practices about the HPV vaccine against a backdrop of emerging vaccine hesitancy fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking in Africa.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 among healthcare providers involved in cervical cancer prevention activities in Africa. They were invited to report prior training, the availability of the HPV vaccine in their practice, whether they recommended the HPV vaccine, …

Phospholipid Metabolic Adaptation Promotes Survival Of Idh2 Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells, Tatsuya Morishima, Koichi Takahashi, Desmond Wai Loon Chin, Yuxin Wang, Kenji Tokunaga, Yuichiro Arima, Masao Matsuoka, Toshio Suda, Hitoshi Takizawa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Genetic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene that result in a pathological enzymatic activity to produce oncometabolite have been detected in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. While specific inhibitors that target mutant IDH enzymes and normalize intracellular oncometabolite level have been developed, refractoriness and resistance has been reported. Since acquisition of pathological enzymatic activity is accompanied by the abrogation of the crucial WT IDH enzymatic activity in IDH mutant cells, aberrant metabolism in IDH mutant cells can potentially persist even after the normalization of intracellular oncometabolite level. Comparisons of isogenic AML cell lines with and without IDH2 gene mutations …

The Immunobiology Of Myelodysplastic Neoplasms: A Mini-Review, Shruthi Kannan, Rolando A Vedia, Jeffrey J Molldrem

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This mini review summarizes the immunobiology of myelodysplastic syndromes, specifically focusing on the interactions between immune cells, cytokines, and dysplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment in the bone marrow. We elucidate in detail how immune dysregulation and evasion influence the initiation and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as resistance to therapy and progression to AML. In addition, we highlight a range of therapeutic strategies, including the most recent breakthroughs and experimental therapies for treating MDS. Finally, we address the existing knowledge gaps in the understanding of the immunobiology of MDS and propose future research directions, promising advancements toward enhancing …