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Articles 10861 - 10890 of 13065

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Calmodulin Enhances Ribbon Replenishment And Shapes Filtering Of Synaptic Transmission By Cone Photoreceptors., Matthew J. Van Hook, Caitlyn M. Parmelee, Minghui Chen, Karlene M. Cork, Carina Curto, Wallace B. Thoreson Nov 2014

Calmodulin Enhances Ribbon Replenishment And Shapes Filtering Of Synaptic Transmission By Cone Photoreceptors., Matthew J. Van Hook, Caitlyn M. Parmelee, Minghui Chen, Karlene M. Cork, Carina Curto, Wallace B. Thoreson

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

At the first synapse in the vertebrate visual pathway, light-evoked changes in photoreceptor membrane potential alter the rate of glutamate release onto second-order retinal neurons. This process depends on the synaptic ribbon, a specialized structure found at various sensory synapses, to provide a supply of primed vesicles for release. Calcium (Ca(2+)) accelerates the replenishment of vesicles at cone ribbon synapses, but the mechanisms underlying this acceleration and its functional implications for vision are unknown. We studied vesicle replenishment using paired whole-cell recordings of cones and postsynaptic neurons in tiger salamander retinas and found that it involves two kinetic mechanisms, the …

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Body Mass Index Or Body Fat! Which Is A Better Obesity Scale For Pakistani Population?, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Rehana Rehman, Bushra Chaudhry Nov 2014

Body Mass Index Or Body Fat! Which Is A Better Obesity Scale For Pakistani Population?, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Rehana Rehman, Bushra Chaudhry

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Ojective: To compare two methods of classifying obesity based on body mass index and body fat percentage.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2012 to August 2013 at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Male and female volunteers between the ages 15-65 years were selected using simple random sampling. They were classified into different groups for body mass index and body fat percentage measured through bioelectrical impedance scale. The subjects were sub-grouped into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. SPSS 11 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean age of the 828 healthy volunteers was 25.67±10.10 years. A …

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The Incentive Amplifying Effects Of Nicotine Are Reduced By Selective And Non-Selective Dopamine Antagonists In Rats, Matthew I. Palmatier, Marissa R. Kellicut, A. Brianna Sheppard, Russell W. Brown, Donita L. Robinson Nov 2014

The Incentive Amplifying Effects Of Nicotine Are Reduced By Selective And Non-Selective Dopamine Antagonists In Rats, Matthew I. Palmatier, Marissa R. Kellicut, A. Brianna Sheppard, Russell W. Brown, Donita L. Robinson

ETSU Faculty Works

Nicotine is a psychomotor stimulant with ‘reinforcement enhancing’ effects — the actions of nicotine in the brain increase responding for non-nicotine rewards. We hypothesized that this latter effect of nicotine depends on increased incentive properties of anticipatory cues; consistent with this hypothesis, multiple laboratories have reported that nicotine increases sign tracking, i.e. approach to a conditioned stimulus (CS), in Pavlovian conditioned-approach tasks. Incentive motivation and sign tracking are mediated by mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission and nicotine facilitates mesolimbic DA release. Therefore, we hypothesized that the incentive-promoting effects of nicotine would be impaired by DA antagonists. To test this hypothesis, separate …

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Acidosis Potentiates The Host Proinflammatory Interleukin-1Β Response To Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection, I. M. Torres, Y. R. Patankar, Tamer B. Shabaneh, E. Dolben, Deborah Hogan, David Leib, Brent L. Berwin Nov 2014

Acidosis Potentiates The Host Proinflammatory Interleukin-1Β Response To Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection, I. M. Torres, Y. R. Patankar, Tamer B. Shabaneh, E. Dolben, Deborah Hogan, David Leib, Brent L. Berwin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and bacteria in general, frequently promotes acidification of the local microenvironment, and this is reinforced by pulmonary exertion and exacerbation. However, the consequence of an acidic environment on the host inflammatory response to P. aeruginosa infection is poorly understood. Here we report that the pivotal cellular and host proinflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β) response, which enables host clearance of the infection but can produce collateral inflammatory damage, is increased in response to P. aeruginosa infection within an acidic environment. Synergistic mechanisms that promote increased IL-1β release in response to P. aeruginosa infection in an acidic environment are …

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Using Multi-Compartment Ensemble Modeling As An Investigative Tool Of Spatially Distributed Biophysical Balances: Application To Hippocampal Oriens-Lacunosum/Moleculare (O-Lm) Cellns, Vladislav Sekulic, J. Josh Lawrence, Frances K. Skinner Oct 2014

Using Multi-Compartment Ensemble Modeling As An Investigative Tool Of Spatially Distributed Biophysical Balances: Application To Hippocampal Oriens-Lacunosum/Moleculare (O-Lm) Cellns, Vladislav Sekulic, J. Josh Lawrence, Frances K. Skinner

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Multi-compartmental models of neurons provide insight into the complex, integrative properties of dendrites. Because it is not feasible to experimentally determine the exact density and kinetics of each channel type in every neuronal compartment, an essential goal in developing models is to help characterize these properties. To address biological variability inherent in a given neuronal type, there has been a shift away from using hand-tuned models towards using ensembles or populations of models. In collectively capturing a neuron’s output, ensemble modeling approaches uncover important conductance balances that control neuronal dynamics. However, conductances are never entirely known for a given neuron …

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Ectopic Cushing Syndrome And Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Report, Mira Mitry Md, Nicole M. Agostino Do, Stacey Smith Md, Facp, Vasudev G. Magaji Md, Ms Oct 2014

Ectopic Cushing Syndrome And Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Report, Mira Mitry Md, Nicole M. Agostino Do, Stacey Smith Md, Facp, Vasudev G. Magaji Md, Ms

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Microscopic Polyangiitis Presenting With A Pure Sensory Peripheral Symmetric Polyneuropathy, Matthew Sullivan Do, Craig A. Mackaness Do, James Ross Md, Facp Oct 2014

Microscopic Polyangiitis Presenting With A Pure Sensory Peripheral Symmetric Polyneuropathy, Matthew Sullivan Do, Craig A. Mackaness Do, James Ross Md, Facp

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Mirror Reversal And Visual Rotation Are Learned And Consolidated Via Separate Mechanisms: Recalibrating Or Learning De Novo?, Sebastian Telgen, Darius Parvin, Jörn Diedrichsen Oct 2014

Mirror Reversal And Visual Rotation Are Learned And Consolidated Via Separate Mechanisms: Recalibrating Or Learning De Novo?, Sebastian Telgen, Darius Parvin, Jörn Diedrichsen

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Motor learning tasks are often classified into adaptation tasks, which involve the recalibration of an existing control policy (the mapping that determines both feedforward and feedback commands), and skill-learning tasks, requiring the acquisition of new control policies. We show here that this distinction also applies to two different visuomotor transformations during reaching in humans: Mirror-reversal (left-right reversal over a mid-sagittal axis) of visual feedback versus rotation of visual feedback around the movement origin. During mirror-reversal learning, correct movement initiation (feedforward commands) and online corrections (feedback responses) were only generated at longer latencies. The earliest responses were directed into a nonmirrored …

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Malignant Hyperthermia, Devin Poncsak Oct 2014

Malignant Hyperthermia, Devin Poncsak

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A crisis of malignant hyperthermia is a medical emergency, and must be treated immediately with a coordinated, multidisciplinary team response in order to give the patient the highest chance for a successful recovery (Dirksen, Van Wicklin, Mashman, Neiderer, & Merritt, 2013). Malignant hyperthermia is defined by Bandschapp & Girard (2012), as “a disturbance of the skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis, triggered by volatile anaesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants.” Once a vulnerable patient is exposed to one of these triggering agents, a pathologic hypermetabolic response ensues, and the patient has a rapid increase in oxygen consumption and expired carbon dioxide, hyperthermia, acidosis, …

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Management Of A Dka Patient With Severe Metabolic And Ketoacidosis With Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Brian Albany Oct 2014

Management Of A Dka Patient With Severe Metabolic And Ketoacidosis With Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Brian Albany

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) serves as one the leading causes of mortality in diabetic patients [14]. The mortality has decreased over the past several decades due to the rapid recognition of the disease state and the improvement of management of DKA [14]. Despite a decline in mortality rates over the past twenty years from 7.96% to 0.67%, errors in management of the disease state are associated with significant morbidity and mortality [2]. Utilization of DKA protocols in the acute care setting have allowed congruency in care and delivery of effective lifesaving treatment. Despite advances in standardized DKA protocols, there still remains …

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The Pathophysiology Of Tumor Lysis Syndrome In Oncology Patients, Jessica Richardson Oct 2014

The Pathophysiology Of Tumor Lysis Syndrome In Oncology Patients, Jessica Richardson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Patients with oncological conditions are at an increased risk of developing a wide variety of complications from chemotherapy that they would not otherwise be exposed too. One such life threatening complication is tumor lysis syndrome, which is an oncology emergency that frequently lands patients in the intensive care unit. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurs most frequently after the initiation of chemotherapy or other chemotoxic drugs during the patients’ treatment course [8]. It causes faster than normal tumor cell breakdown and release of intracellular contents into the general circulation. [8]. This leads to a very predictable development of electrolyte imbalances to …

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Accurate Intervention In Visceral Aneurysms, Megan Hoying Oct 2014

Accurate Intervention In Visceral Aneurysms, Megan Hoying

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A 30 year old male presented to the ED with a one week history of fever, abdominal pain, and poor PO intake due to nausea and emesis. He was given a GI cocktail and sent home for a presumed diagnosis of gastritis. After having persistent pain the patient returned to the ER the following day and was admitted for further testing. The patient died 3 days later. This is an interesting case presentation, and was in no way straightforward.

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Brain Death Determination, Bethani Knipfer Oct 2014

Brain Death Determination, Bethani Knipfer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Patient MR was a seventeen year old female involved in a motor vehicle collision which resulted in a traumatic brain injury leading to declaration of brain death. The pathophysiology behind the traumatic brain injury, the concept and use of a brain tissue monitoring device, and the tests used in the declaration of brain death will be explored. When brain death is determined, the patient has the opportunity to become an organ donor. Thousands of people are waiting for organs to become available. This is a huge healthcare concern that may be decreased if the general public is more educated regarding …

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The Mystery Of Transverse Myelitis: Can It Happen To You?, Jessica Castle Oct 2014

The Mystery Of Transverse Myelitis: Can It Happen To You?, Jessica Castle

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Imagine a day like any other, as a healthy performs daily tasks without any particular difficulty. Then, the first fall happens. After standing and recovering, two more falls occur; however, despite all physical effort, standing proves to be a complete impossibility. Imagine the fear. What is going on? This unexplainable scenario happened to an 81 woman diagnosed with idiopathic transverse myelitis (TM) in May 2011, leaving her permanently paralyzed below the mysteriously appearing T9 lesion. This woman had only a personal history of asthma and breast cancer, and nothing significant in her family history. After 60 days of lumbar punctures, …

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Ebola Pandemic, Lurajean Cravens Oct 2014

Ebola Pandemic, Lurajean Cravens

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Ebolavirus, or Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), is of the filovirus family causing hemorrhagic fever first discovered in the African country of Zaire in 1976 (Turner, 2014; Hampton, 2014) and has gained global concern and attention since the recent epidemic outbreak in West Africa. There are five known species of Ebola: Zaire, Sudan, Ivory Coast, Bundibugyo and Reston, based on the region of origination. The Zaire species has been identified as the strain responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa, and has spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Senegal (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,2014; Gostin, Lucey & Phelan, …

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Necessity For Excellent Glycemic Control Before, During And After Cabg Surgery, Sheri Clouse Oct 2014

Necessity For Excellent Glycemic Control Before, During And After Cabg Surgery, Sheri Clouse

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A 72 year old male patient was admitted to the hospital presenting with sharp substernal pain and pressure to the left upper chest rated a “10” out of 10. Patient complained of chest pain even at rest which was relieved by a nitroglycerin infusion. Patient had established coronary artery disease as evidenced by five prior stent placements, with the last stent placement being in 2010. The patient also presented to the Emergency Room with a blood glucose level over 600 mg/dL and because of his complaints of chest pain, was transferred to a neighboring hospital facility to have a cardiac …

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Review Of The Effectiveness Of Tissue Plasminogen Activator For The Treatment Of Plastic Bronchitis In Patients With Fontan Physiology, Ruth Ferroni Oct 2014

Review Of The Effectiveness Of Tissue Plasminogen Activator For The Treatment Of Plastic Bronchitis In Patients With Fontan Physiology, Ruth Ferroni

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Plastic bronchitis is a condition characterized by the formation of bronchial casts ranging from small to large obstructions of the pulmonary airways. Cast formation is intricate and resembles a plastic, rubbery model of the airway it obstructs. Its form was first described by Galen (A.D. 131-200). One of the patient populations at risk for developing this rare complication are those with single ventricle disease who are surgically corrected to Fontan physiology. It is a very abnormal type of circulation that is suspect in the development of plastic bronchitis. The cellular composition of plastic bronchitis differs from the casts seen in …

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Atrial Fibrillation Post-Lung Lobectomy, Laura Adorni Oct 2014

Atrial Fibrillation Post-Lung Lobectomy, Laura Adorni

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

According to the American Heart Association, atrial fibrillation affected 2.66 million individuals in the United States in 2010 and is expected to double by year 2050 (Sanoski, 2010, p. S11). Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF), a classification of atrial fibrillation (AF), can occur after thoracic surgery and is an ongoing source of morbidity and mortality (Imperatori et al., 2012). There is a 10-20% occurrence rate of POAF after non-cardiac surgery, such as a lung lobectomy, and a 40% incidence rate after a pneumonectomy (Omae & Kanmura, 2012, p. 429). Cardiovascular events such as heart failure, cerebral infarction, renal failure, and infection …

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Acute Pancreatitis, Laura Payne Oct 2014

Acute Pancreatitis, Laura Payne

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis seen in intensive care units worldwide. The incidence of pancreatitis has increased over the last decade. It ranks third amongst the gastrointestinal diseases resulting in hospital admissions. The destructive complications of pancreatitis make it a life-threatening disease. If pancreatitis progresses to the severe form the mortality rate significantly increase from one percent to upwards of thirty percent. Pancreatitis is associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital admissions(Goozen, Besselink, Santroort, & Bollen, 2013). An increased understanding of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis has changed the approach to treatment from early surgical treatment to …

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When Exercise Is A Pain In The Head, Rebecca D. Granger Oct 2014

When Exercise Is A Pain In The Head, Rebecca D. Granger

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Headache is one of the five most common chief complaints in the US, resulting in nearly 5 million visits to the ED (Lange, 2011). With great variance in quality, etiology, pathophysiology, and as a potential indicator of a serious underlying problem, it is critical that these headaches be accurately diagnosed, primarily for rapid identification of life threatening factors, but also to offer treatment and education specific to the particular type of headache the patient is experiencing. This will result in better outcomes for the patient through better control and will subsequently save health care dollars by reducing ED visits and …

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Differences In Brainstem Level Encoding Of Am And Fm Signals In A Rat Model For Dyslexia, Stephen Anthony Chabot Oct 2014

Differences In Brainstem Level Encoding Of Am And Fm Signals In A Rat Model For Dyslexia, Stephen Anthony Chabot

Open Access Theses

Developmental dyslexia is a language learning disorder that affects a significant portion of the population. Many subjects who suffer from dyslexia show auditory processing deficits as children, some of which persist into adulthood, which impair their ability to learn one or more aspects of language. There is evidence that some types of training can correct the auditory processing deficits and bring the subject to a normal reading or speaking proficiency for their age group. One common rodent model for dyslexia is the cortical freeze lesion model. This model induces a lesion in the rat cortex similar to the microgyria present …

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Dynamics Of Alpha Control: Preparatory Suppression Of Posterior Alpha Oscillations By Frontal Modulators Revealed With Combined Eeg And Event-Related Optical Signal, Kyle E. Mathewson, Diane M. Beck, Tony Ro, Edward L. Maclin, Kathy A. Low, Monica Fabiani, Gabriele Gratton Oct 2014

Dynamics Of Alpha Control: Preparatory Suppression Of Posterior Alpha Oscillations By Frontal Modulators Revealed With Combined Eeg And Event-Related Optical Signal, Kyle E. Mathewson, Diane M. Beck, Tony Ro, Edward L. Maclin, Kathy A. Low, Monica Fabiani, Gabriele Gratton

Publications and Research

We investigated the dynamics of brain processes facilitating conscious experience of external stimuli. Previously, we proposed that alpha (8–12 Hz) oscillations, which fluctuate with both sustained and directed attention, represent a pulsed inhibition of ongoing sensory brain activity. Here we tested the prediction that inhibitory alpha oscillations in visual cortex are modulated by top–down signals from frontoparietal attention networks. We measured modulations in phase-coherent alpha oscillations from superficial frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices using the event-related optical signal (EROS), a measure of neuronal activity affording high spatiotemporal resolution, along with concurrently recorded EEG, while participants performed a visual target detection …

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Large-Scale Identification Of Chemically Induced Mutations In Drosophila Melanogaster, Nele A Haelterman, Lichun Jiang, Yumei Li, Vafa Bayat, Hector Sandoval, Berrak Ugur, Kai Li Tan, Ke Zhang, Danqing Bei, Bo Xiong, Wu-Lin Charng, Theodore Busby, Adeel Jawaid, Gabriela David, Manish Jaiswal, Koen J T Venken, Shinya Yamamoto, Rui Chen, Hugo J Bellen Oct 2014

Large-Scale Identification Of Chemically Induced Mutations In Drosophila Melanogaster, Nele A Haelterman, Lichun Jiang, Yumei Li, Vafa Bayat, Hector Sandoval, Berrak Ugur, Kai Li Tan, Ke Zhang, Danqing Bei, Bo Xiong, Wu-Lin Charng, Theodore Busby, Adeel Jawaid, Gabriela David, Manish Jaiswal, Koen J T Venken, Shinya Yamamoto, Rui Chen, Hugo J Bellen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Forward genetic screens using chemical mutagens have been successful in defining the function of thousands of genes in eukaryotic model organisms. The main drawback of this strategy is the time-consuming identification of the molecular lesions causative of the phenotypes of interest. With whole-genome sequencing (WGS), it is now possible to sequence hundreds of strains, but determining which mutations are causative among thousands of polymorphisms remains challenging. We have sequenced 394 mutant strains, generated in a chemical mutagenesis screen, for essential genes on the Drosophila X chromosome and describe strategies to reduce the number of candidate mutations from an average of …

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Genotypes Frequencies Of Rs9923231 And Rs7294 Snps In The Vkorci Gene Among Emiratis And Their Implications For Warfarin Dosage, Hayat Saad Al-Jaibeji Oct 2014

Genotypes Frequencies Of Rs9923231 And Rs7294 Snps In The Vkorci Gene Among Emiratis And Their Implications For Warfarin Dosage, Hayat Saad Al-Jaibeji

Theses

Warfarin is the most commonly used oral anticoagulant medication given as a prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders. Warfarin doses vary up to 10-fold among patients due to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenomics factors. In addition, Warfarin has a low therapeutic index with the risk of developing serious side effects such as severe bleeding or failure of therapy. Therefore, the main challenge to achieve the therapeutic goal in warfarin treatment is estimating the appropriate dose for each patient. It is estimated that pharmacogenomics factors contribute to more than 60% of dose variability. The gene encoding for the target …

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Evaluation Of A New Method Of Fossil Retrodeformation By Symmetrization: Crania Of Papionins (Primates, Cercopithecidae) As A Test Case, Melissa Tallman, Andrea Morrow, Nina Amenta, Eric Delson, Stephen Frost, Deboshmita Ghosh, Zachary Klukkert, Gary Sawyer Sep 2014

Evaluation Of A New Method Of Fossil Retrodeformation By Symmetrization: Crania Of Papionins (Primates, Cercopithecidae) As A Test Case, Melissa Tallman, Andrea Morrow, Nina Amenta, Eric Delson, Stephen Frost, Deboshmita Ghosh, Zachary Klukkert, Gary Sawyer

Open Access Publishing Support Funded Articles

Diagenetic distortion can be a major obstacle to collecting quantitative shape data on paleontological specimens, especially for three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis. Here we utilize the recently -published algorithmic symmetrization method of fossil reconstruction and compare it to the more traditional reflection & averaging approach. In order to have an objective test of this method, five casts of a female cranium of Papio hamadryas kindae were manually deformed while the plaster hardened. These were subsequently “retrodeformed” using both algorithmic symmetrization and reflection & averaging and then compared to the original, undeformed specimen. We found that in all cases, algorithmic retrodeformation improved …

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“Me & My Brain”: Exposing NeuroscienceʼS Closet Dualism, Liad Mudrik, Uri Maoz Sep 2014

“Me & My Brain”: Exposing NeuroscienceʼS Closet Dualism, Liad Mudrik, Uri Maoz

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Our intuitive concept of the relations between brain and mind is increasingly challenged by the scientific world view. Yet, although few neuroscientists openly endorse Cartesian dualism, careful reading reveals dualistic intuitions in prominent neuroscientific texts. Here, we present the “double-subject fallacy”: treating the brain and the entire person as two independent subjects who can simultaneously occupy divergent psychological states and even have complex interactions with each other—as in “my brain knew before I did.” Although at first, such writing may appear like harmless, or even cute, shorthand, a closer look suggests that it can be seriously misleading. Surprisingly, this confused …

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The Association Of The Vanin-1 N131s Variant With Blood Pressure Is Mediated By Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation And Loss Of Function, Ya-Juan Wang, Bamidele O. Tayo, Anupam Bandyopadhyay, Heming Wang, Tao Feng, Nora Franceschini, Hua Tang, Jianmin Gao, Yun Ju Sung, The Cogent Bp Consortium, Robert C. Elston, Scott M. Williams, Richard S. Cooper, Ting-Wei Mu, Xiaofeng Zhu Sep 2014

The Association Of The Vanin-1 N131s Variant With Blood Pressure Is Mediated By Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation And Loss Of Function, Ya-Juan Wang, Bamidele O. Tayo, Anupam Bandyopadhyay, Heming Wang, Tao Feng, Nora Franceschini, Hua Tang, Jianmin Gao, Yun Ju Sung, The Cogent Bp Consortium, Robert C. Elston, Scott M. Williams, Richard S. Cooper, Ting-Wei Mu, Xiaofeng Zhu

Dartmouth Scholarship

High blood pressure (BP) is the most common cardiovascular risk factor worldwide and a major contributor to heart disease and stroke. We previously discovered a BP-associated missense SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)–rs2272996–in the gene encoding vanin-1, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane pantetheinase. In the present study, we first replicated the association of rs2272996 and BP traits with a total sample size of nearly 30,000 individuals from the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT) of African Americans (P = 0.01). This association was further validated using patient plasma samples; we observed that the N131S mutation is associated with significantly lower plasma vanin-1 …

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Quantitative Assessment Of Blood Coagulation By Cold Atmospheric Plasma, Caitlin Heslin, Daniela Boehm, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Michelle Laycock, Patrick J. Cullen, Paula Bourke Sep 2014

Quantitative Assessment Of Blood Coagulation By Cold Atmospheric Plasma, Caitlin Heslin, Daniela Boehm, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Michelle Laycock, Patrick J. Cullen, Paula Bourke

Articles

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is produced by ionizing a chosen gas, thereby creating charged and reactive species. The reactive species generated are capable of inducing a range of biomedically relevant interactions including blood coagulation. However, the underlying biochemical processes of plasma-assisted blood coagulation are largely unknown, and data quantifying blood clot formation or the impact of system parameters on the intensity of the blood clot are scarce. In this study, blood coagulation was quantified by measuring hemoglobin absorbance. System parameters of the kINPen plasma jet were investigated and compared, including treatment time, distance from the plasma source and gas flow …

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Role Of Vitamin A In Retinal Diseases, Rosalie K. Crouch, Masahiro Kono, Peter H. Tang Sep 2014

Role Of Vitamin A In Retinal Diseases, Rosalie K. Crouch, Masahiro Kono, Peter H. Tang

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Vitamin A has an essential role in vision in that it forms the photosensitive pigments that absorb light and initiate the visual process. However, vitamin A and its analogues also have critical roles in maintaining the structural integrity of the retina. Disruption of the metabolism of vitamin A results in several blinding diseases. This review focuses on our recent studies on the role of a protein critical to the processing of vitamin A, RPE65. The absence or dysfunction of this protein causes the childhood blinding disease Leber congenital amaurosis.

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A Rational Framework For Evaluating The Next Generation Of Vaccines Against Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis, John P. Bannantine, Murray E. Hines Ii, Luiz E. Bermudez, Adel M. Talaat, Srinand Sreevatsan, Judith R. Stabel, Yung-Fu Chang, Paul M. Coussens, Raúl G. Barletta, William C. Davis, Desmond M. Collins, Yrjö T. Gröhn, Vivek Kapur Sep 2014

A Rational Framework For Evaluating The Next Generation Of Vaccines Against Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis, John P. Bannantine, Murray E. Hines Ii, Luiz E. Bermudez, Adel M. Talaat, Srinand Sreevatsan, Judith R. Stabel, Yung-Fu Chang, Paul M. Coussens, Raúl G. Barletta, William C. Davis, Desmond M. Collins, Yrjö T. Gröhn, Vivek Kapur

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Since the early 1980s, several investigations have focused on developing a vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle and sheep. These studies used whole-cell inactived vaccines that have proven useful in limiting disease progression, but have not prevented infection. In contrast, modified live vaccines that invoke a Th1 type immune response, may improve protection against infection. Spurred by recent advances in the ability to create defined knockouts in MAP, several independent laboratories have developed modified live vaccine candidates by transcriptional mutation of virulence and metablolic genes in MAP. In order to accelerate …

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