Digital Commons Network^™

Plasma Enzymatic Activity, Proteomics And Peptidomics In Covid-19-Induced Sepsis: A Novel Approach For The Analysis Of Hemostasis, Fernando Dos Santos, Joyce B Li, Nathalia Juocys, Rafi Mazor, Laura Beretta, Nicole G Coufal, Michael T Y Lam, Mazen F Odish, Maria Claudia Irigoyen, Anthony J O'Donoghue, Federico Aletti, Erik B Kistler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Infection by SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent COVID-19 can cause viral sepsis. We investigated plasma protease activity patterns in COVID-19-induced sepsis with bacterial superinfection, as well as plasma proteomics and peptidomics in order to assess the possible implications of enhanced proteolysis on major protein systems (e.g., coagulation). Methods: Patients (=4) admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Medical Center with confirmed positive test for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were enrolled in a study approved by the UCSD Institutional Review Board (IRB# 190699, Protocol #20-0006). Informed consent was obtained …

Sound Speed Estimation For Distributed Aberration Correction In Laterally Varying Media, Rehman Ali, Trevor M Mitcham, Melanie Singh, Marvin M Doyley, Richard R Bouchard, Jeremy J Dahl, Nebojsa Duric

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Spatial variation in sound speed causes aberration in medical ultrasound imaging. Although our previous work has examined aberration correction in the presence of a spatially varying sound speed, practical implementations were limited to layered media due to the sound speed estimation process involved. Unfortunately, most models of layered media do not capture the lateral variations in sound speed that have the greatest aberrative effect on the image. Building upon a Fourier split-step migration technique from geophysics, this work introduces an iterative sound speed estimation and distributed aberration correction technique that can model and correct for aberrations resulting from laterally varying …

Comparison Of Pharmacological Inhibitors Of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 In Glioblastoma Stem Cells Reveals Inhibitor-Specific Efficacy Profiles, Lea M Stitzlein, Achintyan Gangadharan, Leslie M Walsh, Deokhwa Nam, Alexsandra B Espejo, Melissa M Singh, Kareena H Patel, Yue Lu, Xiaoping Su, Ravesanker Ezhilarasan, Joy Gumin, Sanjay Singh, Erik Sulman, Frederick F Lang, Joya Chandra

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Improved therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) are desperately needed and require preclinical evaluation in models that capture tumor heterogeneity and intrinsic resistance seen in patients. Epigenetic alterations have been well documented in GBM and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) is amongst the chromatin modifiers implicated in stem cell maintenance, growth and differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 is clinically relevant, with numerous compounds in various phases of preclinical and clinical development, but an evaluation and comparison of LSD1 inhibitors in patient-derived GBM models is lacking.

METHODS: To assess concordance between knockdown of LSD1 and inhibition of LSD1 using a prototype inhibitor in …

Cannabis Use Disorder, Suicide Attempts, And Self-Harm Among Adolescents: A National Inpatient Study Across The United States, Adeolu Funso Oladunjoye, Elijah Li, Kammarauche Aneni, Edore Onigu-Otite

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Suicide is among the top three causes of adolescent mortality. There is a scarcity of research examining cannabis use and suicidal behavior in adolescents.

Objectives: To determine the association between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and suicide attempt/self-harm in a hospitalized sample of adolescents.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observation study using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample collected over four years from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2019. We included adolescents aged 10-19 hospitalized during the above period (N = 807,105). The primary outcome was suicide attempt/self-harm and the main predictor was CUD. The International Classification of Diseases …

Modulation Of Tlr4/Nf-Κb, Nrf2/Ho-1 And Pi3k/Akt Signaling By Cilostazol Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Septic Acute Kidney Injury, Ahmed F. Mohamed Dr., Helmy Said Dr, Hala F. Zaki, Marwa M. Safar Prof. Dr.

Pharmacy

Aim: Cilostazol was investigated as a protective agent against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-associated acute kidney damage in mice. Methods: Cilostazol (50 mg/kg/day; p.o.) administered for 7 consecutive days before a single LPS dose (2 mg/kg; i.p.). Results: Cilostazol hampered serum creatinine, cystatin C, and renal kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; repressed toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 transcription, as well as nuclear factor-kappa B p65, interleukin-1b, and malondialdehyde content; and boosted Nrf2 mRNA expression, hemeoxygenase-1 activity, and reduced glutathione content. This was synchronous with an upregulation of p-phosphoinositide 3-kinase and p-Akt expressions. Conclusion: Collectively, cilostazol prevented LPS renal injury, which …

Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) System In Health And Disease., Daniella Munezero

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cells rely on heat shock proteins (HSP) to facilitate and regulate the folding of the substrate proteins into their native state, and degradation if misfolding cannot be prevented. HSP90, a member of the HSP family, is a potential target for treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, several clinical trials for cancer treatment have been discontinued due to cell toxicity accompanying HSP90 inhibition. HSP90 has four distinct but structurally similar paralogs. HSP90 inhibitors target all the paralogs despite increasing proof of functional differences among the paralogs. Understanding the in vivo function of HSP90 and the role played by each paralog …

Entomophagy: Mealworm Protein In An Inpatient Hospital Setting (Engagement And Education To Rollout Entomophagy For Improved Nutrition), Caryl Showalter

Department of Entomology: Distance Master of Science Projects

The consumption of insects (entomophagy) is a well-practiced phenomenon in many parts of the world. Western societies, including the US, are among the few places that do not participate in this practice. However, entomophagy has the potential to ease nutritional burdens, globally. While many may believe that nutritional deficits are a relic of more economically challenging times or a problem specifically linked to the low economic countries, the truth is that any area can face this problem. This was made clear in the US during the coronavirus lockdown with an estimated doubling in food insecurity associated with a lack of …

Mites [Of Dogs And Cats], Susan E. Little, Roberto Cortinas

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Veterinary parasitology: 20,000-word article details recognition and treatments for mite infestations of dogs and cats. Mite species reviewed include:

Cheyletiella spp. (“Walking Dandruff”)

Demodex spp. (Hair Follicle Mites, Red Mange, Demodicosis, Demodectic Mange)

Sarcoptes scabiei (Itch Mite, Scabies, Sarcoptic Mange)

Notoedres cati (Feline Head and Neck Mange)

Otodectes cynotis (Ear Mites)

Pneumonyssoides caninum (Nasal Mite)

Lynxacarus radovskyi (Fur Mite, Hair Clasping Mite)

Trombiculid Mites (Chiggers, Red Bugs, Berry Bugs, Harvest Mites, Scrub Itch or Grass Itch Mites)

Discussions include Etiology and epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Treatment and prognosis, Immunity, Prevention, and Public health aspects.

Complete with 209 references.

More People, More Cats, More Parasites: Human Population Density And Temperature Variation Predict Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocyst Shedding In Free-Ranging Domestic And Wild Felids, Sophie Zhu, Elizabeth Vanwormer, Karen Shapiro

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite that can infect warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. Felids, the definitive hosts, drive T. gondii infections by shedding the environmentally resistant stage of the parasite (oocysts) in their feces. Few studies characterize the role of climate and anthropogenic factors in oocyst shedding among free-ranging felids, which are responsible for the majority of environmental contamination. We determined how climate and anthropogenic factors influence oocyst shedding in free-ranging domestic cats and wild felids using generalized linear mixed models. T. gondii oocyst shedding data from 47 studies were systematically reviewed and compiled for domestic cats and six …

Detection Of Mannheimia Haemolytica-Specific Igg, Igm And Iga In Sera And Their Relationship To Respiratory Disease In Cattle, Korakrit Poonsuk, Carita Kordik, Matthew M. Hille, Ting-Yu Cheng, William B. Crosby, Amelia R. Woolums, Michael L. Clawson, Carol G. Chitko-Mckown, Bruce Brodersen, John Dustin Loy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mannheimia haemolytica is one of the major causes of bovine respiratory disease in cattle. The organism is the primary bacterium isolated from calves and young cattle affected with enzootic pneumonia. Novel indirect ELISAs were developed and evaluated to enable quantification of antibody responses to whole cell antigens using M. haemolytica A1 strain P1148. In this study, the ELISAs were initially developed using sera from both M. haemolytica-culture-free and clinically infected cattle, then the final prototypes were tested in the validation phase using a larger set of known-status M. haemolytica sera (n = 145) collected from feedlot cattle. The test …

First Gene-Edited Calf With Reduced Susceptibility To A Major Viral Pathogen, Aspen M. Workman, Michael P. Heaton, Brian L. Vander Ley, Dennis A. Webster, Luke Sherry, Jonathan R. Bostrom, Sabrina Larson, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Gregory P. Harhay, Erin E. Jobman, Daniel F. Carlson, Tad S. Sonstegard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important viruses affecting the health and well-being of bovine species throughout the world. Here, we used CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair and somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce a live calf with a six amino acid substitution in the BVDV binding domain of bovine CD46. The result was a gene-edited calf with dramatically reduced susceptibility to infection as measured by reduced clinical signs and the lack of viral infection in white blood cells. The edited calf has no off-target edits and appears normal and healthy at 20 months of age without obvious …

Infection Of Feral Phenotype Swine With Japanese Encephalitis Virus, So Lee Park, Yan-Jang S. Huang, Amy C. Lyons, Victoria B. Ayers, Susan M. Hettenbach, D. Scott Mcvey, Leela E. Noronha, Kenneth R. Burton, Stephen Higgs, Dana L. Vanlandingham

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus and the leading cause of pediatric encephalitis in the Asian Pacific region. The transmission cycle primarily involves Culex spp. mosquitoes and Ardeid birds, with domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) being the source of infectious viruses for the spillover of JEV from the natural endemic transmission cycle into the human population. Although many studies have concluded that domestic pigs play an important role in the transmission cycle of JEV, and infection of humans, the role of feral pigs in the transmission of JEV remains unclear. Since domestic and …

Detection Of Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies In Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Exudates Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) From Nebraska, Usa, Korakrit Poonsuk, Duan S. Loy, Rachael Birn, Bryan Buss, Matthew Donahue, Todd Nordeen, Kylie Sinclair, Luke Meduna, Bruce Brodersen, John Dustin Loy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Disease surveillance testing for emerging zoonotic pathogens in wildlife is a key component in understanding the epidemiology of these agents and potential risk to human populations. Recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, and subsequent detection of this virus in wildlife, highlights the need for developing new One Health surveillance strategies. We used lymph node exudate, a sample type that is routinely collected in hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (WTD, Odocoileus virginianus) for surveillance of chronic wasting disease, to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. A total of 132 pairs of retropharyngeal lymph nodes collected from Nebraska WTD harvested in Nebraska, US, in 2019 …

The Persistence And Stabilization Of Auxiliary Genes In The Human Skin Virome, Ema H. Graham, Wesley A. Tom, Alison C. Neujahr, Michael Adamowicz, Jennifer Clarke, Joshua R. Herr, Samodha C. Fernando

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background The human skin contains a diverse microbiome that provides protective functions against environmental pathogens. Studies have demonstrated that bacteriophages modulate bacterial community composition and facilitate the transfer of host-specific genes, potentially influencing host cellular functions. However, little is known about the human skin virome and its role in human health. Especially, how viral-host relationships influence skin microbiome structure and function is poorly understood.

Results Population dynamics and genetic diversity of bacteriophage communities in viral metagenomic data collected from three anatomical skin locations from 60 subjects at five different time points revealed that cutaneous bacteriophage populations are mainly composed of …

Relationship Between Reproductive And Bone Biomarkers And Osteoarthritis In Zoo Asian (Elephas Maximus) And African (Loxodonta Africana) Elephants, Daniella E Chusyd, Janine L Brown, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie L Dickinson, Virginia B Kraus, Jessica Siegal-Willott, Timothy M Griffin, Janet L Huebner, Katie L Edwards, David B Allison, Steven N Austad

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Osteoarthritis (OA) is common in zoo Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants. This study investigated the relationship between confirmed or suspected OA with ovarian cyclicity, gonadotropins, progestagens, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and collagen type I (CTX-I) in zoo elephants. In Asian elephants, odds of having confirmed or suspected OA decreased with cycling (OR = 0.22, P = 0.016; OR = 0.29, P = 0.020, respectively), however, not when adjusted for age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, P = 0.112; OR = 0.58, P = 0.369, respectively). In African elephants, none of …

Conditioning On Parental Mating Types Can Reduce Necessary Assumptions For Mendelian Randomization, Keisuke Ejima, Nianjun Liu, Luis Miguel Mestre, Gustavo De Los Campos, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Mendelian randomization (MR) has become a common tool used in epidemiological studies. However, when confounding variables are correlated with the instrumental variable (in this case, a genetic/variant/marker), the estimation can remain biased even with MR. We propose conditioning on parental mating types (a function of parental genotypes) in MR to eliminate the need for one set of assumptions, thereby plausibly reducing such bias. We illustrate a situation in which the instrumental variable and confounding variables are correlated using two unlinked diallelic genetic loci: one, an instrumental variable and the other, a confounding variable. Assortative mating or population admixture can create …

Review On Molecular Genetic Basis Of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Derek Pok Him Lee

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common types of inherited cardiomyopathy with a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from subtle myocardial hypertrophy to debilitating heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. We reviewed the literature on the latest knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and molecular genetic basis of HCM. This will include laboratory studies on animal models and human pluripotent stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes and the theory of proximal mechanisms involving calcium handling and energy expenditure underlying HCM. The current review will also illustrate the pathogenicity of various associated genetic variants, genotype-phenotype correlation and the optimal approach to …

The Influence Of Personal Traits, Individual Behaviours And Population Health Determinants On The Epidemiology Of Facial Injury: Psychiatric Comorbidity, Substance Abuse, Sars Social Distancing Measures, Gary Russell Hoffman

Theses

ABSTRACT Introduction Injury can be defined as an act or event that causes harm, hurt or damage. It occurs as a result of the transfer of energy to living tissue. The biological response to such an insult is inflammation and is based on the activation of immune competent cells in tandem with alterations in vascular permeability. The process is orchestrated at a subcellular level by the release of immunomodulatory molecular mediators. T

he bones of the skull and face are the key determinant of human appearance. They form the framework to which other tissues are attached. The variability of facial …

Dean's Research Newsletter, January 2023, Jerry L. Nadler

SOM Dean's Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Combating Hypertension Beyond Genome-Wide Association Studies: Microbiome And Artificial Intelligence As Opportunities For Precision Medicine, Sachin Aryal, Ishan Manandhar, Xue Mei, Beng S Yeoh, Ramakumar Tummala, Piu Saha, Islam Osman, Jasenka Zubcevic, David J Durgan, Matam Vijay-Kumar, Bina Joe

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The single largest contributor to human mortality is cardiovascular disease, the top risk factor for which is hypertension (HTN). The last two decades have placed much emphasis on the identification of genetic factors contributing to HTN. As a result, over 1,500 genetic alleles have been associated with human HTN. Mapping studies using genetic models of HTN have yielded hundreds of blood pressure (BP) loci but their individual effects on BP are minor, which limits opportunities to target them in the clinic. The value of collecting genome-wide association data is evident in ongoing research, which is beginning to utilize these data …

Editorial: Molecular Mechanisms In Ocular Development And Disease, Rajalekshmy Shyam, Daisy Y Shu, Elizabeth Zuniga-Sanchez, Deepika Vasudevan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Targeting Bladder Cancer Cells By Cendr Peptides Specifically Recognized Neuropilin-1 Enhances Tumor Killing Efficacy Of Drug-Carrying Nanoparticles, Sotida Kayem

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Chemotherapy is still widely used for treating cancers including bladder cancer (BlCa), but it accompanies serious side effects. Therefore, a new targeted therapeutic approach that can precisely target and kill cancer cells but leave normal cells unharmed is required. Nanoparticles are widely studied as a potential tool for carrying out anticancer drugs and targeting cancer cells aiming at increasing the treatment efficiency. In this study, we aimed to fabricate human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA-NPs), load them with doxorubicin (DOX) and coat them on the particles’ surface with tumor-targeting peptides for selectively targeting BlCa cells. The tumor-targeting peptides used in this …

The Diagnostic Value Of Bispectral Index For Assessing Sleep Quality After Elective Surgery In Intensive Care Unit, Pongpol Sirilaksanamanon

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Sleep abnormality is common in the intensive care unit (ICU). Monitoring and improving sleep quality may help recovery and improve outcomes from a major illness. Although polysomnography is a gold standard for measuring sleep quality, routine use is impractical due to cost and complexity. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of an alternative monitor, the Bispectral Index (BIS), compared to polysomnography for evaluating the quality of postoperative sleep in the ICU. This was a prospective observational study. Enrolled patients were monitored with both BIS and polysomnography during the first night after surgery. Results: Thirty-three patients were enrolled. The …

Gene-Edited Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Macrophages For Enhancing Antibody-Dependent Anti-Cancer Response In Cancer Immunotherapy, Bongkotchanok Danrungcharoen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Macrophages are promising for cellular cancer immunotherapy due to their high penetration capability and ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment. They enhance the anti-cancer activity of therapeutic antibodies by mediating antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and cytotoxicity. Our study aims to develop engineered macrophages with enhanced antibody-mediated anti-cancer activity from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), providing a platform for multiple genome edits and scalable manufacturing. We introduced gene modifications into iPSCs using CRISPR-mediated HDR to generate human iPSC-derived macrophages (iMacs). First, we created a human iPSC line containing a mutant CD16 resistant to ADAM17 cleavage using CRISPR-mediated genome editing. Macrophages derived …

Prognostic Factors For Treatment Outcomes In Epilepsy Patients With Hippocampal Sclerosis In King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Pharanpong Taemeeyapradit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Study aimed to identify predictors and develop a guided prediction tool for persistent seizures in a large hippocampal sclerosis (HS) cohort to aid early referral for epilepsy surgery in at-risk patients. Materials and Methods: We studied patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS). We evaluated demographic data, seizure characteristics, and MRI findings to identify predictors of persistent seizures. Cumulative incidence function and competing risk analysis were used. A prediction tool for persistent seizures was developed based on significant predictors. Results: Of 568 TLE-HS patients. Five predictors of persistent seizures were identified: seizure frequency >50 times/month, psychiatric comorbidity, …

Effect Of Control Of Fluid Balance On Sleep Apnea In Peritoneal Dialysis With Volume Overload State: A Pre- And Post- Experimental Study, Seelwan Sathitratanacheewin

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Sleep apnea is prevalent in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Fluid overload and upper airway edema are suspected contributors, but the impact of fluid balance control on sleep apnea remains unexplored. We conducted a pre- and post-intervention study on 14 stable PD patients with volume overload. All underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) at baseline. A fluid balance control intervention was implemented. Successful intervention was defined as maintaining actual body weight within 1.5 kg of estimated dry weight and reducing overhydration fluid. The primary outcome was a change in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) assessed by polysomnography. Ten patients achieved …

The Effect Of High Dose Emblica Officinalis Fruit Powder On Cough Suppression During Advanced Diagnostic Bronchoscopy Compare To Dextromethorphan And Placebo: A Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial, Sarocha Phiphitsaengjan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

BACKGROUND Coughing during bronchoscopy related to patient’s discomfort and difficulty performing the procedure. EBUS bronchoscopy was found to be one of significant factors related to cough. Emblica officinalis (EO) is widely used as traditional herb, one of the effects is cough suppression and was found to be dose related. OBJECTIVES To study the efficacy of high-dose EO as oral premedication before EBUS bronchoscopy in cough suppression effect compared to dextromethorphan and placebo. METHODS Patients age 18 - 80 years old underwent EBUS bronchoscopy were randomized into 3 groups to take the drugs as premedication; EO 1500 mg, dextromethorphan (Dx) 60 …

ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการสัมผัสฝุ่นละอองขนาดไม่เกิน 2.5 ไมครอนกับโรคเบาหวานในกำลังพลกองทัพบกประเทศไทย, อภิสร ลอออรรถพงศ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ฝุ่นละอองที่มีขนาดเส้นผ่าศูนย์กลางไม่เกิน 2.5 ไมครอนเป็นปัญหาทางสิ่งแวดล้อมสำคัญที่ส่งผลต่อสุขภาพของประชากรทั่วโลก โดยทำให้เกิดผลกระทบต่อหลายระบบในร่างกาย เช่น ระบบไหลเวียนโลหิต ระบบหัวใจและหลอดเลือด ระบบทางเดินหายใจ ระบบต่อมไร้ท่อ แต่จากการศึกษาที่ผ่านมาผลกระทบจากการสัมผัสฝุ่นละออง PM2.5 กับโรคเบาหวาน ยังมีข้อมูลค่อนข้างจำกัดโดยเฉพาะในพื้นที่เอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างปริมาณการสัมผัสฝุ่นละออง PM2.5 กับระดับน้ำตาลในเลือด และอุบัติการณ์ของโรคเบาหวานในกำลังพลกองทัพบก โดยวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ด้วยสถิติ Mixed-effects parametric survival analysis (Weibull distribution) และ Multivariable linear mixed model โดยมีกำลังพลทหารจำนวนทั้งสิ้น 21,325 คน ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลพบความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง " PM2.5 พื้นฐาน " และ " PM2.5 ที่เปลี่ยนแปลง" กับอุบัติการณ์ของโรคเบาหวานประเภท 2 อย่างมีนัยสำคัญเมื่อเทียบกับควอไทล์ที่ 1 และ มีความสัมพันธ์กับระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดอย่างมีนัยสำคัญโดยเฉพาะ PM2.5 ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงจะชัดเจนมากกว่า PM2.5 พื้นฐาน

Sensitivity And Specificity Of Nanopore Sequencing For Detection Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus And Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis In Blood Culture Sample, Onjira Mangkalamanee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Nanopore sequencing enables rapid DNA/RNA analysis without amplification. Implementing this for point-of-care testing reduces time delays in traditional AST methods, potentially enhancing patient outcomes. We aim to evaluate the performance of Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing from positive blood culture for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility prediction in S. aureus and S. epidermidis by detecting the mecA gene. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study on individuals with positive blood cultures identifying S. aureus and S. epidermidis over a 12-month period from April 2023 to March 2024. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the blood culture specimens, and then sequenced in …

การศึกษาวิจัยแบบสุ่มเปรียบเทียบ ผลของการแนะนำและช่วยปรับการบริโภคคาร์โบไฮเดรตชนิดย่อยง่ายตามแต่ละบุคคล กับ คำแนะนำอาหารแบบดั้งเดิม ในผู้ป่วยโรคกรดไหลย้อน, กานต์เดชพงศ์ ศรีธัญรัตน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาในอดีตพบว่าการบริโภคคาร์โบไฮเดรตย่อยยากในผู้ป่วยโรคลำไส้แปรปรวนร่วมกับกรดไหลย้อนมีผลทำให้การคลายทำของหูรูดหลอดอาหารส่วนปลายมากขึ้นซึ่งเป็นกลไกหนึ่งของโรคกรดไหลย้อน และทำให้โรคกรดไหลย้อนมีอาการมากขึ้น ทางผู้วิจัยต้องการศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของการแนะนำการรับประทานอาหารคาร์โบไฮเดรตชนิดย่อยง่ายในผู้ป่วยโรคกรดไหลย้อน วิธีการดำเนินการวิจัย: ผู้ป่วยที่มีอาการจำเพาะต่อโรคกรดไหลย้อนอันได้แก่แสบร้อนหน้าอกหรือเรอเปรี้ยวที่มีความรุนแรงและความถี่ของตัวโรคผ่านการตอบแบบสอบถาม Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) มีคะแนนมากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ 3 หลังจากที่หยุดยาลดกรดชนิด Proton pump inhibitor เป็นเวลาอย่างน้อย 2 สัปดาห์ร่วมกับรับประทานอาหารคาร์โบไฮเดรตย่อยยากมากกกว่า 7หน่วยต่อสัปดาห์จะได้รับการแบ่งกลุ่มแบบสุ่มเป็น 2กลุ่ม ได้แก่ กลุ่มการแนะนำและช่วยปรับการบริโภคคาร์โบไฮเดรตชนิดย่อยง่ายตามแต่ละบุคคล(Structural Individual Low FODMAP Dietary Advice (SILFD+)) และ กลุ่มได้รับการแนะนำอาหารแบบดั้งเดิม Usual dietary advice (Usual advice) โดยจะคัดผู้ป่วยผู้ป่วยโรคลำไส้แปรปรวนร่วมออก ทั้งสองกลุ่มจะได้รับคำแนะนำตามมาตรฐานได้แก่ ลดน้ำหนักกรณีที่มีน้ำหนักเกิน หลีกเลี่ยงกับรับประทานอาหารมื้อดึก หลีกเลี่ยงการรับประทานอาหารที่กระตุ้นให้เกิดอาการ งดสูบบุหรี่ และนอนยกศีรษะสูงกรณีที่มีอาการช่วงเวลากลางคืน สำหรับในกลุ่ม SILFD+ จะได้รับคำแนะนำเพิ่มเติม ได้แก่ 1) ตรวจสอบรายการอาหารในช่วง 1สัปดาห์ก่อนเข้าร่วมการศึกษา 2) ตรวจสอบว่ามีรายการใดบ้างที่เป็นคาร์โบไฮเดรตชนิดย่อยยาก 3) แนะนำให้เปลี่ยนรายการคาร์โบไฮเดรตชนิดย่อยยากให้เป็นคาร์โบไฮเดรตชนิดย่อยง่าย จากนั้นติดตามการรักษาที่ 4สัปดาห์ เพื่อเปรียบเทียบทั้งสองกลุ่มโดยประเมินจาก ผู้ป่วยที่ตอบสนองต่อการรักษา (โดยกำหนดนิยามคือ มีความรุนแรงและความถี่ของตัวโรคผ่านการตอบแบบสอบถาม Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) มีคะแนนน้อยกว่า 3) คุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยผ่านแบบสอบถาม Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) และพารามิเตอร์จากการวัดความเป็นกรดและความต่างศักย์ที่หลอดอาหารส่วนปลายในช่วง 2ชั่วโมงหลังรับประทานอาหารเที่ยง ผลการศึกษา: ผู้ป่วยทั้งหมด 55ราย (ค่ามัธยฐานอายุ 52 (37-61) ปี เป็นผู้หญิง 41 ราย) เป็นกลุ่ม SILFD+ 29 ราย และกลุ่ม Usual advice 26 ราย ทั้งสองกลุ่มมีพื้นฐานความรุนแรงและความถี่ของโรคกรดไหลย้อน ปริมาณหน่วยคาร์โบไฮเดรตย่อยยากเท่ากัน หลังครบ 4สัปดาห์ผู้ป่วยทั้งสองกลุ่มมีอัตราส่วนของผู้ป่วยที่ตอบสนองต่อการรักษาของทั้งสองกลุ่มไม่มีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ(27.6% vs. 19.2%, p=0.47) …