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Letter To The Editor: Serum Amylase On Postoperative Day One Is A Strong Predictor Of Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Retrospective Cohort, Cengiz Ceylan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Adjunctive Use Of Laser Biostimulation With Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: A Split Mouth, Randomized, Case-Control Study In Diabetic And Nondiabetic Periodontitispatients, Funda Akansel, Umur Sakallioğlu, Müge Lütfi̇oğlu, Feyza Otan Özden, Adil Karadağ

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Laser biostimulation therapy (LBT) is suggested to have positive effects on periodontal healing. This study evaluatedLBT with nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic health (SH) conditions.Materials and methods: Thirty periodontitis patients (15 with DM and 15 with SH) were included in the study, which had a split-mouthdesign, by applying LBT in the mouth of the same systemic condition. Thus, 4 study groups were formed, as 1) NSPT – DM: NSPT alonein DM, 2) NSPT + LBT – DM: NSPT + LBT application in DM, 3) NSPT – SH: NSPT alone in SH, and 4) NSPT + …

Are Serum Thrombomodulin And Interleukin-8 Levels Associated With Disease Severity And Mortality In Critically Ill Children With Respiratory Failure?, Di̇lan Akgün Ünlü, Hazal Ceren Tuğrul, Selen Ceren Çakmak, Gürkan Atay, Seher Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Thrombomodulin (TM) is found on endothelial cell surfaces and increases in response to endothelial injury of different organs. Interleukin (IL)-8 regulates pulmonary inflammation. TM and IL-8 are candidate biological markers of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of the present study was to compare TM and IL-8 levels in pediatric patients with and without ARDS who received respiratory support and to determine their relationships with prognosis.Materials and methods: This was a prospective observational study of 55 patients who received respiratory support in the pediatric intensive care unit. Eighteen patients without active infection were defined as the control group. …

Diagnostic Value Of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor In Patients Suffering Neurosarcoidosis: A Systematic Review, Aditya Chanpura, Rajesh K Gupta, Shitiz K Sriwastava, Jan Rahmig

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Neurosarcoidosis is an inflammatory granulomatous disease. Up to 25% of occult sarcoidosis affecting the nervous system are only detected by autopsy. In addition, in recent years the suspicion arose that the soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor (sIL-2R) might be useful in differentiating between neurosarcoidosis and neurosarcoidosis-like diseases such as neurotuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, or cerebral lymphoma.

Objectives: Therefore, we aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational studies, and case-control studies evaluating sIL-2R levels in neurosarcoidosis patients.

Design: For this systematic review, a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases including EMBASE, The Web Of Science, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Google …

Perspective: The Evolution Of Hormones And Person Perception-A Quantitative Genetic Framework, Christopher I Gurguis, Tyler S Kimm, Teresa A Pigott

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Evolutionary biology provides a unifying theory for testing hypotheses about the relationship between hormones and person perception. Person perception usually receives attention from the perspective of sexual selection. However, because person perception is one trait in a suite regulated by hormones, univariate approaches are insufficient. In this Perspectives article, quantitative genetics is presented as an important but underutilized framework for testing evolutionary hypotheses within this literature. We note tacit assumptions within the current literature on psychiatric genetics, which imperil the interpretation of findings thus far. As regulators of a diverse manifold of traits, hormones mediate tradeoffs among an array of …

Intra-Decadal Increase In Globally-Spread Magallana Gigas In Southern California Estuaries, Marah L Wolfe, Chelsea M Bowers-Doerning, Anabell Espinosa, Ty Frantz, William J Hoese, Joann G Lam, Kailee R Lamp, Rachael A Lyons, Justin K Nguyen, Bryce D Keyes, Jada Smith, Holly L Suther, Meaghan Swintek, Juliann C Vannordstrand, Danielle C Zacherl

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction and establishment of non-indigenous species (NIS) has been accelerated on a global scale by climate change. NIS Magallana gigas' (formerly Crassostrea gigas') global spread over the past several decades has been linked to warming waters, specifically during summer months, raising the specter of more spread due to predicted warming. We tracked changes in density and size distribution of M. gigas in two southern California, USA bays over the decade spanning 2010-2020 using randomly placed quadrats across multiple intertidal habitats (e.g., cobble, seawalls, riprap) and documented density increases by 2.2 to 32.8 times at 7 of the 8 sites surveyed …

Measurement Of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine In Serum And Cerebrospinal Fluid Of Horses With Neuroaxonal Degeneration And Other Causes Of Proprioceptive Ataxia, Megan Palmisano, Jeaneen Kulp, Susan Bender, Darko Stefanovski, Mary Robinson, Amy Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Eight-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative damage evaluated in human neurodegenerative disease, has potential to correlate with postmortem diagnosis of neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (NAD/DM) in horses.

HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that 8-OHdG will be higher in CSF and serum from NAD/DM horses compared with horses with other neurologic diseases (CVSM, EPM) and a control group of neurologically normal horses. We also hypothesized that 8-OHdG will be higher in CSF compared with serum from NAD/DM horses.

ANIMALS: Fifty client-owned horses with postmortem diagnoses: 20 NAD/DM, 10 CVSM, 10 EPM, and 10 control horses. Serum and CSF samples were obtained between November …

Measurement Of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine In Serum And Cerebrospinal Fluid Of Horses With Neuroaxonal Degeneration And Other Causes Of Proprioceptive Ataxia, Megan Palmisano, Jeaneen Kulp, Susan Bender, Darko Stefanovski, Mary Robinson, Amy Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Eight-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative damage evaluated in human neurodegenerative disease, has potential to correlate with postmortem diagnosis of neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (NAD/DM) in horses.

HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that 8-OHdG will be higher in CSF and serum from NAD/DM horses compared with horses with other neurologic diseases (CVSM, EPM) and a control group of neurologically normal horses. We also hypothesized that 8-OHdG will be higher in CSF compared with serum from NAD/DM horses.

ANIMALS: Fifty client-owned horses with postmortem diagnoses: 20 NAD/DM, 10 CVSM, 10 EPM, and 10 control horses. Serum and CSF samples were obtained between November …

Geriatric Trauma Triage: Optimizing Systems For Older Adults-A Publication Of The American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma Geriatric Trauma Committee, Tanya Egodage, Vanessa P Ho, Tasce Bongiovanni, Jennifer Knight-Davis, Sasha D Adams, Jody Digiacomo, Elisabeth Swezey, Joseph Posluszny, Nasim Ahmed, Kartik Prabhakaran, Asanthi Ratnasekera, Adin Tyler Putnam, Milad Behbahaninia, Melissa Hornor, Caitlin Cohan, Bellal Joseph

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Geriatric trauma patients are an increasing population of the United States (US), sustaining a high incidence of falls, and suffer greater morbidity and mortality to their younger counterparts. Significant variation and challenges exist to optimize outcomes for this cohort, while being mindful of available resources. This manuscript provides concise summary of locoregional and national practices, including relevant updates in the triage of geriatric trauma in an effort to synthesize the results and provide guidance for further investigation.

METHODS: We conducted a review of geriatric triage in the United States (US) at multiple stages in the care of the older …

Large T Antigen Mediated Target Gene Replication Improves Site-Specific Recombination Efficiency, Zening Wang, Chuan Chen, Xin Ge

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

With advantages of high-fidelity, monoclonality and large cargo capacity, site-specific recombination (SSR) holds great promises for precise genomic modifications. However, broad applications of SSR have been hurdled by low integration efficiency, and the amount of donor DNA available in nucleus for SSR presents as a limiting factor. Inspired by the DNA replication mechanisms observed in double-stranded DNA virus SV40, we hypothesized that expression of SV40 large T antigen (TAg) can increase the copy number of the donor plasmid bearing an SV40 origin, and in consequence promote recombination events. This hypothesis was tested with dual recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) in suspension …

One-Step Production Of Fully Biotinylated And Glycosylated Human Fc Gamma Receptors, Minhyo Kang, Zening Wang, Xin Ge

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Initiating and regulating humoral immunity, Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) have been identified both as therapeutics and as drug targets, and thus production of biologically active FcγRs is highly demanded for biopharmaceutical development. Focusing on low-affinity FcγRs IIA (131H/R allotypes), IIB, and IIIA (176F/V), this study used human 293-F cells to achieve correct post-translational modifications (PTMs) including biotinylation, N-glycosylation, and disulfides. Approaches involving co-expression of FcγR-AviTag and Escherichia coli biotin ligase BirA, endoplasmic reticulum retention, stable and transient transfections, and optimization of transgene ratio were investigated. Protein electrophoresis under reducing and non-reducing conditions, enzymatic deglycosylation, streptavidin pull-down assays, and binding kinetic …

Proportional Sway-Based Electrotactile Feedback Improves Lateral Standing Balance, V S Raghav Hari Krishna, Jeonghee Kim, Shuo-Hsiu Chang, Yoonsuck Choe, Hangue Park

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Plantar cutaneous augmentation is a promising approach in balance rehabilitation by enhancing motion-dependent sensory feedback. The effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance has been mainly investigated in its passive form (e.g., textured insole) or on lower-limb amputees. In this study, we tested the effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance in its active form (i.e., electrical stimulation) for individuals with intact limbs.

METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated in the study and were instructed to maintain their balance as long as possible on the balance board, with or without electrotactile feedback evoked on the medial side of the heel, …

High Doses Of Caffeine-Induced Cerebral Infarction Leading To Partial Locked-In Syndrome In A Young Adult: A Novel Association?, Vijay Sinha, Loc Lam, Michael V Nguyen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: This is a case of a 30-year-old male with no prior medical conditions presented to the emergency department for presumed seizures after ingesting 900 mg of caffeine via pre-workout drinks and pills.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was described as having nearly 15 min of generalized seizure activity observed by emergency medical service, requiring midazolam. A head computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a possible thrombus, and further, CT angiography and CT perfusion confirmed a basilar artery occlusion. He was treated with tissue plasminogen activator and underwent thrombectomy achieving TICI grade 3 in the left posterior cerebral artery and TICI grade 2b …

Persistent Microbial Infections And Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis – An Insight Into Non-Typeable Haemophilus Influenza Pathogenesis, Anthony Shadid, Haydn E Rich, Hunter Devaughn, Aleksey Domozhirov, Marie-Françoise Doursout, Tingting Weng-Mills, Kristin L Eckel-Mahan, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Marcos I Restrepo, Pooja Shivshankar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is characterized by chronic inflammation and scarring of the lungs, of which idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most devastating pathologic form. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis leads to loss of lung function and eventual death in 50% of patients, making it the leading cause of ILD-associated mortality worldwide. Persistent and subclinical microbial infections are implicated in the acute exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. However, while epidemiological studies have highlighted pollutants, gastric aspirate, and microbial infections as major causes for the progression and exacerbation of IPF, the role of persistent microbial infections in the pathogenesis of IPF …

How Can We Treat If We Do Not Measure: A Systematic Review Of Neurogenic Bowel Objective Measures, Argy Stampas, Amisha Patel, Komal Luthra, Madeline Dicks, Radha Korupolu, Leila Neshatian, George Triadafilopoulos

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Guidelines fail to recommend objective measures to assist with treatment of neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) in spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objectives: The main objective was to review the literature to identify the objective measures used in all NBD populations and to present their results and any correlations performed to validated subjective measures.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed in accordance with PRISMA (2020) guidelines, including all records from January 2012 to May 2023 with MeSH terms like "neurogenic bowel" indexed in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Trials Register, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Abstracts were excluded …

Safety And Feasibility Of Paired Vagus Nerve Stimulation With Rehabilitation For Improving Upper Extremity Function In People With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Study Protocol For A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Nuray Yozbatiran, Gerard E Francisco, Radha Korupolu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Pairing vagus nerve stimulation with traditional rehabilitation therapies results in improved motor recovery in people with stroke. However, this approach has not yet been studied in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Motor recovery continues to be challenging after SCI, and there is a need for innovative research strategies to enhance motor recovery after SCI. Hence, this pilot randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and potential efficacy of pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with rehabilitation therapy to restore the motor function of the paretic upper limbs in people with cervical SCI.

Methods and analysis: In this …

Nlrp3 Activation Contributes To Memory Impairment In An Experimental Model Of Pneumococcal Meningitis, Jaqueline S Generoso, Cristiano Julio Faller, Allan Collodel, Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão, Diogo Dominguini, Fabricia Petronilho, Tatiana Barichello, Vijayasree V Giridharan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Bacterial meningitis is considered a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates. In response to the infection, signaling cascades, producing pro-inflammatory mediators trigger an exacerbated host immune response. Another inflammatory pathway occurs through the activation of inflammasomes. Studies highlight the role of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in central nervous system disorders commonly involved in neuroinflammation. We aimed to investigate the role of NLRP3 and its inhibitor MCC950 on neurochemical, immunological, and behavioral parameters in the early and late stages of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. For this, adult male Wistar rats received an intracisternal injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae or …

Acute Exposure To Diisopropylfluorophosphate In Mice Results In Persistent Cognitive Deficits And Alterations In Senescence Markers In The Brain, Alvin V Terry, Wayne D Beck, Victoria Zona, Yutaka Itokazu, Ashutosh Tripathi, Amit Kumar Madeshiya, Anilkumar Pillai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Organophosphates (OPs) are found in hundreds of important products used worldwide; however, they have been associated with adverse long-term health consequences ranging from neurodevelopmental deficits to age-related neurological diseases. OP exposure has also been implicated in Gulf War Illness; a cluster of medically unexplained chronic symptoms estimated to affect 25-32% of veterans of the Persian Gulf war in 1991. The development of multiple types of chronic illnesses in these veterans at an early age compared to the general population has led to the suggestion that they are experiencing signs of premature or accelerated aging. The process of cellular senescence and …

Quantification Of Gastric Muscle Interstitial Cells Of Cajal In Individuals With And Without Gastroparesis: A Pilot Study, Shazia Rashid, Michelle Neice, Hailey Canezaro, Victoria Andrus, Maryam Mubashir, Syed Musa Raza, James Traylor, Hidehiro Takei, Qiang Cai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Combining Neuroimaging And Brain Stimulation To Test Alternative Causal Pathways For Nicotine Addiction In Schizophrenia, Xiaoming Du, Fow-Sen Choa, Joshua Chiappelli, Heather Bruce, Mark Kvarta, Ann Summerfelt, Yizhou Ma, William T Regenold, Kevin Walton, George F Wittenberg, Stephanie Hare, Si Gao, Andrew Van Der Vaart, Zhiwei Zhao, Shuo Chen, Peter Kochunov, L Elliot Hong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The smoking rate is high in patients with schizophrenia. Brain stimulation targeting conventional brain circuits associated with nicotine addiction has also yielded mixed results. We aimed to identify alternative circuitries associated with nicotine addiction in both the general population and schizophrenia, and then test whether modulation of such circuitries may alter nicotine addiction behaviors in schizophrenia. In Study I of 40 schizophrenia smokers and 51 non-psychiatric smokers, cross-sectional neuroimaging analysis identified resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and multiple extended amygdala regions to be most robustly associated with nicotine addiction severity in healthy controls and …

Intranasal Sensitization Model Of Alopecia Areata Using Pertussis Toxin As Adjuvant, Yuying Liu, Jasmin Freeborn, Beanna Okeugo, Shabba A Armbrister, Zeina M Saleh, Ana Beatriz Fadhel Alvarez, Thomas K Hoang, Evelyn S Park, John William Lindsey, Ronald P Rapini, Steven Glazer, Keith Rubin, Jon Marc Rhoads

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Nasopharyngeal Bordetella pertussis (BP) colonization is common, with about 5% of individuals having PCR evidence of subclinical BP infection on nasal swab, even in countries with high vaccination rates. BP secretes pertussis toxin (PTx). PTx is an adjuvant commonly used to induce autoimmunity in multiple animal models of human disease. Colocalization of PTx and myelin from myelinated nerves in the nasopharynx may lead to host sensitization to myelin with subsequent autoimmune pathology.

Methods: C57BL/6J female adult mice were given varied doses and schedules of intranasal PTx, MOG35-55 antigen, or controls to test whether intranasal administration of PTx and myelin …

Differential Regulation Of Tissue-Resident And Blood-Derived Macrophages In Models Of Autoimmune And Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury, Alina Sprenger-Svačina, Martin K R Svačina, Tong Gao, Rodney M Ritzel, Louise D Mccullough, Kazim A Sheikh, Gang Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The current study focuses on understanding the functional role of different subsets of endoneurial macrophages in autoimmune polyneuropathies (AP) and traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI), which holds potential for clinical application. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the diverse origins of macrophages within peripheral nerves. However, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how endoneurial macrophages from different origins affect disease progression in AP versus TPNI.

Methods: Flow cytometry was utilized to analyze macrophage phenotypes, including polarization states, cytokine production, and myelin phagocytosis in animal models of AP and TPNI. This study focuses on two distinct origins …

High Wall Shear Stress-Dependent Podosome Formation In A Novel Murine Model Of Intracranial Aneurysm, Jiayi Lu, Mengjun Dai, Yuanqing Yan, Louise D Mccullough, Yan-Ning Rui, Zhen Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

High wall shear stress (HWSS) contributes to intracranial aneurysm (IA) development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, in part due to the lack of robust animal models that develop IAs in a HWSS-dependent manner. The current study established a new experimental IA model in mice that was utilized to determine HWSS-triggered downstream mechanisms. By a strategic combination of HWSS and low dose elastase, IAs were induced with a high penetrance in hypertensive mice. In contrast, no IAs were observed in control groups where HWSS was absent, suggesting that our new IA model is HWSS-dependent. IA outcomes were assessed by …

Hypoxia-Adenosine Axis As Therapeutic Targets For Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Katherine Figarella, Jieun Kim, Wei Ruan, Tingting Mills, Holger Klaus Eltzschig, Xiaoyi Yuan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The human respiratory and circulatory systems collaborate intricately to ensure oxygen delivery to all cells, which is vital for ATP production and maintaining physiological functions and structures. During limited oxygen availability, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are stabilized and play a fundamental role in maintaining cellular processes for hypoxia adaptation. First discovered during investigations of erythropoietin production regulation, HIFs influence physiological and pathological processes, including development, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. HIFs promote extracellular adenosine signaling by enhancing adenosine generation and receptor signaling, representing an endogenous feedback mechanism that curbs excessive inflammation, supports injury resolution, and enhances hypoxia tolerance. This is especially …

In Sickness And In Health-Type I Interferon And The Brain, Wei Cao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Type I interferons (IFN-I) represent a group of pleiotropic cytokines renowned for their antiviral activity and immune regulatory functions. A multitude of studies have unveiled a critical role of IFN-I in the brain, influencing various neurological processes and diseases. In this mini-review, I highlight recent findings on IFN-I's effects on brain aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. The multifaceted influence of IFN-I on brain health and disease sheds light on the complex interplay between immune responses and neurological processes. Of particular interest is the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis, which extensively participates in brain aging and various forms …

Systemic Treatment Of Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa With Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Scoping Review Of The Literature And Conclusions For Future Clinical Research, Elke Niebergall-Roth, Kathrin Dieter, Markus H. Frank, Mark A. Kluth

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to facilitate regenerative responses in inflamed and injured tissues, coupled with preclinical data suggesting potential to restore defective collagen VII at the dermo-epidermal junction, has raised the hope that MSCs may provide an effective disease-modifying therapy for patients suffering from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Methods: We present a descriptive analysis of the clinical research on systemic MSC administration to RDEB patients available in PubMed, including six early-phase studies and one case report, involving 59 patients who received 1–3 intravenous infusions of MSCs from various sources. Results: Based on 133 MSC infusions, …

Role Of Short Chain Fatty Acids On Astrocytes And Microglia In Alzheimer's Disease Brain, Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Uththara Sachinthanie Senarath, Matthew Burton, Welisarage Mary Kendrea Thiasangee Fernando, Vijay Jayasena, Charles Brennan, Wanakulasuriya Mary Ann Dipika Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) hold exert many nutritional benefits on both physiological and pathological processes, including host metabolism, immune modulation, and appetite control. Originating from the microbial fermentation of resistant starches and dietary fibre in the colon, SCFAs have the capability to traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB). It is evident that SCFAs play a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia and is characterised by the deposition of amyloid β peptides (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation. SCFAs have demonstrated the potential to interfere with the protein–protein interactions …

Variations In The Germinal Center Response Revealed By Genetically Diverse Mouse Strains, Anne Marie Aubin, Daria Vdovenko, Roxanne Collin, Lois Balmer, Lise Coderre, Grant Morahan, Félix Lombard-Vadnais, Sylvie Lesage

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The humoral response is complex and involves multiple cellular populations and signaling pathways. Bacterial and viral infections, as well as immunization regimens, can trigger this type of response, promoting the formation of microanatomical cellular structures called germinal centers (GCs). GCs formed in secondary lymphoid organs support the differentiation of high-affinity plasma cells and memory B cells. There is growing evidence that the quality of the humoral response is influenced by genetic variants. Using 12 genetically divergent mouse strains, we assessed the impact of genetics on GC cellular traits. At steady state, in the spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, we …

Fluid Biomarkers In Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Seyed M. Savar, Bin Ma, Eugene Hone, Farzana Jahan, Shaun Markovic, Steve Pedrini, Soudabeh Shemehsavar, Vandhana Easwaran, Kevin Taddei, Samantha Gardener, Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, Ellis S. Van Etten, Matthias J. P. Van Osch, Daniel Clarke, Anastazija Gnjec, Mark A. Van Buchem, Marieke J. H. Wermer, Graeme J. Hankey, Steven M. Greenberg, Ralph N. Martins, Hamid R. Sohrabi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a type of cerebrovascular disorder characterised by the accumulation of amyloid within the leptomeninges and small/medium-sized cerebral blood vessels. Typically, cerebral haemorrhages are one of the first clinical manifestations of CAA, posing a considerable challenge to the timely diagnosis of CAA as the bleedings only occur during the later disease stages. Fluid biomarkers may change prior to imaging biomarkers, and therefore, they could be the future of CAA diagnosis. Additionally, they can be used as primary outcome markers in prospective clinical trials. Among fluid biomarkers, blood-based biomarkers offer a distinct advantage over cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers …

Excitatory Drive To Spinal Motoneurones Is Necessary For Serotonin To Modulate Motoneurone Excitability Via 5-Ht2 Receptors In Humans, Tyler T. Henderson, Janet L. Taylor, Jacob R. Thorstensen, Justin J. Kavanagh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Serotonin modulates corticospinal excitability, motoneurone firing rates and contractile strength via 5-HT2 receptors. However, the effects of these receptors on cortical and motoneurone excitability during voluntary contractions have not been explored in humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how 5-HT2 antagonism affects corticospinal and motoneuronal excitability with and without descending drive to motoneurones. Twelve individuals (aged 24 ± 4 years) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, whereby the 5-HT2 antagonist cyproheptadine was administered. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered to the motor cortex to produce motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and electrical stimulation at the cervicomedullary …