Digital Commons Network^™

Therapeutic Hypothermia And Stent Thrombosis: A Nationwide Analysis., Neeraj Shah Md, Rahul Chaudhary Md, Kathan Mehta, Vratika Agarwal Md, Jalaj Garg Md, Ronald S. Freudenberger Md, Larry E. Jacobs Md, David A. Cox Md, Karl B. Kern Md, Nainesh C. Patel Md

Department of Medicine

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether "real-world" data supported the hypothesis that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) led to increased rates of stent thrombosis.

BACKGROUND: TH, which is often instituted after cardiac arrest (CA) to improve neurologic outcomes, alters pharmacokinetics of antiplatelet medications, leading to a theoretical risk of stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODS: CA patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing PCI were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2006 to 2011, with a defined primary outcome of stent thrombosis. The incidence of stent thrombosis in patients undergoing TH versus those not undergoing TH was compared using …

Protein Carbonylation Of An Amino Acid Residue Of The Na/K‐Atpase Α1 Subunit Determines Na/K‐Atpase Signaling And Sodium Transport In Renal Proximal Tubular Cells, Yanling Yan, Anna P. Shapiro, Brahma R. Mopidevi, Muhammad Chaudhry, Kyle Maxwell, Steven T. Haller, Christopher A. Drummond, David J. Keendey, Jiang Tian, Deepak Malhorta, Zijian Xie, Joseph I. Shapiro Md, Jiang Liu

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Background We have demonstrated that cardiotonic steroids, such as ouabain, signaling through the Na/K‐ATPase, regulate sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. By direct carbonylation modification of the Pro222 residue in the actuator (A) domain of pig Na/K‐ATPase α1 subunit, reactive oxygen species are required for ouabain‐stimulated Na/K‐ATPase/c‐Src signaling and subsequent regulation of active transepithelial ²²Na⁺ transport. In the present study we sought to determine the functional role of Pro222 carbonylation in Na/K‐ATPase signaling and sodium handling.

Methods and Results Stable pig α1 knockdown LLC‐PK1‐originated PY‐17 cells were rescued by expressing wild‐type rat α1 and rat α1 with …

Method And Phantom To Study Combined Effects Of In-Plane (X,Y) And Z-Axis Resolution For 3d Ct Imaging., David Goodenough, Josh Levy, Smari Kristinsson, Jesper Fredriksson, Hildur Olafsdottir, Austin Healy

Radiology Faculty Publications

Increasingly, the advent of multislice CT scanners, volume CT scanners, and total body spiral acquisition modes has led to the use of Multi Planar Reconstruction and 3D datasets. In considering 3D resolution properties of a CT system it is important to note that both the in-plane (x,y) and z-axis (slice thickness) influence the visual-ization and detection of objects within the scanned volume. This study investigates ways to consider both the in-plane resolution and the z-axis resolution in a single phantom wherein analytic or visualized analysis can yield information on these combined effects. A new phantom called the "Wave Phantom" is …

The Neu1-Selective Sialidase Inhibitor, C9- Butyl-Amide-Dana, Blocks Sialidase Activity And Neu1-Mediated Bioactivities In Human Lung In Vitro And Murine Lung In Vivo, Sang W. Hyun, Anguo Liu, Zhenguo Liu, Alan S. Cross, Avelino C. Verceles, Sadagopan Magesh, Yadagiri Kommagalla, Chandrababunaidu Kona, Hiromune Ando, Irina G. Luzina, Sergei P. Atamas, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Eric J. Sundberg, Wei Guang, Hideharu Ishida, Erik P. Lillehoj, Simeon E. Goldblum

Food for Health: Publications

Neuraminidase-1 (NEU1) is the predominant sialidase expressed in human airway epithelia and lung microvascular endothelia where it mediates multiple biological processes. We tested whether the NEU1-selective sialidase inhibitor, C9-butyl-amide-2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-Nacetylneuraminic acid (C9-BA-DANA), inhibits one or more established NEU1-mediated bioactivities in human lung cells. We established the IC50 values of C9-BA-DANA for total sialidase activity in human airway epithelia, lung microvascular endothelia and lung fibroblasts to be 3.74 µM, 13.0 µM and 4.82 µM, respectively. In human airway epithelia, C9-BA-DANA dose-dependently inhibited flagellin-induced, NEU1-mediated mucin-1 ectodomain desialylation, adhesiveness for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shedding. In lung microvascular endothelia, C9-BA-DANA reversed NEU1-driven restraint of …

Cyp2c44 Gene Disruption Exacerbated Pulmonary Hypertension And Heart Failure In Female But Not Male Mice, Sachindra R. Joshi, Anand Lakhkar, Vidhi Dhagia, Ariadne Zias, Vasiliki Soldatos, Kaori Oshima, Houli Jiang, Katherine Gotlinger, Jorge H Capdevila, Michal L. Schwartzman, Ivan F. Mcmurtry, Sachin A. Gupte

NYMC Faculty Publications

Epoxyeicosatrienoicacids (EETs), synthesized from arachidonic acid by epoxygenases of the CYP2C and CYP2J gene subfamilies, contribute to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in mice. Despite their roles in HPV, it is controversial whether EETs mediate or ameliorate pulmonary hypertension (PH). A recent study showed that deficiency of Cyp2j did not protect male and female mice from hypoxia-induced PH. Since CYP2C44 is a functionally important epoxygenase, we hypothesized that knockout of the Cyp2c44 gene would protect both sexes of mice from hypoxia-induced PH. We tested this hypothesis in wild-type (WT) and Cyp2c44 knockout (Cyp2c44 (-/-)) mice exposed to normoxia (room air) and …

Neural Control Of Tongue Movements Across Effort Levels, Megan Rovang, Angela M. Dietsch

UCARE: Research Products

Background

A hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a mismatch between the perceived effort and actual forces exerted during functional activities such as speech. Current evidence supports therapy to help reset this perception of effort, but the neurological underpinnings of such treatments are unclear. This study examined brain activity during tongue movements performed at varying levels of effort to determine (1) which brain areas are involved in each task, and (2) which areas, if any, scale in activation according to effort level. These results, considered with the neurological changes associated with PD, can be used to develop and refine treatment …

Peroxiredoxin Catalysis At Atomic Resolution, Arden Perkins, Derek Parsonage, Kimberly J. Nelson, O. Maduka Ogba, Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong, Leslie B. Poole, P. Andrew Karplus

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous cysteine-based peroxidases that guard cells against oxidative damage, are virulence factors for pathogens, and are involved in eukaryotic redox regulatory pathways. We have analyzed catalytically active crystals to capture atomic resolution snapshots of a PrxQ-subfamily enzyme (from Xanthomonas campestris) proceeding through thiolate, sulfenate, and sulfinate species. These analyses provide structures of unprecedented accuracy for seeding theoretical studies, and show novel conformational intermediates giving insight into the reaction pathway. Based on a highly non-standard geometry seen for the sulfenate intermediate, we infer that the sulfenate formation itself can strongly promote local unfolding of the active site to …

Benefits Of A Flexitarian Diet: Educating College Students Of Lifestyle Approaches To Reduce The Risk Of Developing Breast And Prostate Cancer, Abbigail Pace

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Practicing the Flexitarian diet, a plant-based diet, in conjunction with physical activity can promote a lifestyle consistent with the American Cancer Society’s recommendations for reducing risks of breast and prostate cancer (American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention, 2015) College students were assessed on knowledge of the relationship between diet and cancer risk prior to and after accessing information on the American Institute of Cancer Research site or the WKU Flexitarian Pinterest Page. Participants were recruited from the National Panhellenic and Interfraternity Council memberships and the International students at Western Kentucky University. Participants completed a …

Requirements For Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Type I-F Crispr-Cas Adaptation Determined Using A Biofilm Enrichment Assay, Gary E. Heussler, Jon L. Miller, Courtney E. Price, Alan J. Collins

Dartmouth Scholarship

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) systems are diverse and found in many archaea and bacteria. These systems have mainly been characterized as adaptive immune systems able to protect against invading mobile genetic elements, including viruses. The first step in this protection is acquisition of spacer sequences from the invader DNA and incorporation of those sequences into the CRISPR array, termed CRISPR adaptation. Progress in understanding the mechanisms and requirements of CRISPR adaptation has largely been accomplished using overexpression of cas genes or plasmid loss assays; little work has focused on endogenous CRISPR-acquired immunity from viral predation. …

Association Of A Pai-1 Gene Polymorphism And Early Life Infections With Asthma Risk, Exacerbations, And Reduced Lung Function, Seong H. Cho, Jin-Young Min, Dong Young Kim, Sam S. Oh, Dara R. Torgerson, Maria Pino-Yanes, Donglei Hu, Saunak Sen, Scott Huntsman, Celeste Eng, Harold J. Farber, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Denise Serebrisky, Shannon M. Thyne, Luisa N. Borrell, L. Keoki Williams, William Dupont, Max A. Seibold, Esteban G. Burchard, Pedro C. Avila, Rajesh Kumar

Publications and Research

Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is induced in airways by virus and may mediate asthmatic airway remodeling. We sought to evaluate if genetic variants and early life lower respiratory infections jointly affect asthma risk.

Methods We included Latino children, adolescents, and young adults aged 8–21 years (1736 subjects with physician-diagnosed asthma and 1747 healthy controls) from five U.S. centers and Puerto Rico after excluding subjects with incomplete clinical or genetic data. We evaluated the independent and joint effects of a PAI-1 gain of function polymorphism and bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) or other lower respiratory infections (LRI) within the …

Statistical Learning In Specific Language Impairment And Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis, Rita Obeid, Patricia J. Brooks, Kasey L. Powers, Kristen Gillespie-Lynch, Jarrad A. G. Lum

Publications and Research

Impairments in statistical learning might be a common deficit among individuals with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using metaanalysis, we examined statistical learning in SLI (14 studies, 15 comparisons) and ASD (13 studies, 20 comparisons) to evaluate this hypothesis. Effect sizes were examined as a function of diagnosis across multiple statistical learning tasks (Serial Reaction Time, Contextual Cueing, Artificial Grammar Learning, Speech Stream, Observational Learning, and Probabilistic Classification). Individuals with SLI showed deficits in statistical learning relative to age-matched controls. In contrast, statistical learning was intact in individuals with ASD relative to controls. Effect sizes did …

A Hypothesis For Using Pathway Genetic Load Analysis For Understanding Complex Outcomes In Bilirubin Encephalopathy, Sean M. Riordan, Douglas C. Bittel, Jean-Baptist Lepichon, Silvia Gazzin, Claudio Tiribelli, Jon F. Watchko, Richard P. Wennberg, Steven Shapiro

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

© 2016 Riordan, Bittel, Le Pichon, Gazzin, Tiribelli, Watchko, Wennberg and Shapiro.

Genetic-based susceptibility to bilirubin neurotoxicity and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) is still poorly understood. Neonatal jaundice affects 60-80% of newborns, and considerable effort goes into preventing this relatively benign condition from escalating into the development of kernicterus making the incidence of this potentially devastating condition very rare in more developed countries. The current understanding of the genetic background of kernicterus is largely comprised of mutations related to alterations of bilirubin production, elimination, or both. Less is known about mutations that may predispose or protect against CNS bilirubin neurotoxicity. …

Integrated Live Imaging And Molecular Profiling Of Embryoid Bodies Reveals A Synchronized Progression Of Early Differentiation., Jonathan Boxman, Naor Sagy, Sirisha Achanta, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, Iftach Nachman

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Embryonic stem cells can spontaneously differentiate into cell types of all germ layers within embryoid bodies (EBs) in a highly variable manner. Whether there exists an intrinsic differentiation program common to all EBs is unknown. Here, we present a novel combination of high-throughput live two-photon imaging and gene expression profiling to study early differentiation dynamics spontaneously occurring within developing EBs. Onset timing of Brachyury-GFP was highly variable across EBs, while the spatial patterns as well as the dynamics of mesendodermal progression following onset were remarkably similar. We therefore defined a 'developmental clock' using the Brachyury-GFP signal onset timing. Mapping snapshot …

Mitochondrial Akt Regulation Of Hypoxic Tumor Reprogramming., Young Chan Chae, Valentina Vaira, M. Cecilia Caino, Hsin-Yao Tang, Jae Ho Seo, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Luisa Ottobrini, Cristina Martelli, Giovanni Lucignani, Irene Bertolini, Marco Locatelli, Kelly G. Bryant, Jagadish C. Ghosh, Sofia Lisanti, Bonsu Ku, Silvano Bosari, Lucia R. Languino, David W. Speicher, Dario C. Altieri

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Hypoxia is a universal driver of aggressive tumor behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using a phosphoproteomics screen, we now show that active Akt accumulates in the mitochondria during hypoxia and phosphorylates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) on Thr346 to inactivate the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In turn, this pathway switches tumor metabolism toward glycolysis, antagonizes apoptosis and autophagy, dampens oxidative stress, and maintains tumor cell proliferation in the face of severe hypoxia. Mitochondrial Akt-PDK1 signaling correlates with unfavorable prognostic markers and shorter survival in glioma patients and may provide an "actionable" therapeutic target in cancer.

A Trial-By-Trial Window Into Sensorimotor Transformations In The Human Motor Periphery., Chao Gu, Daniel K Wood, Paul L Gribble, Brian D Corneil

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

UNLABELLED: The appearance of a novel visual stimulus generates a rapid stimulus-locked response (SLR) in the motor periphery within 100 ms of stimulus onset. Here, we recorded SLRs from an upper limb muscle while humans reached toward (pro-reach) or away (anti-reach) from a visual stimulus. The SLR on anti-reaches encoded the location of the visual stimulus rather than the movement goal. Further, SLR magnitude was attenuated when subjects reached away from rather than toward the visual stimulus. Remarkably, SLR magnitudes also correlated with reaction times on both pro-reaches and anti-reaches, but did so in opposite ways: larger SLRs preceded shorter …

Surveillance, Epidemiological, And Virological Detection Of Highly Pathogenic H5n1 Avian Influenza Viruses In Duck And Poultry From Bangladesh, Wahedul Karim Ansari, Md Safiullah Parvej, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Sally Jackson, Stephen A. Bustin, Adel K. Ibrahim, Md Tanvir Rahman, Han Zhang, Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan, Md Mostakin Ahamd, Md. Fasiur Rahman, Marzia Rahman, Khm Nazmul H. Nazir, Sultan Ahmed, Md Liakot Hossenn, Md Abdul Kafi, Mat Yamage, Nitish C. Debnath, Graba Ahmed, Hossam Ashour, Md Masoud, Ayman Noreddin, Md B. Rahman

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to pose a global threat. Waterfowl are the main reservoir and are responsible for the spillover of AIVs to other hosts. This study was conducted as part of routine surveillance activities in Bangladesh and it reports on the serological and molecular detection of H5N1 AIV subtype. A total of 2169 cloacal and 2191 oropharyngeal swabs as well as 1725 sera samples were collected from live birds including duck and chicken in different locations in Bangladesh between the years of 2013 and 2014. Samples were tested using virus isolation, serological tests and molecular methods of RT-PCR. …

The Effects Of Scarring On Face Recognition, Kevin J. Chan

Open Access Theses

The focus of this research is the effects of scarring on face recognition. Face recognition is a common biometric modality implemented for access control operations such as customs and borders. The recent report from the Special Group on Issues Affecting Facial Recognition and Best Practices for their Mitigation highlighted scarring as one of the emerging challenges. The significance of this problem extends to the ISO/IEC and national agencies are researching to enhance their intelligence capabilities. Data was collected on face images with and without scars, using theatrical special effects to simulate scarring on the face and also from subjects that …

The Genetic Hierarchy Of The Heterochronic Pathway In C. Elegans, Jennifer Tsialikas

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

The correct timing of developmental events is fundamental to the growth of every animal. The pathways that control developmental timing and cell-fate succession are complex and robust in a way that underscores this importance. In this work, I have shown how an early developmental regulator, LIN-14, acts to integrate the earliest aspects of development with the events that take place afterward. I have uncovered how microRNAs from two different families fit into the cascade of proteins and micro RNA regulation that defines the developmental timing pathway. Finally, my work has helped to uncover the dual-acting nature of two proteins in …

Clinical Detection Of Deletion Structural Variants In Whole-Genome Sequences., Aaron C. Noll, Neil A. Miller, Laurie D. Smith, Byunggil Yoo, Stephanie Fiedler, Linda D. Cooley, Laurel K. Willig, Josh E. Petrikin, Julie Cakici, John Lesko, Angela Newton, Kali Detherage, Isabelle Thiffault, Carol J. Saunders, Emily G. Farrow, Stephen F. Kingsmore

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Optimal management of acutely ill infants with monogenetic diseases requires rapid identification of causative haplotypes. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been shown to identify pathogenic nucleotide variants in such infants. Deletion structural variants (DSVs, >50 nt) are implicated in many genetic diseases, and tools have been designed to identify DSVs using short-read WGS. Optimisation and integration of these tools into a WGS pipeline could improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of WGS. In addition, it may improve turnaround time when compared with current CNV assays, enhancing utility in acute settings. Here we describe DSV detection methods for use in WGS for rapid …

Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase Activating Polypeptide Regulates Hunger- And Palatability-Induced Binge Eating, Matthew M. Hurley, Brian Maunze, Megan E. Block, Michael J. Reilly, Eugene Kim, Yao Chen, Yan Li, David A. Baker, Qing-Song Liu, Sujean Choi

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

While pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) signaling in the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei (VMN) has been shown to regulate feeding, a challenge in unmasking a role for this peptide in obesity is that excess feeding can involve numerous mechanisms including homeostatic (hunger) and hedonic-related (palatability) drives. In these studies, we first isolated distinct feeding drives by developing a novel model of binge behavior in which homeostatic-driven feeding was temporally separated from feeding driven by food palatability. We found that stimulation of the VMN, achieved by local microinjections of AMPA, decreased standard chow consumption in food-restricted rats (e.g., homeostatic feeding); surprisingly, …

Effects Of Prebiotics On Gut Bacterial Communities And Healing Of Induced Colitis In Mice, Krystyn Elizabeth Davis

Master's Theses

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and debilitating symptoms in those suffering from the diseases. After inducing colitis in a mouse model using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), prebiotics inulin and oligofructose enriched inulin (OEI) were used as treatments to determine their effects on the gut microbial community, physiological healing process, and immune response in the mice after initial inflammation and before subsequent inflammation, or relapse. The treatment with inulin led to an increase in regulatory T cell number, but this increase was not as significant as the increase induced by the OEI. Inulin increased the …

Loss Of Exogenous Androgen Dependence By Prostate Tumor Cells Is Associated With Elevated Glucuronidation Potential, Brenna M. Zimmer, Michelle E. Howell, Qin Wei, Linlin Ma, Trevor Romsdahl, Eileen G. Loughman, Jennifer E. Markham, Javier Seravalli, Joseph J. Barycki, Melanie A. Simpson

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Prostate epithelial cells control the potency and availability of androgen hormones in part by inactivation and elimination. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes the NAD⁺-dependent oxidation of UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate, an essential precursor for androgen inactivation by the prostate glucuronidation enzymes UGT2B15 and UGT2B17. UGDH expression is androgen stimulated, which increases the production of UDP-glucuronate, and fuels UGT-catalyzed glucuronidation. In this study, we compared the glucuronidation potential and its impact on androgen-mediated gene expression in an isogenic LNCaP model for androgen dependent versus castration resistant prostate cancer. Despite significantly lower androgen-glucuronide output, LNCaP 81 castration resistant tumor cells expressed higher …

Development And Implementation Of An Anthropomorphic Head & Neck Phantom For The Assessment Of Proton Therapy Treatment Procedures, Daniela Branco

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Proton therapy has been used to treat cancer for more than 50 years, and over the past decade, its use has grown rapidly. One of the main goals of modern radiation therapy is to deliver a high dose to the planning target volume (PTV) with minimal exposure and damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Protons offer a unique advantage over photon radiotherapy in that they deposit dose over a finite range, in contrast to the more gradual energy deposition of photon and electron beams. At present, 23 proton centers are in operation in the United States and another 13 centers …

Encapsulated Contrast Agent Markers For Mri-Based Post-Implant Dosimetry, Tze Yee Lim

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy involves the implantation of tiny radioactive seeds into the prostate to treat prostate cancer. The current standard post-implant imaging modality is computed tomography (CT). On CT images, the radioactive seeds can be distinctively localized but delineation of the prostate and surrounding soft tissue is poor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides better prostate and soft tissue delineation, but seed localization is difficult. To aid with seed localization, MRI markers with encapsulated contrast agent that provide positive-contrast on MRI images (Sirius MRI markers; C4 Imaging, Houston, TX) have been proposed to be placed adjacent to the negative-contrast seeds. This …

Neuroanatomical Maps And Taste Reactivity To Sweet, Umami, And Bitter Taste In The Pbn Of C57bl/6j Mice, Jennifer Marie Saputra

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Humans can distinguish at least five different taste qualities, sour, salty, bitter, sweet, and umami (the savory taste of certain amino acids). In neuroscience research, behavioral testing is used to measure the ability of rodents (including inbred mice) to discriminate between the different taste qualities. Taste reactivity and two-bottle preference are behavioral tests that are utilized to investigate different aspects of taste. These tests involve either voluntary or forced consumption of taste stimuli, respectively. Either test can be used to infer the preference and palatability of the stimulus consumed by an animal.

In order to understand the basis of taste …

Evaluating The Therapeutic Effect Of An Hsp90 Inhibitor In Mouse Models Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Bin Wang

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The excessive accumulation of amyloid peptides (Aβ) represents one major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is most notably characterized by synaptic dysfunction. Strategies targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibition have been widely investigated in the treatment of cancer for over two decades. Its application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases however, has emerged more recently in the last decade. The role of the Hsp90 chaperone in clearing misfolded protein aggregates has been well established (in vitro only), but its function in synaptic activity remains elusive.

In our study, we utilized a widely used Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-AAG …

Association Between Alcohol Screening And Brief Intervention During Routine Check-Ups And Alcohol Consumption Among Adults Living In California, Gene Kilian Wells

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Objective: Alcohol consumption accounts for 1 in 10 deaths among U.S. adults, and has cost upwards of $200 billion in a single year due to lost productivity. Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention (ASBI) was developed as a treatment approach for use in primary care to identify and reduce hazardous and harmful substance use behaviors among the general population. Although ASBI has proven to be successful, implementation rates remain low. Few studies have been conducted in Nevada to encourage or improve ASBI implementation in primary care. In order to better support Nevada policy decisions, this study investigates the proportion of ASBI …

The Discovery Of A Novel, Ras-Mediated Nore1a/Pmliv Tumor Suppressor Complex., Jessica Mezzanotte Sharpe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ras is the most commonly activated oncogene in human cancer. Activated Ras drives cell growth and proliferation by activating multiple mitogenic signaling pathways. However, Ras also has the paradoxical ability to promote anti-growth, pro-apoptotic, and pro-senescent signaling. The signaling pathways of many of these biological effectors remain poorly defined. One group of proteins capable of promoting Ras-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest is the RASSF family of tumor suppressors. Novel Ras Effector 1A, or NORE1A, was the first member of this family discovered and is a bona fide tumor suppressor that is lost or inactivated in a number of different …

Cytojournal Quiz Cases: Publishing Open-Access, Pubmed-Searchable Cytopathology Cases With Educational Messages, Katherine G. Akers, Vinod B. Shidham

Library Scholarly Publications

No abstract provided.

A Century Of Trends In Adult Human Height, Con Burns, Tara Coppinger

Publications

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3–19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people …