Digital Commons Network^™

Atg16l1 Controls Mammalian Vacuolar Proton Atpase, Thabata L A Duque, Masroor Paddar, Einar Trosdal, Ruheena Javed, Lee Allers, Michal H Mudd, Prithvi Akepati, Soumya R Mishra, Michelle Salemi, Brett Phinney, Shawn B Bratton, Thomas Wileman, Vojo Deretic

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The mechanisms governing mammalian proton pump V-ATPase function are of fundamental and medical interest. The assembly and disassembly of cytoplasmic V1 domain with the membrane-embedded V0 domain of V-ATPase is a key aspect of V-ATPase localization and function. Here, we show that the mammalian protein ATG16L1, primarily appreciated for its role in canonical autophagy and in noncanonical membrane atg8ylation processes, controls V-ATPase. ATG16L1 knockout elevated V-ATPase activity, increased V1 presence on endomembranes, and increased the number of acidified intracellular compartments. ATG16L1's ability to efficiently bind V-ATPase was required for its inhibitory role in endolysosomal acidification and for control of Mycobacterium …

Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current And Emerging Treatment Options, Paul K Paik, Jianjun Zhang, Howard Jack West, Jonathan W Riess

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although the pharmacologic management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has advanced substantially in the past 2 decades, disparities in the applicability to different histologic subtypes remain. Several treatment options are not suitable for squamous NSCLC, with use restricted to nonsquamous NSCLC (eg, bevacizumab and pemetrexed) because of safety concerns or comparative activity. Differences in mutational landscapes and a lack of matched targeted therapies specific to squamous NSCLC oncogenic aberrations present additional limitations. In the absence of suitable targeted therapies, immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy is the mainstay of squamous NSCLC treatment; however, survival-related outcomes remain poorer for patients with …

Inflammation And Mutational Burden Differentially Associated With Nivolumab Or Ipilimumab Combination Efficacy In Colorectal Cancer, Ming Lei, Michael J Overman, Jin Yao, Thierry André, Sara Lonardi, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Massimo Aglietta, Fabio Gelsomino, Ray Mcdermott, Ka Yeung Mark Wong, Michael A Morse, Eric Van Cutsem, Alain Hendlisz, Dana B Cardin, Bart Neyns, Andrew Hill, Anuradha Krishnamurthy, Franklin Chen, Samith Kochuparambil, Robert R Jenq, Sandzhar Abdullaev, Beilei He, Ruslan Novosiadly, Scott Kopetz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nivolumab alone and in combination with ipilimumab demonstrated durable clinical benefit in patients with previously treated microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer in the phase 2 CheckMate 142 study. Here, we report exploratory biomarker analyses from CheckMate 142 evaluating associations between various tissue biomarkers and the efficacy of nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination in these patients. Higher expression of inflammation-related gene expression signatures is associated with improved response per investigator assessment and survival benefit with nivolumab monotherapy. In contrast, higher tumor mutational burden, tumor indel burden, and degrees of microsatellite instability are associated with improved response per investigator …

Assessing A Community Health Worker-Facilitated, Digitally Delivered, Family-Centered Diabetes Management Program: Single-Arm Quasi-Experimental Study, Zenong Yin, Vanessa L Errisuriz, Heather Cuevas, Bertha E Flores, Laura Delfausse, Christina Galvan, Jing Wang, Chengdong Li, Renata Morfin, Shiyu Li, Maysa Sapargeldiyeva, Giliane Yza Muyna, Minyu Zhang, Vanessa Sweet, Deborah Parra-Medina

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated complications disproportionately affect low-income Latino populations, who also experience disparities in diabetes self-management (DSM), including poor medication adherence, physical activity, diet, and glycemic control.

Objective: This study examined, through an academic-community partnership, the effectiveness of ¡Salud, Salud! (an evidence-based, family-centered diabetes self-management education and support [DSMES] program) on primary (glycemic control and quality of life) and secondary (social, psychological, and behavioral factors related to T2D management) outcomes among low-income Latino adults with T2D or prediabetes.

Methods: In total, 81 adults (mean age 48.90 years, SD 12.57; n=57, 70.4%, female; …

Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Conserved Proteins And Altered Regulation Of Mucin-16 In Low Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers, Christopher M Tarney, Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia, Jonathan D Ogata, Julie Oliver, Tamara Abulez, Philip A Branton, Saeid Movahedi-Lankarani, Brian L Hood, Kelly A Conrads, Kendal Rosalik, Kwong-Kwok Wong, David M Gershenson, Sanghoon Lee, Anil K Sood, Robert C Bast, Kathleen M Darcy, Neil T Phippen, G Larry Maxwell, Thomas P Conrads, Nicholas W Bateman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a rare and largely chemoresistant subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. Unlike treatment for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), management options for LGSOC patients are limited, in part, due to a lack of deep molecular characterization of this disease. To address this limitation, we aimed to define highly conserved proteome alterations in LGSOC by performing deep quantitative proteomic analysis of tumors collected from LGSOC and HGSOC patients or normal fallopian tube tissues and validating proteins within two independent proteomic datasets of LGSOC and HGSOC tumors.

METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded LGSOC (n = 12), HGSOC (n …

Atg Conjugation-Dependent/Independent Mechanisms Underlie Lysosomal Stress-Induced Tfeb Regulation, Shiori Akayama, Takayuki Shima, Tatsuya Kaminishi, Mengying Cui, Jlenia Monfregola, Kohei Nishino, Andrea Ballabio, Hidetaka Kosako, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Shuhei Nakamura

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

TFEB, a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, is activated by several cellular stresses including lysosomal damage, but its underlying mechanism is unclear. TFEB activation during lysosomal damage depends on the ATG conjugation system, which mediates lipidation of ATG8 proteins. Here, we newly identify ATG conjugation-independent TFEB regulation that precedes ATG conjugation-dependent regulation, designated Modes I and II, respectively. We reveal unique regulators of TFEB in each mode: APEX1 in Mode I and CCT7 and/or TRIP6 in Mode II. APEX1 interacts with TFEB independently of the ATG conjugation system, and is required for TFEB stability, while both CCT7 and …

A Supplement, Not A Substitute: Accuracy And Completeness Of Chatgpt Responses For Common Elbow Pathology, Benjamin Fiedler, Umar Ghilzai, Abdullah Ghali, Phillip Goldman, Pablo Coello, Michael B Gottschalk, Eric R Wagner, Adil Shahzad Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hypothesis: Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have increasingly been used as online resources for patients with orthopedic conditions. Yet there is a paucity of information assessing the ability of LLMs to accurately and completely answer patient questions. The present study comparatively assessed both ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4 responses to frequently asked questions on common elbow pathologies, scoring for accuracy and completeness. It was hypothesized that ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4 would demonstrate high levels of accuracy for the specific query asked, but some responses would lack completeness, and GPT-4 would yield more accurate and complete responses than ChatGPT 3.5.

Methods: …

Improved Allele Frequencies In Gnomad Through Local Ancestry Inference, Pragati Kore, Michael W Wilson, Grace Tiao, Katherine Chao, Philip W Darnowsky, Nicholas A Watts, Jessica Honorato Mauer, Samantha M Baxter, Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, Heidi L Rehm, Mark J Daly, Konrad J Karczewski, Elizabeth G Atkinson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) is a foundational resource for allele frequency data, widely used in genomic research and clinical interpretation. However, traditional estimates rely on individual-level genetic ancestry groupings that may obscure variation in recently admixed populations. To improve resolution, we applied local ancestry inference (LAI) to over 27 million variants in two admixed groups: Admixed American (n = 7612) and African/African American (n = 20,250), deriving ancestry-specific allele frequencies. We show that 78.5% and 85.1% of variants in these groups, respectively, exhibit at least a twofold difference in ancestry-specific frequencies. Moreover, 81.49% of variants with LAI information would …

Strain-Specific Variability In Viral Kinetics, Cytokine Response, And Cellular Damage In Air-Liquid Cultures Of Human Nasal Organoids After Infection With Sars-Cov-2, Gina M Aloisio, Trevor J Mcbride, Letisha Aideyan, Emily M Schultz, Ashley M Murray, Anubama Rajan, Erin G Nicholson, David Henke, Laura Ferlic-Stark, Amal Kambal, Hannah L Johnson, Elina A Mosa, Fabio Stossi, Sarah E Blutt, Pedro A Piedra, Vasanthi Avadhanula

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

SARS-CoV-2 variants have demonstrated distinct epidemiological patterns and clinical presentations throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding variant-specific differences at the respiratory epithelium is crucial for understanding their pathogenesis. Here, we utilized human nasal organoid air-liquid interface (HNO-ALI) cell cultures to compare the viral replication kinetics, innate immune response, and epithelial damage of six different strains of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.2, WA, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron). All variants replicated efficiently in HNO-ALIs, but with distinct replication kinetic patterns. The Delta variant exhibited delayed replication kinetics, achieving a steady state at 6 days post-infection compared to 3 days for other variants. Cytokine analysis revealed …

New Avenues In Childhood Vasculitis, Hulya Ercan Emreol, Cagri Yildirim-Toruner, Marija Jelusic, Marinka Twilt, Seza Ozen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Childhood vasculitis encompasses a group of rare and heterogeneous diseases with systemic inflammation affecting various vessel sizes. This comprehensive review highlights recent advances in the pathogenesis, biomarkers, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for major pediatric vasculitides including IgA vasculitis, Kawasaki Disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, Takayasu arteritis, and Polyarteritis Nodosa. Novel insights from genetic, immunologic, and imaging studies have paved the way for early diagnosis and individualized therapeutic approaches. Future directions emphasize the role of artificial intelligence, precision medicine, and international collaborative trials to optimize long-term outcomes and quality of life in affected children.

Practicing With Intent: How To Teach An Old Dogma New Tricks, Matthew C Phillips, Kusha Davar, Sarah Freling, Steven Y C Tong, Todd C Lee, Emily G Mcdonald, Travis B Nielsen, Noah Wald-Dickler, Alfredo J Mena Lora, Rachael A Lee, Fergus Hamilton, Daniel M Musher, Rodrigo P L Costa, Bassam Ghanem, Rachel Baden, Brad Spellberg

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Clinicians are constantly bombarded with an onslaught of newly published data, yet they must make clinical decisions despite a dearth of clinical data. Sometimes, they may fall back on clinical practices entrenched by experience, unaware that they are upheld by dogmatic tradition rather than robust evidence. Ideally, the totality of evidence must be assessed and utilized for clinical decision-making, irrespective of entrenched orthodoxy. Here, we explore the questions, how much evidence is needed to revise established clinical practices and, more fundamentally, can data alone truly catalyze such shifts.

Causal Ai-Based Clinical And Radiomic Analysis For Optimizing Patient Selection In Combined Immunotherapy And Sabr In Early-Stage Nsclc: A Secondary Analysis Of The Phase Ii I-Sabr Trial, Maliazurina B Saad, Eman Showkatian, Vivek Verma, Qasem Al-Tashi, Muhammad Aminu, Xinyan Xu, Muhamed Qayati Mohamed, Morteza Salehjahromi, Sheeba J Sujit, Yuliya Kitsel, Steven H Lin, Zhongxing Liao, Saumil Gandhi, David Qian, David Jaffray, Caroline Chung, Natalie I Vokes, Jianjun Zhang, J Jack Lee, John V Heymach, Jia Wu, Joe Y Chang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The recent phase II randomized stereotactic ablative radiotherapy with and without immunotherapy (I-SABR) trial has shown improved event-free survival (EFS) when adding immunotherapy to stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for early-stage inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, optimizing patient selection thereof is critical, because not every patient benefits from immunotherapy. Leveraging the powerful use of artificial intelligence, this secondary analysis of the I-SABR trial developed a modeling system (named "I-SABR-SELECT") based on clinical and radiomic factors to address which patients should receive additional immunotherapy.

Methods: The discovery/validation cohorts were from the I-SABR trial, with external validation from the single-arm …

Bridging The Gap: Awareness Of Healthy Menstrual Practices Among Married And Single Women In Baghdad Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ban Yousif Yaaqoob

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Menstruation is a natural biological process that significantly impacts women’s physical and emotional well-being. Despite its universality, misconceptions and unhealthy practices surrounding menstruation persist, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of married and single women regarding healthy menstrual habits in Baghdad, Iraq.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 20, 2022, to February 25, 2023, involving 100 women divided into two groups: 50 single females from the College of Health and Medical Techniques and 50 married employees from Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Data were collected through structured interviews and …

Enhancing Automated Lung Disease Detection From Chest Radiography: An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach With Integrated Preprocessing And Ensemble Modeling, Ahmed Mohammed Abdulkarem, Jamal Kamil K. Abbas, Qamar Ali Abdulridha

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

In this study, we tackled the problem of early pulmonary disease detection in chest radiography by developing and evaluating a sophisticated deep learning framework. Our goal was to improve diagnostic precision for conditions like cancer and pneumonia. To do this, we combined insights from current literature with a rigorous experimental protocol using a 5,000-image sample from the well-known NIH Chest X-ray dataset. A core component of our work was the implementation of a multi-stage preprocessing pipeline, featuring both lung segmentation and targeted contrast enhancement, designed to focus the model’s attention on relevant clinical features.

We assessed our models, which were …

Assessment Of Some Cardiac Markers (Ck-Mb, Myoglobin And Troponin) In Iraqi Type-2 Diabetic Patients With Metabolic Syndrome, Hayder Bassim Najeb

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Cardiovascular diseases in the context of diabetes represent a main cause of morbidity and mortality with a two to three times higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in T2DM patients than in people without the condition (normoglycemia). The current study aimed to assess some Cardiac markers (CK-MB, myoglobin and troponin) in Iraqi type two diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. The study was carried out on (60) patients with type-2 Diabetes mellitus who were divided into 2 groups: (30) subjects having metabolic syndromes and (30) subjects without metabolic syndromes. Venous blood samples were taken from patients who visited the Medical City Hospital-Baghdad …

The Impact Of Refractive Errors Instability On The Life Quality Of The Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Farah Fareed Tarik, Rasha Taha Yassen

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

The present work aims to study the refractive error instability effects on life quality among type 2 diabetic patients and to understand the issues in people with refractive error. The cross-sectional study was conducted among patients of Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital and Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital from 1/11/2023 to 1/3/2024. A slit lamp, E chart, lensometer, OCT, trial case, and some tests were performed. One copy of the questionnaire was completed for each subject out of 100 diabetic patients. The present study included (48%) male and (52%) female who were diagnosed as type II diabetic patients. The results show that (89%) of …

Cecum Lymphoma After Renal Transplant (Case Report), Ahmed Saeed Hamad

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Renal transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage renal disease, but it raises a risk for lymphoma.

Case Presentation: A 52-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and abdominal distention 13 years after being transplanted. Imaging and histopathological examination revealed intestinal lymphoma.

Discussion: This case, because the patient was schronically cytologically immunosuppressed and simply presented with non-specific signs and symptoms with respect to the abdomen, serves to emphasize the importance of recognizing malignancies in immunocompromised patients.

Conclusion: The case was employed by the authors to primarily emphasize the requirement for early diagnosis and proper handling of intestinal …

Assessment Study Of The Amblyopia And Its Treatment By Physical Exercises In Baghdad Hospital, Wasen Abbas Jawad, Zina Tariq Ali, Ruaa Saad Abdualhussin

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

The study aimed to assess the effects of physical exercises on patients with amblyopia with age ranges from 2 to 45 years old. This is study involves forty (40) patients, nineteen(19) males and twenty one (21) females with age ranges from (2_45) years old. All patients in our study diagnosed by visual acuity (VA) test for both right and left eyes (without glasses and with glasses), then the patients submitted to study questionnaire (Date of amblyopia diagnosis), is there any previous treatment? What type of exercises (Patching, ocular motility and others) they have? The patients examined by Visual acuity (VA), …

The Impact Of Storage Duration And Elevated Temperature On The Biological And Chemical Characteristics Of Whole Milk Powder, Hussein Ali Shaghati, Rawia Mahmood Yousif, Asmaa Ali Awad

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

A total of 45 Whole milk powder(WMP) samples from the same brand and batch were collected and tested pre and post-storage under closed conditions at 45–50 °C. during 60, 90, 120, and 150-day intervals. For the chemical indicators of the WMP, there were no significant differences in the content of fat during the different storage intervals, as the fat value was 30.00–29.99%, while the protein percent was 23.23% and did not change significantly during the storage at 60, 90, 120, and 150 days respectively. On the other hand, significant differences occurred in the moisture content, where the moisture value ranged …

The Impact Of Smoking On The Health And Academic Level Of Male High School Students In Anbar, Esraa Abd Al-Karim Marouf

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of smoking of all kinds on middle and high school students. Furthermore, smoking has recently become normal lifestyle for many university and school students (especially in the preparatory and secondary stages). Where smoking included tobacco cigarettes, e-hookah and hookahs of various types and flavors. As is well known, smoking has many negative effects on health, physical, psychological, cognitive, social and economic aspects. According to the World Health Organization, the use of tobacco leads to catastrophic effects on public health and it’s a direct cause of death for more than 7 million people …

Nanoseal-X: A Theoretical Design For A Phase-Aligned Multifunctional Wound Dressing Based On Chitosan–Ha–Nanoparticle Composite, Mohammed Mahdi Salman Ghadban

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Chronic wounds pose major clinical and economic challenges, especially in patients with comorbidities or impaired healing responses. This study presents NanoSeal-X™, a bioinspired multifunctional wound dressing engineered to address distinct biological demands at each phase of healing. The theoretical construct integrates a dual-layer matrix: a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel embedded with silver nanoparticles, amoxicillin, and lidocaine, supported by a chitosan-based scaffold. Each component is strategically selected to provide hemostasis, infection control, tissue regeneration, and pain relief. This work presents a theoretical design framework to guide the development of multifunctional wound dressings. NanoSeal-X™ integrates pharmacological and bioactive components aligned with distinct healing …

Therapeutic Potential Of Sh-Hp (His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys) In Helicobacter Pylori Infection And Acute Gastric Intoxication, Mohammed Mahdi Salman Ghadban

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent gastric pathogen (colonizing ∼50% of people worldwide) that causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, MALT lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Rising antibiotic resistance (e.g. >15% clarithromycin resistance) has compromised standard eradication regimens, necessitating novel therapies. SH-HP (His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys) is a synthetic hexapeptide analogue of the endogenous hormone ghrelin/GHRP-6, originally developed as a growth hormone secretagogue. Preclinical studies reveal that SH-HP/GHRP-6 has potent gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects: it prevents stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions and mitigates multiorgan damage in ischemia/reperfusion models. Given that ghrelin receptor signaling plays a key role in gut mucosal defense (via nitric oxide and …

Shohani Hormonal Guard (Shg): A Multifunctional Nutraceutical Approach To Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Through Metabolic, Hormonal, And Anti-Inflammatory Pathways, Mohammed Mahdi Salman Ghadban

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by ovarian dysfunction, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism, often accompanied by an overactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. “Shohani Hormonal Guard” (SHG) is a nutraceutical formulation designed to target PCOS pathophysiology via multiple ingredients. We present a comprehensive review of SHG’s components – including inositols, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), berberine, ashwagandha, omega-3 fatty acids, and micronutrients (zinc, magnesium, vitamin B6, vitamin D3/K2, resveratrol, chromium, probiotics, etc.) – and their mechanistic roles and clinical benefits in PCOS. The literature demonstrates that SHG’s ingredients improve insulin sensitivity, modulate cortisol and …

Correlation Of Immunological Biomarkers And Severity Of Pneumonia In Pediatric Patients, Dhifaf Abdulrhaman, Mohammed B Hassan

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Among children under five, pneumonia stands as a major contributor to both illness and death, creating a significant challenge for global health efforts. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between radiological severity, clinical parameters (such as fever and oxygen saturation), and laboratory markers (including CRP levels, white blood cell count, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) in pediatric patients with pneumonia. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 51 hospitalized children with severe pneumonia admitted to Al Mansour Pediatric Hospital in Baghdad from July 2024 to February 2025. The results revealed a strong association between radiologic severity and clinical indicators, with higher …

The Role Of Regulatory T Cells In Ischemic Heart Disease Patients, Duha Alaa Hassan, Hayfaa Mahmood Fahad, Saad Fadhel Nassar

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent 5–10% of the total T cell population and are known as potent suppressors of the immune system. They are crucial for managing immune activation, ensuring peripheral tolerance, and supporting tissue repair and overall homeostasis. These cells are characterized by the expression of specific biomarkers, including CD4+, FOXP3+, and CD25+. While CD4 and CD25 were initially used for their identification, the discovery of CD25 on other T cell types led to a more precise evaluation of Tregs through the assessment of the intracellular Foxp3 transcription factor.

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to …

Risk Markers For Sudden Unexpected Death In Epilepsy: An Observational, Prospective, Multicentre Cohort Study, Manuela Ochoa-Urrea, Xi Luo, Laura Vilella, Nuria Lacuey, Shirin Jamal Omidi, Norma J Hupp, Blanca Talavera, Johnson P Hampson, M R Sandhya Rani, Shiqiang Tao, Xiaojin Li, Christina Y Miyake, Licong Cui, Jaison S Hampson, Ganne Chaitanya, Yash Shashank Vakilna, Rup K Sainju, Daniel Friedman, Maromi Nei, Luke Allen, Catherine A Scott, Joana Oliveira, Brian Gehlbach, Stephan U Schuele, Jennifer A Ogren, Ronald M Harper, Beate Diehl, Lisa M Bateman, George B Richerson, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Orrin Devinsky, Samden D Lhatoo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of epilepsy-related mortality. Generalised-particularly nocturnal-convulsive seizures, longstanding epilepsy, and solitary living have been identified retrospectively as risk factors. No definitive electroclinical biomarkers have been prospectively ascertained. This study aimed to identify SUDEP risk markers using multimodality data with long-term follow-up.

Methods: This prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study, conducted at nine centres (eight in the USA and one in the UK), recruited children and adults with epilepsy who were undergoing prolonged video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of epilepsy by an epilepsy specialist, with or without drug resistance; age …

Advancing Modified Barium Swallow Pre-Sorting With Deep Learning: A New Paradigm For The First Step Analysis In X-Ray Swallowing Study, Shitong Mao, Mohamed A Naser, Sheila Buoy, Kristy K Brock, Katherine A Hutcheson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Modified barium swallow (MBS) exams are pivotal for assessing swallowing function and include diagnostic video segments imaged in various planes, such as anteroposterior (AP or coronal plane) and lateral (or mid-sagittal plane), alongside non-diagnostic 'scout' image segments used for anatomic reference and image set-up that do not include bolus swallows. These variations in imaging files necessitate manual sorting and labeling, complicating the pre-analysis workflow.

Methods: Our study introduces a deep learning approach to automate the categorization of swallow videos in MBS exams, distinguishing between the different types of diagnostic videos and identifying non-diagnostic scout videos to streamline the MBS …

Male Hypogonadism: Recommendations From The Fifth International Consultation On Sexual Medicine (Icsm 2024), Mohit Khera, Luiz Otavio Torres, Ethan D Grober, Abraham Morgentaler, Martin Miner, Thomas Hugh Jones, Jesse N Mills, Andrea Salonia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Male hypogonadism is a clinical condition combining low circulating testosterone (T) and specific signs and symptoms associated with impaired hormone production.

Objectives: To provide the 5th International Consultation for Sexual Medicine consensus paper with recommendations concerning management strategies for hypogonadism.

Outcomes: A narrative review combined with expert opinions on major topics concerning diagnosis of male hypogonadism; treatment options; T impact toward cardiovascular, metabolic, sexual, and reproductive health; and prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: A consensus panel was held with leading Sexual Medicine experts during the 5th ICSM. Relevant English-language peer-reviewed literature was reviewed with a focus on research from but …

Markers Of Tissue Hypoperfusion And Response To Vasopressors In Patients With Septic Shock, Islam M. El-Desoky, Ahmed A. Abdelaziz, Hossam A. Galbt, Ahmed S. Abdelgawad, Ola S. Mohamed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Patients in the early stage of septic shock require individualized fluid resuscitation and early administration of vasopressors to ensure tissue perfusion. We aimed to assess the performance of tissue perfusion markers in patients with septic shock and assessing its role in predicting the response to vasopressors. Methods This observational study was included 90 patients with septic shock within the first 24 hours of admission to the intensive care. Arterial (a) and central venous (cv) blood samples were obtained before beginning vasopressors (T0), and then at 12 and 24 hours after the initial sampling (T12, 24) for analysis of oxygen …

Post-Rt Head And Neck Dce-Mri: Association Between Mandibular Dose And Ve, Brandon Reber, Renjie He, Moamen R Abdelaal, Abdallah S R Mohamed, Samuel L Mulder, Laia Humbert Vidan, Clifton D Fuller, Stephen Y Lai, Kristy K Brock

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a functional imaging modality that can quantify tissue permeability and blood flow. Due to vasculature changes resulting from radiation therapy (RT), DCE-MRI quantitative parameters should be significantly different in regions receiving a high radiation dose compared to regions receiving a low radiation dose. This study sought to determine whether a significant difference exists in post-head-and-neck-cancer (HNC)-RT DCE-MRI quantitative parameters (Ktrans and ve) between regions of the mandible receiving a high radiation dose and regions of the mandible receiving a low radiation dose.

Methods: DCE-MRI was acquired from HNC subjects post-RT. The DCE-MRI …