Digital Commons Network^™

Dinámica De Seroconversión En Hembras Bovinas Post Eliminación De Animales Portadores Del Virus De La Diarrea Viral Bovina., Jayashi Cesar F., Gavidia Cesar C., Mariluz Araínga, Alberto Manchego, Hermelinda G. Rivera

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

A study was conducted to determine the effect of culling BVDV carrier animals on the seroconversion against BVDV in the new generation of heifers from a dairy herd located in Arequipa, Peru. Blood samples were collected from 6-12 month old females in four sampling periods: January (n = 73), June (n = 48), October 2003 (n = 48), and January 2004 (n = 35) to evaluate their serological against BVDV status and to screen for carrier animals using the virus neutralization and antigen-capture ELISA tests, respectively. The prevalence of BVDV was 80.8 ± 9.0, 56.3 ± 14.0, 50.0 ± 14.2 …

Renal Ischemia And Reperfusion Activates The Eif2 Alpha Kinase Perk, Heather L. Montie, Foaz Kayali, Adam J. Haezebrouck, Noreen F. Rossi, Donald J. Degracia

PCOM Scholarly Works

Inhibition of protein synthesis occurs in the post-ischemic reperfused kidney but the molecular mechanism of renal translation arrest is unknown. Several pathways have been identified whereby cell stress inhibits translation initiation via phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2a, phospho-form eIF2a(P)]. Here, we report a 20-fold increase in eIF2a(P) in kidney homogenates following 10 min of cardiac arrest-induced ischemia and 10 min reperfusion. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed eIF2a(P) in tubular epithelial cells in both cortex and medulla, where the greatest eIF2a(P) staining was found in epithelial cells of the so-called watershed area at the corticomedullary junction. …

Ebola: A Significant Threat As An Infectious Disease, And As A Potential Bioterrorism Agent, Çağatay Üstün, Özge Özgürler

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Peripheral Facial Paralysis And Apoptosis Induced By Herpes Simplex Type I Virus: A Rat Study, Ni̇met Kabakuş, H. Cengi̇z Alpay, Ahmet Gödekmerdan, Üzeyi̇r Gök, Nusret Akpolat

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Different results have been reported concerning the impact of agents used in the treatment of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (FNP) generated by HSV type I (HSV-I) on the apoptotic process. We aimed at investigating the effects of different agents (steroids, acyclovir and interferon) used in the treatment of idiopathic FNP on the apoptotic process in animals in whom experimental FNP has been produced by HSV-I. After cleaning the auricles of 113 animals, linear injuries were produced, and then 25 micromole KOS HSV-I was inoculated with the solution containing 1.7 x 107 virus per milliliter. On the 6th day after the …

Effect Of Carotid Stenosis On The Development Of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study, Canan Atalay, Ednan Bayram, Mehmet Dumlu Aydin, Mehmet Bi̇li̇ci̇, Zafer Okumuş, Cemal Gündoğdu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be seen after the invasive procedures of occlusive carotid artery disease. The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) on the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Twenty Wistar adult rats (150-200g) were randomly divided into two groups, as follows: (ı) Control group (without BCCAL, n = 5), (II) BCCAL group (n = 15). All rats were sacrificed three months later. The basilar artery with surrounding tissue was removed from the cranium and processed for paraffin embedding. Histopathological and Stereological examinations of the basilar artery were made. During …

Gene Expression Profiling Revealed Novel Mechanism Of Action Of Taxotere And Furtulon In Prostate Cancer Cells, Yiwei Li, Maha Hussain, Sarah H. Sarkar, James Eliason, Ran Li, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Both Taxotere and Capecitabine have shown anti-cancer activity against various cancers including prostate cancer. In combination, Taxotere plus Capecitabine has demonstrated higher anti-cancer activity in advanced breast cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of Taxotere and Capecitabine have not been fully elucidated in prostate cancer.

Methods

The total RNA from PC3 and LNCaP prostate cells untreated and treated with 2 nM Taxotere, 110 μM Furtulon (active metabolite of Capecitabine), or 1 nM Taxotere plus 50 μM Furtulon for 6, 36, and 72 hours, was subjected to Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array analysis. Real-time PCR and Western Blot …

Effect Of Genetic Variation On The Formation Of Hepatocarcinogenic Metabolites Of Trichloroethylene Using Chloral Hydrate Studies (An Interdisciplinary Approach), Apryl Bronley-Delancey

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is listed with the EPA as a suspected human carcinogen and is ubiquitous in the environment (US EPA 1992). Chloral hydrate (CH) is a sedative drug and a cytochrome P450 (CYP 450)-derived metabolite of TCE (Klaassen 2001). Chloral hydrate is metabolized in the liver to the rodent hepatocarcinogen trichloroacetate (TCA) by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and to the non-carcinogenic metabolite trichloroethanol (TCEOH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (Klaassen 2001). Both ALDH and ADH are polymorphic in humans which can presumably predict the disposition of chloral hydrate into the carcinogenic vs. non-carcinogenic pathways. The likelihood is then raised that subpopulations of …

Vertebrate Gld2 Poly(A) Polymerases In The Germline And The Brain, Labib Rouhana, Liaoteng Wang, Natascha Buter, Jae Eun Kwak, Craig A. Schiltz, Tania Gonzalez, Ann E. Kelley, Charles F. Landry, Marvin Wickens

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation is important in the control of mRNA stability and translation, and for early animal development and synaptic plasticity. Here, we focus on vertebrate poly(A) polymerases that are members of the recently described GLD2 family. We identify and characterize two closely related GLD2 proteins in Xenopus oocytes, and show that they possess PAP activity in vivo and in vitro and that they bind known polyadenylation factors and mRNAs known to receive poly(A) during development. We propose that at least two distinct polyadenylation complexes exist in Xenopus oocytes, one of which contains GLD2; the other, maskin and Pumilio. GLD2 protein …

Investigating Toxic Effects Of The Hiv-Rt Inhibitor 2-Phenoxymethyl-5-Chloro-Benzimidazole On Rat Liver, Yeşi̇m Uğur, Ayşegül Akbay Yarpuzlu, Ayşegül Nazi̇koğlu, Esi̇n Aşan, İlkay Yildiz, Şükrü Keleş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of the human immunodeficiency virus- reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT) inhibitor 2-phenoxymethyl-5-chlorobenzimidazole on rat liver at the light microscopic level to gain an insight into possible effects in human subjects. To do this, an animal experimental model was constructed and rats were divided into single injected rat (SIR) and multiple injected rat (MIR) groups, as well as single and multiple solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) injected controls and an untreated control. Cellular heterogeneity was observed in a non-prominent way in the SIR group (prominent in only one area) and very prominently in the …

Importance Of Calcium, Beri̇van Tandoğan, N. Nuray Ulusu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Calcium regulates many cellular processes and has important structural roles in living organisms. Skeletal muscle structure and function, polymerisation of fibrin and the conduction of impulses in the nervous system are regulated by calcium. Calcium is an important intracellular messenger in protozoa, plants, and animals. Calcium-transporting systems which are located in the plasma membrane and in the organelles, regulate the ionic concentration of calcium in various compartments according to the different demands of the physiological cycle and these systems upregulate calcium entry by the action of several hormones and calcium binding …

Mycobacterium Chelonae Keratitis Following Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (Lasik) Specifically Identified By Inno-Lipa Method, İsmai̇l Ceyhan, Gülnur Tarhan, Sali̇h Cesur, Feyzullah Gümüşlü

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

EYHAN^1, Gülnur TARHAN^1, Salih CESUR^1, Feyzullah GÜMÜŞLÜ^2 ^1Refik Saydam Hygiene Center,Tuberculosis Reference and Research laboratory, Ankara - Turkey ^2Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, Ankara - Turkey

Gene Therapy And Targeted Toxins For Glioma, James Curtin, Gwendalyn King, Marianela Candolfi, Kurt Kroeger, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro

Articles

The most common primary brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma. These tumors are highly invasive and aggressive with a mean survival time of nine to twelve months from diagnosis to death. Current treatment modalities are unable to significantly prolong survival in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. As such, glioma is an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic approaches utilizing gene therapy. This review will examine the available preclinical models for glioma including xenographs, syngeneic and genetic models. Several promising therapeutic targets are currently being pursued in pre-clinical investigations. These targets will be reviewed by mechanism of action, i.e., conditional cytotoxic, targeted …

Palm Is Expressed In Both Developing And Adult Mouse Lens And Retina., Meryl Castellini, Louise V Wolf, Bharesh K Chauhan, Deni S Galileo, Manfred W Kilimann, Ales Cvekl, Melinda K Duncan

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Paralemmin (Palm) is a prenyl-palmitoyl anchored membrane protein that can drive membrane and process formation in neurons. Earlier studies have shown brain preferred Palm expression, although this protein is a major water insoluble protein in chicken lens fiber cells and the Palm gene may be regulated by Pax6. METHODS: The expression profile of Palm protein in the embryonic, newborn and adult mouse eye as well as dissociated retinal neurons was determined by confocal immunofluorescence. The relative mRNA levels of Palm, Palmdelphin (PalmD) and paralemmin2 (Palm2) in the lens and retina were determined by real time rt-PCR. RESULTS: In the …

A New Diagnostic System In Cancer Research: Bioluminescent Imaging (Bli), Z. Günnur Di̇kmen, Ginelle Gellert, Paki̇ze Doğan, Ralph Mason, Peter Antich, Edmond Richer, Woodring E. Wright, Jerry W. Shay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is particularly well suited for imaging small animals, and it can be readily used by scientists who are already routinely using the luciferase gene as a reporter in cell-based assays. This strategy relies on ATP and an O_2 dependent photochemical reaction between luciferin and luciferase, resulting in the release of photons from only live cells. In BLI, the intensity of the light detected by the device is proportional to the intensity of light emitted and the relationship is quantitative. This study was performed to determine the sensitivity of BLI for the imaging of lung metastasis and breast …

A Compilation Of Homologous Cancer-Related Genes In Humans And Dogs, Julie Susan Brown

Honors Program Theses

The purpose of this study was to find out if spontaneously arising point mutations occurred in canine e-kit and if these mutations contributed to the development of mast cell tumors in dogs. Specimens were collected from 11 dogs after tumors had been surgically removed or the dog had died. The e-kit DNA was amplified using PCR, and the previously established point mutations were searched for (London et al., 1999). The point mutations found in human mast cell lines were not detected in the canine e-kit DNA, but new mutations were observed. These new mutations, observed in 50% of the tumors, …

The Effect Of Antioxidant Supplementation On Human Sperm Cryopreservation, Katrina E. Taylor

Theses : Honours

Semen cryopreservation has an important role in assisted reproductive technology however, the cooling, freezing and thawing processes often result in a significant loss of sperm motility, viability and nuclear integrity. The destructive effects of cryopreservation are significantly exacerbated in samples exhibiting low sperm number and poor morphological characteristics. Recent research into infertility has focused on the correlation between excessive oxidation and subfertility, in particular radical induced lipid peroxidation within the phospholipid bilayer of the spermatozoon plasma membrane and the promotion of cellular damage as a result of antioxidant insufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of …

Mechanism Of Cancer Selective Apoptosis By Par-4, Sushma Gurumurthy

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Despite distinct dissimilarities, diverse cancers express several common pro-tumorigenic traits. We present here evidence that the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 utilizes one such common tumorigenic trait to become selectively activated and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Elevated PKA activity noted in cancer cells activated the apoptotic function of ectopic Par-4 or its SAC domain, which induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells and not in normal or immortalized cells. PKA preferentially phosphorylated Par-4 at the T155 residue within the SAC domain in cancer cells. Moreover, pharmacological-, peptide- or siRNA-mediated inhibition of PKA activity in cancer cells resulted in abrogation of both T155 …

Global Gene Expression Profiling Of Cells Overexpressing Smc3., Giancarlo Ghiselli, Chang-Gong Liu

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The Structural Maintenance of Chromosome 3 protein (SMC3) plays an essential role during the sister chromatid separation, is involved in DNA repair and recombination and participates in microtubule-mediated intracellular transport. SMC3 is frequently elevated in human colon carcinoma and overexpression of the protein transforms murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of SMC3-mediated tumorigenesis a gene expression profiling was performed on human 293 cells line stably overexpressing SMC3. RESULTS: Biotinylated complementary RNA (cRNA) was used for hybridization of a cDNAmicroarray chip harboring 18,861 65-mer oligos derived from the published dEST sequences. After filtering, the hybridization …

Antigenicity And Immunogenicity Of A Synthetic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Envelope Glycoprotein, Feng Gao, Eric A. Weaver, Zhongjing Lu, Yingying Li, Hua-Xin Liao, Benjiang Ma, S. Munir Alam, Richard M. Scearce, Laura L. Sutherland, Jae-Sung Yu, Julie M. Decker, George M. Shaw, David C. Montefiori, Bette T. Korber, Beatrice H. Hahn, Barton F. Haynes

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Genetic variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) represents a major obstacle for AIDS vaccine development. To decrease the genetic distances between candidate immunogens and field virus strains, we have designed and synthesized an artificial group M consensus env gene (CON6 gene) to be equidistant from contemporary HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants. This novel envelope gene expresses a glycoprotein that binds soluble CD4, utilizes CCR5 but not CXCR4 as a coreceptor, and mediates HIV-1 entry. Key linear, conformational, and glycan-dependent monoclonal antibody epitopes are preserved in CON6, and the glycoprotein is recognized equally well by sera from individuals infected with different HIV-1 …

Antigenicity And Immunogenicity Of A Synthetic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Envelope Glycoprotein, Feng Gao, Eric A. Weaver, Zhongjing Lu, Yingying Li, Hua-Xin Liao, Benjiang Ma, S. Munir Alam, Richard M. Scearce, Laura L. Sutherland, Jae-Sung Yu, Julie M. Decker, George M. Shaw, David C. Montefiori, Bette T. Korber, Beatrice H. Hahn, Barton F. Haynes

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Genetic variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) represents a major obstacle for AIDS vaccine development. To decrease the genetic distances between candidate immunogens and field virus strains, we have designed and synthesized an artificial group M consensus env gene (CON6 gene) to be equidistant from contemporary HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants. This novel envelope gene expresses a glycoprotein that binds soluble CD4, utilizes CCR5 but not CXCR4 as a coreceptor, and mediates HIV-1 entry. Key linear, conformational, and glycan-dependent monoclonal antibody epitopes are preserved in CON6, and the glycoprotein is recognized equally well by sera from individuals infected with different HIV-1 …

Periplasm Organization In Treponema Denticola As Studied By Cryo-Electron Tomography, Jacques Izard, C.-E. Hsieh, C. A. Mannella, Ronald J. Limberger, M. Marko

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

As a spirochete, the genus Treponema is one of the few major bacterial groups whose natural phylogenic relationships are evident at the level of gross phenotypic characteristics such as their morphology. Treponema spp. are highly invasive due to their unique motility in dense media, and their ability to penetrate cell layers. This feature is associated with the helical cell body and the presence of flagellar filaments in the periplasm. Treponema denticola is an oral pathogen involved in endodontic infections and periodontal diseases. The presence and quantity of T. denticola in the subgingival biofilm is correlated with the severity of periodontal …

Mitochondrial Dna Mutations, Apoptosis, And The Misfolded Protein Response., Justin L. Mott, Dekui Zhang, Hans Peter Zassenhaus

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Studies of transgenic mice with accelerated accumulation of mtDNA mutations specifically in the heart lead us to propose that apoptotic signaling and cell death is central to the pathogenesis of mtDNA mutations in aging. It is the cellular response to that apoptotic signaling and the organ?s compensatory response to a loss of cells that specify the phenotype of an accumulation of mtDNA mutations. In the heart, cardiomyocytes induce a vigorous anti-apoptotic, pro-survival response to counteract mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. The heart up-regulates contractility of remaining myocytes in order to maintain cardiac output. We hypothesize that mutant mitochondrial proteins originate apoptotic signaling …

Ccl20/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3Α And Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production By Primary Uterine Epithelial Cells In Response To Treatment With Lipopolysaccharide Or Pam3cys, M. A. Crane-Godreau, C. R. Wira

Dartmouth Scholarship

Having previously shown that CCL20/macrophage inflammatory protein 3 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are released by polarized primary rat uterine epithelial cells (UEC) in response to Escherichia coli but not to Lactobacillus rhamnosus , we sought to determine if epithelial cells are responsive to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and Pam 3 Cys, a bacterial lipoprotein analog. Epithelial cells were grown to confluence on Nunc cell culture inserts prior to apical treatment with PAMPs. In response to LPS, LTA, and Pam 3 Cys (EMC Microcollection GmbH, Tu ̈- bingen, Germany), CCL20 levels increased (4- …

Interleukin-17/Interleukin-17 Receptor-Mediated Signaling Is Important For Generation Of An Optimal Polymorphonuclear Response Against Toxoplasma Gondii Infection, Michelle N. Kelly, Jay K. Kolls, Kyle Happel, Joseph D. Schwartzman

Dartmouth Scholarship

We investigated the role of interleukin-17 (IL-17)/IL-17 receptor (IL-17R)-mediated signaling in the protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. IL-17R−/− mice developed a normal adaptive immunity against the parasite. However, increased mortality in the knockout animals can be attributed to a defect in the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to infected sites during early infection.

Combining Cytotoxic And Immune-Mediated Gene Therapy To Treat Brain Tumors, James Curtin, Gwendalyn King, Marianela Candolfi, Remy Greeno, Kurt Kroeger, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro

Articles

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a type of intracranial brain tumor, for which there is no cure. In spite of advances in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, patients die within a year of diagnosis. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this disease. Gene therapy, which is the use of genes or other nucleic acids as drugs, is a powerful new treatment strategy which can be developed to treat GBM. Several treatment modalities are amenable for gene therapy implementation, e.g. conditional cytotoxic approaches, targeted delivery of toxins into the tumor mass, immune stimulatory strategies, and these will all …

Post-Juvenile Brain Development Modulates Seizure Characteristics And Diazepam Efficacy In The Rat Pilocarpine-Se Model, William H. Holbert Ii

Theses and Dissertations

These studies were completed to examine how status epilpeticus seizure characteristics are modulated during post-juvenile brain development. This may determine if postnatal age in rats is a better identifier of stages of post-juvenile brain development. The first study fully detailed the acute discrete seizure phase of the rat pilocarpine-SE model. Results for this study showed that Racine behavioral severity score, spike frequency, and seizure severity during the acute discrete seizure phase change in relation to post-juvenile brain developmental stages. The second study fully detailed early and late patterns of status epilepticus. Results for this study displayed modulation of time in …

The Effects Of Footshock On The Reinforcing Efficacy Of Cocaine In Male Long-Evans Rats, Elizabeth S. Hendrick

Theses and Dissertations

Many links exist between cocaine abuse and stress. The literature and laboratory studies in rats suggest that this could be because stress increases the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine. Using male Long-Evans rats, experiments in this thesis tested effects of footshock on the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. They also examined effects of footshock on the reinforcing efficacy of a half-maximal dose of cocaine. Finally, they tested the effects of footshock on cocaine self-administration in rats initially resistant to acquisition of cocaine self-administration. Footshock did not increase reinforcing efficacy of cocaine on a PR schedule …

The Use Of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Imaging In The Study Of Protein Kinase C Localisation In Cells., Christopher D Stubbs, Stanley W Botchway, Simon J Slater, Anthony W Parker

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Two-photon-excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM) was used to investigate the association of protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha) with caveolin in CHO cells. PKCalpha is found widely in the cytoplasm and nucleus in most cells. Upon activation, as a result of increased intracellular Ca2+ and production of DAG, through G-protein coupled-phospholipase C signalling, PKC translocates to a variety of regions in the cell where it phosphorylates and interacts with many signalling pathways. Due to its wide distribution, discerning a particular interaction from others within the cell is extremely difficult. RESULTS: Fluorescence energy transfer (FRET), between GFP-PKCalpha and DsRed-caveolin, was used …

Role Of Macrophage Apoptosis In Atherosclerosis., June Liu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The presence of apoptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions has been broadly reported in the past ten years. The majority of these apoptotic cells are macrophages. However, the pathogenic role of macrophage apoptosis in the development of atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. Elevated expression of Bax, one of the pivotal pro-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, has been found in human atherosclerotic plaques. Activation of Bax also occurs in free cholesterol-loaded and oxysterol treated mouse macrophages. In this study, we evaluated the influence of Bax deficiency on apoptosis in macrophage-like P388D1 cells by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress Bax …

Dose-Dependent Effects Of Salmon Calcitonin On Bone Turnover In Ovariectomized Rats., Beatrice H. Owens

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, osteoporosis results in about 1.5 million annual fractures, costing approximately $15 billion. Calcitonin is safe and effective in slowing osteoporotic bone loss, but its effect is transient. The current studies were designed to explore the dose-dependent effects of salmon calcitonin on bone turnover in ovariectomized rats and to determine if the decrease in therapeutic effectiveness of calcitonin demonstrated over time with higher doses is due to oversuppression of bone turnover. Doses of 5, 15, & 50 IU/kg BW/day of calcitonin were compared to placebo in 12-week-old ovariectomized and sham-ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats for 24 weeks. The spinal …