Digital Commons Network^™

Population Amalgamation And Genetic Variation: Observations On Artificially Agglomerated Tribal Populations Of Central And South America, R Chakraborty, P E Smouse, J V Neel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The interpretation of data on genetic variation with regard to the relative roles of different evolutionary factors that produce and maintain genetic variation depends critically on our assumptions concerning effective population size and the level of migration between neighboring populations. In humans, recent population growth and movements of specific ethnic groups across wide geographic areas mean that any theory based on assumptions of constant population size and absence of substructure is generally untenable. We examine the effects of population subdivision on the pattern of protein genetic variation in a total sample drawn from an artificial agglomerate of 12 tribal populations …

Phloretin And Phlorizin Derivative Containing Compounds, Donald F. Diedrich, Susanne L. Diedrich

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Patents

Compounds including phloretin and/or phlorizin derivatives coupled to an undigestible and non-absorbable matrix are provided. The compounds have pharmacological efficacies. They inhibit sugar uptake from the intestine and may be used in composition form in methods for treating diabetes and for promoting weight loss. A method for the manufacture of these compounds and a novel intermediate phlorizin derivative for making these compounds are also disclosed.

K+ Efflux In Nih Mouse 3t3 Cells And Transformed Derivatives: Dependence On Extracellular Ca2+ And Phorbol Esters., Martin Lubin

Dartmouth Scholarship

In culture medium deficient in Ca2+, NIH mouse 3T3 cells lose K+, gain Na+, and stop growing. A marked increase in the rate of K+ efflux accounts for this loss; Na+, K+-ATPase pump activity increases but does not fully compensate for enhanced K+ efflux. Phorbol esters and cycloheximide inhibit K+ loss in Ca2+-deficient medium. Phorbol esters inhibit K+ efflux from human fibroblasts as well, even at physiological levels of Ca2+. Two cell lines derived from NIH-3T3, one transformed by a simian virus 40 deletion mutant, the other by the polyoma virus oncogene encoding the middle-sized tumor antigen, retain K+ and …

The Role Of Homeostatic Imbalance In The Reported Immunomodulation Of T-2 Toxin, Michael Jay Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

T-2 toxin (T-2), produced by the genus Fusarium, is a cytotoxic trichothecene mycotoxin, a feed contaminant, and has been shown to be immunomodulatory. It is suspected that T-2-associated immunomodulation is mediated partly through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The presence of endotoxin, a bacterial product capable of activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as the levels of several hormones, also associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, were determined in both vehicle- and toxin-treated animals. Endotoxemia was evident twenty-four hours after a single oral exposure to T-2. Blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, parameters of the stress response, also increased …

1988 Spring No. 16, School Of Medicine Office Of Alumni Affairs

Medicinews

LSU Medicinews Number 16 Spring 1988 was edited by Russell C. Klein, and published by the LSU School of Medicine Office of Alumni and Continuing Education Services.

This issue consists of 24 pages.

Parentage Analysis With Genetic Markers In Natural Populations I The Expected Proportion Of Offspring With Unambiguous Paternity, R Chakraborty, T R Meagher, P E Smouse

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Recent studies indicate that polymorphic genetic markers are potentially helpful in resolving genealogical relationships among individuals in a natural population. Genetic data provide opportunities for paternity exclusion when genotypic incompatibilities are observed among individuals, and the present investigation examines the resolving power of genetic markers in unambiguous positive determination of paternity. Under the assumption that the mother for each offspring in a population is unambiguously known, an analytical expression for the fraction of males excluded from paternity is derived for the case where males and females may be derived from two different gene pools. This theoretical formulation can also be …

Policy For Identifying And Assessing The Health Risks Of Toxic Substances, Maine Bureau Of Health

Maine Collection

Policy for Identifying and Assessing the Health Risks of Toxic Substances

by Norman T. Anderson, Environmental Toxicology Program, Division of Disease Control, Bureau of Health (February, 1988).

Contents: Section I: Introduction / Section II: Methods / Section III: Exposure Assessment / Section IV: Hazard Identification / Section V: Hazard Assessment / Section VI: Risk Characterization / List of Figures / List of Tables

Identification Of The Binding Subunit Of The Sigma-Type Opiate Receptor By Photoaffinity Labeling With 1-(4-Azido-2-Methyl[6-3h]Phenyl)-3-(2-Methyl[4,6-3h]Phenyl)Guanidine, Michael Kavanaugh, Barbara C. Tester, Michael W. Scherz, John F. W. Keana, Eckard Weber

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The sigma-type opiate receptor is a distinct binding site in the brain that may mediate some of the psychotomimetic effects caused by benzomorphan opiates and phencyclidine in humans. We have developed a synthetic, highly selective ligand for this receptor, 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG). To identify the binding protein(s) of the sigma receptor, we have now synthesized a radiolabeled azide derivative of DTG, 1-(4-azido-2-methyl[6-3H]phenyl)-3-(2-methyl[4,6-3H]phenyl)-guanidine ([3H]N3DTG). In guinea pig brain membrane binding assays conducted in the dark, [3H]N3DTG bound reversibly, selectively, and with high affinity (Kd = 10 nM) to sigma receptors. The drug specificity profile of reversible [3H]-N3DTG binding was identical to that …

Biotechnology And The Law: Social Responsibility V. Freedom Of Scientific Inquiry?, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

At American University in Washington, D.C., on November 20, 1973, Julius Stone presented the tenth annual Mooers Lecture, entitled, "Knowledge, Survival, and the Duties of Science."' The central question and thesis that he propounded could and, indeed, should be raised anew today; they form the very core of the province and function of law, science, and medicine. In our brave new world they point to the leeways of choice and patterns of discourse that exist in grappling with the central issue of social responsibility in scientific inquiry. Perhaps they will assist in forging a consensus opinion for a subsequent course …

Neurokinin Regulation Of Midbrain Raphe Neurons: A Behavioral And Anatomical Study, Joseph Paris

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Properties Of Anti-Lyb-2-Mediated B-Cell Activation And The Relationship Between Lyb-2 Molecules And Receptors For B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1 On Murine B Lymphocytes, Subbarao Bondada, Joan Morris, A. R. Baluyut

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The murine B-cell differentiation antigen Lyb-2 has been shown to be involved in B-lymphocyte activation and has been postulated by some to be related to a receptor for B-cell stimulatory factor I (BSF-1) (H. Yakura et al., J. Immunol. 137, 1475, 1986). Here we have demonstrated that monoclonal antibody (mAB) to Lyb-2 resembles BSF-1 in its ability to activate small resting B cells and enhancement of surface Ia. Anti-Lyb-2 antibodies bound B cells with very high avidity and were able to induce mobilization of cytosolic-free calcium. Anti-Lyb-2 mAB differs from BSF-1 in that BSF-1 but not anti-Lyb-2 is able to …

Impaired Autoreactive T Cell-Induced T Cell-T Cell Interaction In Aged Mice, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Subbarao Bondada, Aruna Seth, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash S. Nagarkatti

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Self-Ia-reactive (autoreactive) L3T4⁺ T cell clones have been shown earlier to stimulate the proliferation of syngeneic naive L3T4⁺ T cells and initiate a T cell-T cell (T-T) interaction leading to the generation of immunoregulatory circuits. Since aging has been shown to be associated with a decline of the immune responsiveness, age-related alterations in the T-T interaction was investigated in the present study. Using several I-E^d-specific autoreactive T cell clones isolated from 2- to 3-month-old (young) DBA/2 mice as stimulators, it was observed that L3T4⁺ T cells from 22- to 24-month-old (aged) DBA/2 mice, failed to …

Improved Selective Medium For The Isolation Of Treponema Hyodysenteriae, Robert A. Kunkle, J. M. Kinyon

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

An agar medium with improved selection for Treponema hyodysenteriae was developed. Cultures of T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens, feces from 11 clinically normal pigs, and colonic contents from 6 pigs with gross lesions consistent with swine dysentery were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline and plated on Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) with 5% citrated bovine blood (TSA), TSA with 400 ,ug of spectinomycin per ml (TSA-S400), TSA-S400 with 25 ,ug each of colistin and vancomycin per ml, and TSA with 5% pig feces extract and five antimicrobial agents (spiramycin, rifampin, vancomycin, colistin, and spectinomycin) (BJ). Viable numbers …

1988 Winter No. 18, School Of Medicine Office Of Alumni Affairs

Medicinews

LSU Medicinews Number 18 Winter1988-89 was edited by Russell C. Klein, and published by the LSU School of Medicine Office of Alumni and Continuing Education Services.

This issue consists of 28 pages.

An Anatomical And Physiological Investigation Of Hippocampal Connections Involved In Cardiovascular Control, Kenneth Gary Ruit

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

An Identified Histaminergic Neuron Can Modulate The Outputs Of Buccal-Cerebral Interneurons In Aplysia Via Presynaptic Inhibition, Hillel J. Chiel

Faculty Scholarship

We have identified 2 buccal-cerebral interneurons (BCIs), B17 and B18, that appear to be involved in the coordination of feeding behavior in Aplysia. The BCIs have their cell bodies in the buccal ganglion, but send axons to the cerebral ganglion via the cerebral-buccal connectives. The BCIs appear to make monosynaptic connections with neurons in the cerebral ganglion that modulate extrinsic muscles involved in feeding behavior. B17 and B18 are activated antiphasically during a motor program induced by stimulating the esophageal nerve and appear to 'read out' different phases of the buccal program to different cells in the cerebral ganglion. B17 …

Hyperosmotic Modification Of Brain Extracellular Space And Blood-Brain Barrier In The Rat As Observed By Electron Microscopy, Susan A. Meacham

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The highly selective permeability of cerebral blood vessels, termed the blood-brain barrier, is due to endothelial tight junctions (zonulae occludentes). Hyperosmotic solutions reversibly open the blood-brain barrier. The purpose of this study is to determine the immediate effect of hyperosmotic arabinose perfusion upon the cerebrovascular endothelium, the morphology of the cerebral cortex, and the cortical extracellular space.

Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into three groups of four animals each: control, intermediate, and extreme. Controls were perfused with a Tyrode's solution prewash followed by trialdehyde fixative. The intermediate group received a prewash of 740 mmol/kg arabinose followed by the …

Molecular Cloning And Sequence Analysis Of The Plasmodium Falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase-Thymidylate Synthase Gene., David J. Bzik, Wu-Bo Li, Toshihiro Horii, Joseph Inselburg

Dartmouth Scholarship

Genomic DNA clones that coded for the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS) (DHFR-TS) activities from a pyrimethamine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum were isolated and sequenced. The deduced DHFR-TS protein contained 608 amino acids (71,682 Da). The coding region for DHFR-TS contained no intervening sequences and had a high A + T content (75%). The DHFR domain, in the amino-terminal portion of the protein, was joined by a 94-amino acid junction sequence to the TS domain in the carboxyl-terminal portion of the protein. The TS domain was more conserved than the DHFR domain and both P. falciparum domains …

Compositions And Method Of Treatment For Sickle Cell Anemia, Donald F. Diedrich, Christopher L. Maynard

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Patents

The invention provides a new composition and method for the treatment of sickle cell anemia. . . .

To see the remainder of this abstract, please download this patent.

1987 Spring No. 13, School Of Medicine Office Of Alumni Affairs

Medicinews

LSU Medicinews Number 13 Spring 1987 was edited by Russell C. Klein, and published by the LSU School of Medicine Office of Alumni and Continuing Education Services.

This issue consists of 24 pages.

Comparison Of Virulent And Avirulent Legionella Pneumophila And Evaluation Of Fish As A Potential Environmental Reservoir/Experimental Model, Sandra Reading Sommer

Theses and Dissertations

Legionella pneumophila was first recognized as a cause of human pneumonia in 1976 . Since then, much has been learned about the microbiology, pathophysiology and epidemiology of this organism. The features which permit one strain but not another to invade human lung tissue and produce disease remain incompletely understood. This study e valuated several attributes of a virulent and an avirulent strain of L. pneumophila in an attempt to identify characteristics which would distinguish the two. Evaluation of a new medium, buffered egg yolk agar, showed that virulence was maintained after 26 passages, which was the same as the buffered …

Application Of Digital Signal Analysis, Mass Data Acquisition And Processing Techniques, And Automated Experiment Protocols To The Study Of Cardiac Cell Membrane Electrophysiology, With Mathematical Modeling, David S. Buckles

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Traditional methods of collecting, analyzing and storing data from cardiac cell membrane electrophysiology experiments have become increasingly cumbersome and unwieldy as experimental protocols have become more sophisticated and complex. A global approach to collecting, analyzing, refining and storing electrophysiologic data, as well as a new approach to mathematical modeling of cell membrane single ion channel kinetics, was developed. This utilizes a comprehensive microcomputer based system of software with specialized analog and digital electronics for data acquisition, analysis and archiving. Unique discrete signal processing techniques for characterizing the electronic recording system, including specialized hardware and software adapted for minimizing distortions in …

Production From Heifers And First Calvers, G J. Sawyer

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Heifers and first calvers present the major problems of the beef breeding herd. Reproduction rates, calf growth and survival of first calvers are generally much poorer than those of adult breeders.

Early successful reproductive performance is important in beef herds because of the high overhead cost of keeping breeding beef heifers or cows, Where possible, beef producers should aim to join heifers at 14 to 15 months of age. To achieve this goal, producers should set production targets for those animals. These targets will differ from farm to farm depending on when calves are turned off and the seasonal feed …

The Effects Of Xanthine Analogs On Neonatal Rat And Adult Mouse Respiration, Susan M. Reynolds

Masters Theses

Apnea, a prolonged cessation of breathing, is commonly seen in premature infants. This condition, in its severest form, can be lethal and is a suspected cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Sometimes referred to as apnea of prematurity, recurrent apnea is presently being treated with respiratory stimulants known as methylxanthines (MX) such as theophylline and caffeine. The benefits of MXs are accompanied by central nervous system stimulation and cardiostimulation which may be detrimental to a premature infant. Theophylline (1,3-diMX) has been shown to produce some of its effects by antagonizing endogenous adenosine. Another xanthine, enprofylline (3-propylxanthine), is presently being …

Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections Associated With The Use Of Ventilatory Support Systems: Epidemiological And Bacteriological Study Of The Effect Of Changing Breathing Circuits At 24 Or 48 Hours, Virginia Archer Lamb

Theses and Dissertations

Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia (HAP) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the hospital. HAP is the third most common nosocomial infection after urinary tract and surgical wound infections. In addition, HAP is the nosocomial infection with the highest mortality rate. These infections are often difficult to treat, because most are caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) that may be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. HAPs frequently occur in intensive care patients with underlying lung and/or systemic diseases. Many patients are intubated and are on assisted ventilation. Several sources of infection associated with ventilators or respirators have been …

Fine-Structure Analysis Of The Processing And Polyadenylation Region Of The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase Gene By Using Linker Scanning, Internal Deletion, And Insertion Mutations., Fang Zhang, Roger M. Denome, Charles N. Cole

Dartmouth Scholarship

Most eucaryotic mRNAs are polyadenylated. In higher eucaryotes, the sequence AATAAA is located 7 to 30 base pairs (bp) upstream from the site of processing and polyadenylation and is a critical part of the signal for processing and polyadenylation. Efficient cleavage and polyadenylation also require sequences downstream of polyadenylation sites. The herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene contains two copies of the AATAAA hexanucleotide and a GT box (18 of 19 consecutive residues are G or T) previously shown to be required for efficient processing and polyadenylation of tk mRNA (C. N. Cole and T. P. Stacy, …

1986 Fall No. 11, School Of Medicine Office Of Alumni Affairs

Medicinews

LSU Medicinews Number 11 Fall 1986 was edited by Russell C. Klein, and published by the LSU School of Medicine Office of Alumni and Continuing Education Services.

This issue consists of 24 pages.

A Semiquantitative Analysis Of The Chorda Tympani Taste Pathway In The Rat Brain With The 2-Deoxyglucose Method, Charles L. Hardison

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This thesis is based on a semiquantitative analysis of four nuclear relay centers [nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), parabrachial nucleus (PBN), ventroposteromedial nucleus (VPM), gustatory neocortex (GNC)] in the chorda tympani nerve pathway. Metabolic changes were examined by the 2-deoxyglucose method in which one chorda tympani nerve was chemically stimulated and its contralateral side lesioned. Coronal sections of four taste centers were prepared for autoradiography and Nissl staining. Densities of the autoradiograms were determined by means of a video based image processor. Relative differences in the optical density ratios of the stimulated versus lesioned nuclear grey matter areas to white matter …

Interaction Of Putative Estrogens And The Estrogen Receptor System In Leydig Cells In The Balb/C Mouse Testis Resulting In The Initiation Of Dna Synthesis, R. Lloyd Juriansz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Continuous administration of estrogens for 7-9 months, both steroidal and nonsteroidal, to male BALB/c mice, leads to the formation of testicular Leydig cell tumors. Three days following the subcutaneous implantation of a pellet of estrogen in cholesterol, there is a peak in the incorporation of ³H-tymidine into the DNA of the interstitial cells. These effects are hypothesized to be mediated by the estrogen receptor system in the Leydig cell. Common experimental techniques for the measurement of hormone binding, such as dextran coated charcoal treatment, proved to be impossible to employ in this system, therefore a procedure was developed using …

Absence Of A Structural Basis For Intracellular Recognition And Differential Localization Of Nuclear And Plasma Membrane-Associated Forms Of Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen., Donald L. Jarvis, Charles N. Cole, Janet S. Butel

Dartmouth Scholarship

The simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (T-ag) is found in both the nuclei (nT-ag) and plasma membranes (mT-ag) of simian virus 40-infected or -transformed cells. It is not known how newly synthesized T-ag molecules are recognized, sorted, and transported to their ultimate subcellular destinations. One possibility is that these events depend upon structural differences between nT-ag and mT-ag. To test this possibility, we compared the structures of nT-ag and mT-ag from simian virus 40-infected cells. No differences between the two forms of T-ag were detected by migration in polyacrylamide gels, by Staphylococcus aureus V8 partial proteolytic mapping of methionine- …