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Infective Endocarditis In The U.S., 1998–2009: A Nationwide Study, David H. Bor, Steffie Woolhandler, Rachel Nardin, David Brusch, David U. Himmelstein

Publications and Research

Background
Previous studies based on local case series estimated the annual incidence of endocarditis in the U.S. at about 4 per 100,000 population. Small-scale studies elsewhere have reported similar incidence rates. However, no nationally-representative population-based studies have verified these estimates.

Methods and Findings
Using the 1998–2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which provides diagnoses from about 8 million U.S. hospitalizations annually, we examined endocarditis hospitalizations, bacteriology, co-morbidities, outcomes and costs. Hospital admissions for endocarditis rose from 25,511 in 1998 to 38, 976 in 2009 (12.7 per 100,000 population in 2009). The age-adjusted endocarditis admission rate increased 2.4% annually. The proportion of patients …

Health-Related Resource Use And Costs In Elderly Adults With And Without Mild Cognitive Impairment, Carolyn Zhu, Peter J. Whitehouse, Marian B. Patterson

Faculty Scholarship

Objectives To assess differences in resource use and cost between older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) over time. Design Multicenter, longitudinal study. Setting Sixty-eight Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) sites in the United States. Participants Two hundred fifty-nine individuals diagnosed with MCI and 107 cognitively normal elderly adults followed annually for 3 years. Measurements The Resource Use Instrument (RUI) was used to capture medical and nonmedical care use. Generalized linear latent and mixed models were used to estimate differences in resource use and costs in older adults with and without MCI after controlling for clinical and demographic …

Role Of Garlic Usage In Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: An Evidence-Based Approach, Waris Qidwai, Tabinda Ashfaq

Department of Family Medicine

Introduction:.Rapidly growing prevalence of cardiovascular disease is a major threat for the developed as well as developing world warranting urgent need of intervention. Complementary and alternative medicines are gaining popularity among general population because of their safety profile and easy administration. Garlic, in particular, is considered to be one of the best disease-preventive foods because of its potent and widespread effects. This study was done to find out the role of garlic usage in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Methodology : .Major databases including Google, PubMed,MEDLINE, and Cochrane library view were used for the literature search. Clinical trials conducted on humans assessing …

Regulation Of Igfbp-5 And Osteoblast Functions By Nuclear Factor I, Laura A. Perez-Casellas

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) system is a major target of GC inhibition in bone. We found that GCs inhibit expression of IGF binding protein-5 (IGFBP5) which binds IGFs and stimulates osteoblast activity by IGF dependent and independent mechanisms. GC-induced inhibition of IGFPB5 promoter activity was mediated by a composite response element that has binding sites for transcription factor activator protein 2 (AP-2) and nuclear factor I (NFI). The work in this dissertation identifies the NFI gene family as an important regulator of IGFBP-5 transcription primarily in human, as well as murine osteoblasts. The mechanism of IGFBP5 gene regulation involves …

Training Verb Argument Structure Production In Agrammatic Aphasia: Behavioral And Neural Recovery Patterns, Cynthia K. Thompson, Ellyn A. Riley, Dirk B. Den Ouden, Aya Meltzer-Asscher, Sladjana Lukic

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

Associations Between Cadmium Exposure And Neurocognitive Test Scores In A Cross-Sectional Study Of Us Adults, Timothy Ciesielski, David C. Bellinger, Joel Schwartz, Russ Hauser, Robert O. Wright

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Low-level environmental cadmium exposure and neurotoxicity has not been well studied in adults. Our goal was to evaluate associations between neurocognitive exam scores and a biomarker of cumulative cadmium exposure among adults in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

Methods: NHANES III is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the U.S. population conducted between 1988 and 1994. We analyzed data from a subset of participants, age 20–59, who participated in a computer-based neurocognitive evaluation. There were four outcome measures: the Simple Reaction Time Test (SRTT: visual motor speed), the Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST: attention/perception), …

Empowerment In Community-Based Participatory Research With Persons With Developmental Disabilities: Perspectives Of Community Researchers, Erin Elizabeth Stack

Dissertations and Theses

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a research approach that benefits from the expertise of community members being involved in the research along all stages of a project (Israel et al., 2003). CBPR is often utilized with marginalized populations in order to amplify a community's voice on important issues in their lives (Bastida, Tseng, McKeever, & Jack, 2010; Minkler & Wallerstein, 2008). In the past, persons with disability have been excluded from research in order to protect them from exploitation. This practice of exclusion undermines opportunities for persons with disabilities to be independent and make decisions that are important for themselves …

Long-Term Upregulation Of Inflammation And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation In The Brain Of Adult Rats Exposed To Traumatic Brain Injury Using The Controlled Cortical Impact Model, Sandra A. Acosta, Naoki Tajiri, Kazutaka Shinozuka, Hiroto Ishikawa, Bethany Grimmig, David M. Diamond, Paul R. Sanberg, Paula C. Bickford, Yuji Kaneko, Cesario V. Borlongan

Psychology Faculty Publications

The long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI), specifically the detrimental effects of inflammation on the neurogenic niches, are not very well understood. In the present in vivo study, we examined the prolonged pathological outcomes of experimental TBI in different parts of the rat brain with special emphasis on inflammation and neurogenesis. Sixty days after moderate controlled cortical impact injury, adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were euthanized and brain tissues harvested. Antibodies against the activated microglial marker, OX6, the cell cycle-regulating protein marker, Ki67, and the immature neuronal marker, doublecortin, DCX, were used to estimate microglial activation, cell proliferation, and neuronal …

Lung Abscess: Analysis Of The Results As Community-Acquired Or Nosocomial, Nuri̇ Tutar, Fatma Sema Oymak, Asi̇ye Kanbay, Hakan Büyükoğlan, Afra Yildirim, İnsu Yilmaz, Suat Ali̇ Doğan, İnci̇ Gülmez, Ramazan Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To assess the etiology, underlying disease, treatment procedures, and mortality rate of lung abscesses by dividing the patients into community-acquired lung abscess (CALA) and nosocomial lung abscess (NLA) subgroups. Materials and methods: We reviewed and analyzed data on 62 adult cases of CALA and NLA treated during 2000-2011 at a tertiary university hospital in Turkey. Results: Of these 62 patients, 44 had CALA and 18 had NLA. Etiologic microorganisms were isolated in 20 of the 44 patients (45.4%) in the CALA group and in 15 of the 18 patients (83.3%) in the NLA group. Among these patients, Staphylococcus aureus (20.0%) …

Is Placement Of Pelvic Drain Indispensable After Radical Cystectomy, Extended Lymph Node Dissection, And Orthotopic Neobladder Substitution?, Ahmet Tunç Özdemi̇r, Serkan Altinova, Ege Can Şerefoğlu, Ali̇ Fuat Atmaca, Mevlana Derya Balbay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To evaluate the necessity of leaving a pelvic drain after open radical cystectomy. Materials and methods: Between January 2007 and January 2010, 58 patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma were included. All patients underwent radical cystectomy, extended lymph node dissection, and orthotopic bladder (Studer pouch) substitution. Patients were randomized to have a pelvic drain catheter (Group 1, n = 22) or not (Group 2, n = 36). Ureteral catheters were removed at postoperative days 7 and 8. The pelvic drain catheters in Group 1 were removed when daily production was

Serum Lipoprotein(A) And High Sensitivity C Reactive Protein Levels In Saudi Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Their Relationship With Glycemic Control, Syed Shahid Habib

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To study serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and their relationship with glycemic control. Materials and methods: A total of 201 subjects were selected for the study. The final selection included 103 patients with type 2 DM (64 males and 39 females) and 98 healthy control subjects (58 males and 40 females). Fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids, Lp(a), and hsCRP levels. Results: Subjects with poor glycemic control showed significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose levels (10.29 ± 3.56 …

Neuropsychological Outcome In Relation To Duration Of Early Orphanage Experience, Jacquelyn Marie Perry Avery

Wayne State University Dissertations

In this sample of 144 children with a history of prior orphanage experience, increasing duration of institutionalization is related to decreasing performance for a number of cognitive domains, most consistently verbal measures and executive Functioning measures. The relationships with duration for measures requiring visual-spatial skills were more mixed and a visual reasoning task was found to significantly relate to duration but not a measure of visual memory or a measure of nonverbal achievement. There was little evidence to support a relationship between the duration of institutionalization and fine-motor dexterity. The strongest relationships with duration were observed for language measures followed …

Multi-Modality Assessment Of Language Function, Erik Carmen Brown

Wayne State University Dissertations

The work presented as part of this dissertation represents a multi-modality study of language structure and function. The primary functional modality employed is task-related electrocorticography (ECoG). This is complemented by discussion and evaluation of previously published functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Language-related structure is explored using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with ECoG data. The scientific questions pursued are broad and include reevaluation of previously proposed theories.

We start by taking the first steps in validating our naming-related ECoG approach by comparing our results from a small cohort of patients to the clinical gold-standard technique of electrical brain …

White Matter Integrity And Age Related Differences In Reaction Time Components, Yiqin Yang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Reduced speed in information processing is a well-documented phenomenon associated with advanced aging. Age-related deterioration in white matter integrity might play a role in age-related increase in reaction time (RT). However, the association between microstructural differences in particular white matter regions or tracts with RT is unclear. Decomposing RT into parts might be a better way to understand the relationship due to multiple processes involved in RT. In a lifespan sample of 90 healthy normotensive participants, this study examined the association between RT components derived from the Ratcliff diffusion model with age related difference in DTI indices of a wide …

An Investigation Of Perinatal Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure On Body Composition And Glucose Homeostasis, Cetewayo S. Rashid

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

Recent advancements have uncovered environmental contributions to obesity and diabetes etiology. In fact, perinatal malnutrition resulting in low birth weight (LBW) has been shown to correlate with later life obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in aged offspring. LBW can result from a myriad of developmental perturbations including macronutrient restriction, hypoxia, maternal stress and toxin exposure.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that bioaccumulate in the food chain resulting in dietary exposure in humans. Maternal and cord blood PCB levels are inversely associated with birth weight, and recent studies indicate that perinatal exposures to PCBs contribute to gender-specific obesity development …

Effect Of The Presence Of Pneumonia On Noninvasive Ventilation Success In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cases With Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure, Serdar Akpinar, Kazim Rollas, Evri̇m Eylem Akpinar, Ali̇ Alagöz, Nazi̇re Uçar, Yusuf Tuğrul Şi̇pi̇t

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the effect of the presence of pneumonia on the success of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases with acute respiratory failure. Materials and methods: Sixty patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COPD exacerbation were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups as those with pneumonia (Group 1) and without pneumonia (Group 2). According to initial pH values, cases were also divided into 3 subgroups based on pH values. C-reactive protein (CRP), APACHE II scores, requirement of endotracheal intubation, mortality, and duration of ICU and hospital stay were also …

Simultaneous Stenting Of The Ipsilateral External And Internal Carotid Arteries, Tahi̇r Durmaz, Engi̇n Bozkurt, Hüseyi̇n Ayhan, Ni̇hal Akar Bayram, Emi̇ne Bi̇len, Murat Akçay, Cenk Sari, Telat Keleş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Carotid artery diseases are diagnosed more frequently in practice due to increased mean life expectancy of the general population and the availability of imaging methods. Strong evidence coming from long term, randomized, large studies is required to support the idea that a carotid artery stent (CAS) may be an alternative to a carotid endarterectomy (CEA), which has been performed for long years with proven efficacy. Generally, no intervention (CEA or CAS) is performed in the stenosis of the external carotid artery (ECA) in the literature. In our case, we performed ipsilateral ECA and internal carotid artery stenting simultaneously.

Investigation Of The Frequency Of The Mutant Ccr5-Δ32 Allele Related To Hiv Resistance In Turkey, Gamze Karakaya, Fatma Azi̇ze Budak Yildiran, Şükran Çakir Arica

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the frequency with which the CCR5-\Delta32 mutant allele caused resistance to HIV, which is main agent of AIDS in all geographic regions of Turkey. Materials and methods: Randomly selected human blood samples from 400 healthy individuals were collected. The polymerase chain reaction method was used to determine the CCR5-\Delta32 polymorphism and samples were screened using 2 primers. Results: The frequency of wild alleles was found to be 0.9738 and the frequency of mutant alleles was found to be 0.0262. The highest frequency of the CCR5-\Delta32 allele was found to be 0.0726 in the Central Anatolia region. The lowest …

Headache In Multiple Sclerosis, Mi̇ne Hayri̇ye Sorgun, Canan Yücesan, Yasemi̇n Genç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause almost any neurological symptom, headaches are considered unusual. Studies investigating the relationship between the 2 conditions have produced conflicting results. The primary aim of this study was to test whether there was a difference between patients with MS (Group 1) and the control group (Group 2, patients with psoriasis and myasthenia gravis, diseases not affecting the central nervous system) in terms of the prevalence and types of primary headache. Materials and methods: A total of 139 patients with MS and 59 patients in the control group were included. The patients underwent a complete neurological …

The Effect Of Maternal–Fetal Attachment Education On Maternal Mental Health, Elieh Abasi, Mahin Tafazzoli, Habibolah Esmaily, Hossain Hasanabadi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

A mother's mental health during pregnancy has a considerable effect on her infant's wellbeing. Therefore, various methods have been studied to improve maternal mental health with the purpose of reducing problems for mothers and babies. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) education during the third trimester on the mother's mental health. Materials and methods: This interventional study was conducted on 83 pregnant women attending 6 healthcare centers in Sari, Iran, for routine antenatal check-ups. Data collection tools included interview checklists, the Cranley MFA Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire 28. The treatment …

Anxiety, Depression, Social Phobia, And Quality Of Life In Turkish Patients With Acne And Their Relationships With The Severity Of Acne, Ahmet Öztürk, Erdem Deveci̇, Erman Bağcioğlu, Fi̇gen Atalay, Zehra Serdar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the psychiatric characteristics of acne vulgaris and the effects of the disease on quality of life. Materials and methods: We included 70 acne patients and 50 healthy controls. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Quality of Life Scale Short Form, and Acne Quality of Life Questionnaire were applied. Results: Anxiety and depression scores of the acne patients were significantly higher than those of the control group. In patients with acne, significantly higher levels of social anxiety were detected. Social anxiety levels of severe acne cases were …

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence And Type In Liquid-Based Cervical Samples From Turkish Women In A Selected Risk Group, Işin Akyar, Özlem Aydin, Mustafa Cengi̇z Yakicier, Zühtü Tanil Kocagöz, Ümi̇t İnce, İbrahi̇m Ünsal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To detect the prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in different cytological diagnostic categories. Materials and methods: Between 2007 and 2010, a total of 1014 liquid-based thin preparations of cervical smears were selected and classified according to cytology results. HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed using these samples. HPV DNA-positive samples were genotyped by DNA sequencing. Results: Of those enrolled in the study, 45.3% were negative cytologically, 36.4% had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 0.3% had atypical squamous cells preventing the exclusion of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 16.8% showed a low-grade squamous intraepithelial …

Determining The Association Between Turkish Women’S Menopausal Symptoms And Their Marital Adjustment, Asli Si̇s Çeli̇k, Türkan Pasi̇nli̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the association between women's menopausal symptoms and their marital adjustment. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 263 Turkish women chosen using an improbable randomized sampling method. A questionnaire, the Menopause Symptom Rating Scale (MSRS), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) were used to collect data. Percentage distributions, the t-test in independent groups, the one-way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation analysis, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used in the evaluation of the data. Results: The mean of the overall MSRS score for women was 22.67 ± 8.06 and the mean of the overall DAS score for …

Characteristics Of Nonsyndromic Supernumerary Teeth In Children And Adolescents, Hüseyi̇n Karayilmaz, Zühal Kirzioğlu, Ayşegül Sariteki̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

'Supernumerary teeth' (ST) is a term used to describe extra teeth in both dentitions than those that we are predisposed to have and considered to be one of the most significant dental anomalies affecting children and adolescents. Diagnosis and management of ST is one of the main responsibilities of dentists and also physicians. The aims of this study were to document the prevalence, characteristics, and associated clinical complications of ST among children and adolescents and to summarize the management and intervention time for ST. Materials and methods: Thirteen deciduous ST in 13 patients and 219 permanent ST in 179 patients …

Effect Of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure On Global Right Ventricular Myocardial Performance In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Funda Öztuna, Hati̇ce Gözaçan, Gülhanim Kiriş, Tuba Esen, Kayihan Karaman, Süleyman Caner Karahan, Savaş Özsu, Tevfi̇k Özlü, Meri̇h Kutlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The myocardial performance index (Tei index), plasma N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were used to investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on right ventricular function. Materials and methods: Twenty-three patients diagnosed with OSAS (moderate or severe AHI > 15) by polysomnography at Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty Chest Disease Clinic between September 2009 and September 2010 were included. The Tei index, Nt-proBNP, and IMA were measured in all patients before CPAP treatment and 3 months after the diagnosis. Results: Patients with OSAS had statistically significantly higher right ventricular Tei indices than the control …

A Case Of Childhood Vaccination Barrier: Migrant And Seasonal Farmworkers, İbrahi̇m Koruk, Zeynep Şi̇mşek, Süda Teki̇n Koruk

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The Expanded Program on Immunization has proven to be one of the most effective public health strategies. However, the literature contends that medically disadvantaged groups have been associated with less compliance with vaccination calendars and schedules. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to investigate the vaccination coverage of the children of migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFs) and to identify their specific barriers to vaccination. Materials and methods: A total of 168 children aged 12-23 months were recruited to the study from a primary healthcare center. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire targeting the issues of infant vaccination status, …

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels In Allergic Rhinitis And Nasal Polyposis, Mehmet Tosun, Tayfun Apuhan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is the major endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. We aimed to investigate the ADMA levels in allergic rhinitis (AR) and nasal polyposis (NP). Materials and methods: A total of 29 AR patients, 21 NP patients, and 30 healthy subjects to be used as a control group were enrolled in the study. ADMA was measured in the AR, NP, and control groups with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Any patients or control subjects with coronary artery disease, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension were excluded from the study. Results: The mean ADMA serum concentration was 0.52 ± 0.08 µmol/L …

Influence Of Trace Elements And Their Correlation With Semen Quality In Fertile And Infertile Subjects, Vickram Sundaram, Muthugadhalli Srinivas, Jayaraman Gurunathan, Kamini Rao, Ramesh Pathy Maniyan, Sridharan Balasundaram

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

There has been increasing curiosity about the appraisal of essential trace elements present in human body fluids and their correlation to human health. Human seminal plasma contains several trace elements that have an imperative role in the normal functioning of the semen. As a result, it is very important to evaluate Zn and other trace elements present in the seminal plasma for the assessment of male infertility. The main objective of this research is to evaluate Zn concentrations and their intercorrelations with semen parameters such as sperm concentration, sperm motility, and normal morphology of the sperm, towards their contribution to …

The Safety And Efficacy Of Remifentanil Compared To Fentanyl In Pediatric Endoscopy, Rauf Gül, Şami̇l Hizli, Betül Kocamer, Senem Koruk, Levent Şahi̇n, Hüseyi̇n Kilinçaslan, Vahap Sariçi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To compare propofol combinations with low induction doses of remifentanil and fentanyl in respect to the complication frequency and efficiency in ease of procedure in children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Materials and methods: Sixty-four patients, aged 3-14 years and undergoing elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy, were included in the study. The patients received an induction dose of 0.25 µg kg^{-1} remifentanil and 2 mg kg^{-1} propofol (group R), or 0.5 µg kg^{-1} fentanyl and 2 mg kg^{-1} propofol (group F) before the procedure. The procedure began with a sedation score of >=5. Hemodynamic values, movement, ease and duration of the procedure, the time to awakening, …

The Correlation Between Cardiovascular Risk And Functional Disability And Disease Activity In The Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Mustafa Güler, Saadet Yazgan Umut, Teoman Aydin, Ayli̇n Rezvani̇, Emi̇ne Poyraz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its correlation with disease activity and functional ability by using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and to compare the CVR of the RA patients with the control group with the help of the FRS. Materials and methods: Seventy-four RA patients, who were in conformity with the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, were included in this study at Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. A total of 39 subjects without inflammatory arthritis were included as the control group. The FRS was calculated by evaluating age, smoking habits, diabetes, …